Language: Ainu (Southern Hokkaido)
Contributors: Anna Bugaeva
References: Tamura 1985.0; Tamura 1996.0; Nakagawa 1995.0; Chiri 1981.0; Nakagawa and Bugaeva 2010.0; Okuda 1995.0; Watanabe et al. 1997.0; Kubodera 1992.0; Kayano 1996.0; Chiri 1978.0; Kubodera 1977.0; Nakagawa 2001.0; Tamura 1986.0; Nevskij 1972.0; Bugaeva and Endo 2010.0; Satoo 1997.0; Bugaeva 2004.0; Kayano 1998.0; Sunazawa 1983.0; Okuda 1993.0; Okuda 1999.0; Batchelor 1938.0; Tamura 2000.0; Nakagawa 2001.0; Okuda 1994.0; Satoo 2002.0; Honda and Yasuda 1997.0; Hattori 1964.0; Satoo 1998.0; Kindaichi 0.0; Chiri 1978.0; Alpatov et al. 2007.0; Bugaeva 2011.0; Tamura 0.0
Simplex verb
Verb meaning: RUN [run]
Comment: Historically, the verb ho-yup-u ‘run.SG’ contains a decreasing lexical prefix ho- ‘buttocks’ and a direct causative suffix -V, lit. ‘pull the buttocks’, which became strongly lexicalized.
Examples: see at the bottom
Schema: 1 subj[1].V
| # | Microrole | Coding set | Argument type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | runner | subj.V | S |
| (134) |
Matne ekaci hoyupu kusu cinukar kusu payeas. mat-ne woman-COP ekaci child hoyupu run.SG kusu because ci=nukar 1PL.EXC.A=see kusu in.order paye=as go.PL=1PL.EXC.S It was the girls' running contest (lit. 'since girls ran'), so we went to watch it. See Sunazawa 1983.0: [189] |
| Alternation | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (136) |
Cikoykip uhoyuppare uterkere siri annukar. ci-koyki-p 1PL.EXC.A-catch-NR u-hoyuppa-re REC-run.PL-CAUS u-terke-re REC-jump-CAUS siri VIS.EV an=nukar IND.A=see I saw wild beasts running and jumping around. Comment: When the reciprocal prefix u- and a causative suffix co-occur, they trigger the subject-oriented sociative interpretation 'together'. Here we have the circumfix u-...-re. See Okuda 1993.0: [247] |
