johda (좋다)

Simplex verb

Verb meaning: LIKE [like]

Comment: Sources indicate a DAT-NOM case frame for this kind of experiencer verb (cf. Yeon 2003: 55), although in spoken usage it sounds more than stilted and almost ungrammatical. There are verbs such as geuribda 'feel nostalgic about something' where a DAT-NOM case frame could be imaginable, although again, as for FEAR, I would like to remark that a NOM-NOM case pattern seems more common (cf. ex. 64 or 125). Still, whether both arguments can actually be overtly marked with NOM is questionable. If one looks at constructions that sound more natural such as ex. 186, one can see that the first argument of the verb is unmarked, whereas the second is marked for NOM. This might be rather due to information-structural properties of Korean case markers, since in ex. 69, 64, 125 one can see that the first argument can actually receive topic marking, and NOM can exhibit properties of focus marking in some contexts (cf. ex. 130). Several sources have mentioned contraints in Korean where as a part of a speaker's socio-cultural, meta-linguistic knowledge, a speaker "cannot have direct access to a third person's subjective internal feelings" (Yeon 2003: 66) which is why emotion verbs such as this one can usually only be used with first person singular (see Evans 2010: 74 for a similar account) when used on its own and not in reportative constructions. See the hada-alternation as a means of 'externalisation' (Yeon 2003: 67) of emotions.

Basic coding frame

Schema: 1-nom 2-nom V

# Microrole Coding set Argument type
1 liker NP-nom S
2 liked entity NP-nom X
Examples for basic coding frame:
(64)

난 니가 너무 좋아.
Nan niga neomu joa!
na-n
I-TOP
ni-ga
you-NOM
neomu
too_much
jo-a
be_good-PRS
I like you so much!
(125)

난 김치가 좋아.
Nan gimchiga joa.
na-n
I-TOP
gimchi-ga
Kimchi-NOM
joh-a
be_good-PLAIN
I like Kimchi.

Alternations

Alternation Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.