chida (치다)

Simplex verb

Verb meaning: HIT [hit]

Comment: Expressing an instrumental adjunct with this verb somehow feels ungrammatical, maybe because the movement of HIT is different from English:The Korean chida rather refers to a movement where something touches another thing very quickly and shortly and with high velocity. Importantly, an object touches another frontally (geradeaus drauf, nach vorn oder nach unten, as we would say in German) and not mainly laterally. This is maybe how this verb is translated with a variety of different verbs in English (cf. 193, 192). Related to this, see ex. 195 where HIT also has the metaphorical meaning of CRUSH/KILL COMPLETELY, IN ONE GO. To illustrate better, imagine a situation where a stone bricks falls from above and hits someone's head, and compare this with a situation where a big portal of a castle or house falls down in a much slower way and hits someone's head this way. Intuitively, I would only use this verb for the first situation described. Thus ex. 193 would be a more naturally sounding counterpart to ex. 91, maybe because of the semantic reasons described above. Whether the periphrastic passive applies to this verb I am not sure; to me it sounds impossible.

Examples: see at the bottom

Basic coding frame

Schema: 1-nom 2-acc V

# Microrole Coding set Argument type
1 hitter NP-nom A
2 hittee NP-acc P
Examples for basic coding frame:
(192)

너 나 쳣어 지금?
Neo na chyeosseo jigeum?
neo
2SG
na
1SG
chi-eoss-eo
hit-PST-PLAIN
jigeum
just_now
Did you push me/touch me just now?

Comment: Here, chida means 'touch someone pushing him or her, with a very quick and strong movement in order to provoke his anger'.
(194)

영웅이 적을 쳐 부쉈다.
Yeongungdeuri himeul dahayeo jeogeul chyeotta.
yeongung-deul-i
hero-PL-NOM
him-eul
force-ACC
da-ha-eo
all-do-CONV
jeog-eul
enemy-ACC
chi-eoss-da
hit-PST-DECL
The heroes put all their forces together and crushed the enemy.

Alternations

Alternation Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.

Examples

(91)

사나이는 뱀을 (?막대기로) 쳤다.
Sanaineun baemeul (?makttaegiro) chyeotta.
sanai-neun
boy-TOP
baem-eul
snake-ACC
magdaegi-ro
stick-INSTR
chi-eoss-da
hiss-PST-DECL
The boy hit the snake with a stick.

Comment: Expressing an instrumental adjunct with this verb somehow feels ungrammatical, maybe because the movement of HIT is different from English. For more information see comment on this verb in the verb layout.
(193)

아이가 막대기를 던져 뱀을 쳣다.
Aiga makttaegireul deonjyeo baemeul chyeotta.
ai-ga
child-NOM
magdaegi-reul
stick-ACC
deonji-eo
throw-CONV
baem-eul
snake-ACC
chi-eoss-da
hit-PST-DECL
The child threw a stick and hit the/a snake.