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  • Verb meanings 
      Show all Verb meanings or select one of the 80 core meanings:
    • ASK FOR
    • BE A HUNTER
    • BEAT
    • BE DRY
    • BE HUNGRY
    • BE SAD
    • BLINK
    • BOIL
    • BREAK
    • BRING
    • BUILD
    • BURN
    • CARRY
    • CLIMB
    • COOK
    • COUGH
    • COVER
    • CUT
    • DIE
    • DIG
    • DRESS
    • EAT
    • FEAR
    • FEEL COLD
    • FEEL PAIN
    • FILL
    • FOLLOW
    • FRIGHTEN
    • GIVE
    • GO
    • GRIND
    • HEAR
    • HELP
    • HIDE
    • HIT
    • HUG
    • JUMP
    • KILL
    • KNOW
    • LAUGH
    • LEAVE
    • LIKE
    • LIVE
    • LOAD
    • LOOK AT
    • MEET
    • NAME
    • PEEL
    • PLAY
    • POUR
    • PUSH
    • PUT
    • RAIN
    • ROLL
    • RUN
    • SAY
    • SCREAM
    • SEARCH FOR
    • SEE
    • SEND
    • SHAVE (a body part/person)
    • SHOUT AT
    • SHOW
    • SING
    • SINK
    • SIT
    • SIT DOWN
    • SMELL
    • STEAL
    • TAKE
    • TALK
    • TEACH
    • TEAR
    • TELL
    • THINK
    • THROW
    • TIE
    • TOUCH
    • WASH
    • WIPE
  • All Coding frames
  • Microroles
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    • Data set for Italian (zipped TSV files)
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    • Data set for all languages (zipped SQLite3 file)
  • Italian
  • Verb forms 
      Show all 93 Verb forms or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
    • ASK FOR chiedere
    • BE A HUNTER no verbal counterpart
    • BEAT colpire
    • BE DRY essere arido
    • BE HUNGRY avere fame, essere affamato
    • BE SAD essere triste
    • BLINK sbattere le palpebre
    • BOIL (no counterpart)
    • BREAK rompere
    • BRING portare
    • BUILD costruire
    • BURN (no counterpart)
    • CARRY trasportare
    • CLIMB scalare
    • COOK cuocere
    • COUGH tossire
    • COVER coprire
    • CUT tagliare
    • DIE morire
    • DIG dissotterrare
    • DRESS vestire
    • EAT mangiare
    • FEAR temere
    • FEEL COLD avere freddo, sentire freddo
    • FEEL PAIN avere dolore, sentire dolore
    • FILL riempire
    • FOLLOW seguire
    • FRIGHTEN spaventare
    • GIVE dare
    • GO andare
    • GRIND macinare
    • HEAR sentire, udire
    • HELP aiutare
    • HIDE nascondere
    • HIT urtare
    • HUG abbracciare
    • JUMP saltare
    • KILL uccidere
    • KNOW conoscere
    • LAUGH ridere
    • LEAVE lasciare, partire
    • LIKE piacere
    • LIVE abitare
    • LOAD caricare
    • LOOK AT guardare
    • MEET incontrare
    • NAME chiamare
    • PEEL sbucciare
    • PLAY giocare
    • POUR versare
    • PUSH spingere
    • PUT mettere
    • RAIN piovere
    • ROLL (no counterpart)
    • RUN correre
    • SAY dire
    • SCREAM urlare
    • SEARCH FOR cercare
    • SEE vedere
    • SEND inviare
    • SHAVE (a body part/person) radere
    • SHOUT AT sgridare
    • SHOW mostrare
    • SING cantare
    • SINK (no counterpart)
    • SIT sedere
    • SIT DOWN sedersi
    • SMELL odorare
    • STEAL rubare
    • TAKE prendere
    • TALK parlare
    • TEACH insegnare
    • TEAR strappare
    • TELL raccontare
    • THINK pensare
    • THROW lanciare
    • TIE legare
    • TOUCH toccare
    • WASH lavare
    • WIPE pulire
  • Coding frames
  • Coding sets
  • Alternations
  • Examples

Basic Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (con+3)
# Coding set Argument type
1 V.subj A
2 Ø P
3 con+NP I
Derived Coding frames via
1 > V'.subj[1] > (con+3)
Object Omission
2 > passV'.subj[2] (con+3) (daParteDi+1)
Passive
2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3) ( > daParteDi+1)
Reflexive Passive
2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3)
Anticausative (coded)
1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > con+3)
Direct Reciprocal Reflexive
2 > V'.subj[2]
Anticausative (uncoded)
siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > con+3)
Impersonal Reflexive
siPassV' (con+3) (da+1)
Impersonal Passive
4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (con+3) a+1
Causative
1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > con+3)
Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive

Verb forms with this basic Coding frame

Verb form Verb meaning Microrole 1 Microrole 2 Microrole 3
rompere BREAK breaker broken thing breaking instrument
uccidere KILL killer killee killing instrument
toccare TOUCH toucher touchee touching instrument
tagliare CUT cutter cut thing cutting instrument
coprire COVER coverer covered thing cover
riempire FILL filler filled container filling material
affondare SINK (tr) sink-(caus)er (tr) sunken entity (tr) sinking instrument
bruciare BURN (tr) burner (tr) burnt thing (tr) burn instrument (tr)
assassinare ASSASSINATE assassin assassinee assassination instrument
colpire BEAT beater beatee beating instrument
urtare HIT hitter hittee hitting instrument
macinare GRIND grinder ground thing grinding instrument
Logo_minerva     Cc-by
Valency Patterns Leipzig online database is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley
and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.