known thing/person

Microroles of
KNOW

knower

known thing/person

know causer

43 Verb forms in 36 Languages (63 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (KNOW)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hiperes	D 6 1 2 und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	3	2	obj:und.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hiperes	D 1/2 act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	2	2	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hiperes	D 6/1 2 und[2].act[6/1].V'caus	Derived	3	2	obj:und.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekkja	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiq'al	B 1-lat 2-abs abs[2].V	Basic	2	2	NP-abs & abs.V	I
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	n-tzuʔu-ntoo	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2	Basic	2	2	jiʔį̄+NP	P
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	zhīdào	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	təx̣ʷ-nixʷ	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1	Basic	2	1	V.obj	P
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	néxä	B 1 > V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	tâmwâ	B 1 > V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Ainu	Asia	isolate	amkir	B 1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	2	obj.V	P
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wáájacú	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	ẹẹn	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	guẹ	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	siru	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	mete	B 1-abs 2-abs und[1].V	Basic	2	2	NP-abs	X
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	know	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	nawang	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	lóŋ	B 1 > 2 > V	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	ʿarifa	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	ʿalima	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ha-	B 1-nom 2-acc V.subj[1]	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	znatʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	(qoŋ) it⁷-am⁰	B 1 2 subj[1].V	Basic	2	2	Ø	X
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	kimün	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	2	V.obj	P
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	ta’a	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	mò̩	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóol	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	2	V.obj	P
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóolt	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	2	V.obj	P
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hiperes	B 1 2 und[2].act[1].V	Basic	2	2	obj:und.V	P
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	sir-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	čanačʰel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat V.subj[1]	Basic	2	2	NP-nomdat	P
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ha-	D 2-nom medV'.subj[2]	Derived	1	2	NP-nom V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	2	2	V.subj
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	znatʹ	D 1-nom negV'.subj[1] 2-gen	Derived	2	2	NP-gen
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	kennen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ha-	D 1&2-nom recV'.subj[1&2]	Derived	2	2	NP-nom V.subj
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	sir-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	gkenmaad	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	2	V.objI	P
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	gkendang	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	2	V.objI	P
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	mɨksi-khaŋ	B 1-erg 2-abs V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	2	2	NP-abs & V.obj	P
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	nis	B 1-erg 2-abs V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	2	2	NP-abs & V.obj	P
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wáájacú	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-all V'tso	Derived	3	2	NP-all
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekkja	D 1/2-nom rcpV'.agr[1/2]	Derived	2	2	NP-nom & V.agr
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wáájacú	D 1/2-nom V'jcatsí	Derived	2	2	NP-nom
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekkja	D 2-nom medV'.agr[2]	Derived	1	2	NP-nom & V.agr
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wáájacú	D 1/2-nom V'meí	Derived	2	2	NP-nom
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	siru	D 2-nom passV'	Derived	1	2	NP-nom
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	sir-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	2	NP-acc
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	sir-u	D 2-nom (1-loc/dat) V'pass	Derived	2	2	NP-nom
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	2	2	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2]	Derived	2	2	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 > a+1	Derived	3	2	Ø
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	conoscere	D siV'.subj[2] > 2	Derived	1	2	V.subj
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	sir-u	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	2	2	NP-nom
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	thaau	B 1-dat 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	X
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	kenal	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóol	D sbj[1].V'extra.obj[2] 2 1	Derived	2	2	V.obj
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóol	D sbj[1/2].V'	Derived	2	2	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóolt	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1)	Derived	2	2	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ahóolt	D sbj[1/2].V'	Derived	2	2	sbj.V
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	saa-	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	ǁxae(-a)	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	2	Ø	P
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiq'al	D 1-abs 2-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	2	2	NP-instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiq'al	D 3-erg 1-lat 2-abs abs[2].V'caus	Derived	3	2	NP-abs & abs.V
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	jurriya (gagba)	B 1-abs 2-dat subj[1].V	Basic	2	2	NP-dat	X
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	alda	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	2	NP-acc	P
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	alda	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc causV'	Derived	3	2	NP-acc

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.