Language: Korean (Spoken Korean as used in and around Seoul)
Contributors: Soung-U Kim
References: O'Grady 1991.0; Yeon 2003.0; Lee and Ramsey 2000.0; Yi 2010.0; Park 2010.0; Song 2012.0; Seo 2012.0; NIKL nd; Kim 2010.0; Kroeger 2004.0; Kim 2012.0; Sohn 1999.0; Evans 2010.0; Haspelmath 1995.0; Brown et al. 2012.0; Song 2005.0; Comrie 1981.0; Creissels 2010.0; Creissels 2013.0; Shibatani 1994.0; Plank 1995.0; Moseley 2010.0; King 2006.0; Lee and Thompson 1989.0; Kim 2008.0; Maling 1989.0; Kim and Maling 1993.0; Kang 2007.0; Lee 2008.0; Evans 2007.0; Schütze 2001.0
Complex verb
Verb meaning: KILL [kill]
Comment: This is the causative of jugda 'DIE'. Whereas the morphological causative rather looks at the result of the action of killing (where it does not matter how somebody or something was killed), the periphrastic causative puts a greater emphasis on the fact that the action carried out to (eventually) kill someone or something did not instantiate an immediate change of state of the patient, but happened over a longer period of time, possibly by applying rather indirect means (e.g., killing someone with a knife vs. letting him die of suffocation). Contrary to what has been mentioned a few times in the literature, the semantic divide between the periphrastic and morphological causative in Korean is by no means clear-cut, and the individual interpretation of a speaker may have an impact on the choice of the causative form. Thus if one considers the result of killing someone more important (for example, when blaming someone of someone's death), then this interpretation of an event may override the 'semantic' distinction between morphological and periphrastic causatives regardless of 'distant' vs. 'contact' causation (see Yeon 2003: 83 for this approach).
Examples: see at the bottom
Schema: 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V
# | Microrole | Coding set | Argument type |
---|---|---|---|
1 | killer | NP-nom | A |
2 | killee | NP-acc | P |
3 | killing instrument | NP-instr | I |
(150) |
호랑이가 사람을 죽였다. Horangiga sarameul jugyeotta. horangi-ga tiger-NOM saram-eul human.being-ACC jug-i-eoss-da die-CAUS-PST-DECL A tiger killed a person. |
Alternation | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(313) |
그는 사람을 스무 명을 죽였다. Geuneun sarameul seumu myeongeul jugyeotta. geu-neun 3SG-TOP saram-eul person-ACC seumul twenty myeong-eul people.CLFR-ACC jug-i-eoss-da die-CAUS-PST-DECL He killed thirty people. |