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  • Verb meanings 
      Show all Verb meanings or select one of the 80 core meanings:
    • ASK FOR
    • BE A HUNTER
    • BEAT
    • BE DRY
    • BE HUNGRY
    • BE SAD
    • BLINK
    • BOIL
    • BREAK
    • BRING
    • BUILD
    • BURN
    • CARRY
    • CLIMB
    • COOK
    • COUGH
    • COVER
    • CUT
    • DIE
    • DIG
    • DRESS
    • EAT
    • FEAR
    • FEEL COLD
    • FEEL PAIN
    • FILL
    • FOLLOW
    • FRIGHTEN
    • GIVE
    • GO
    • GRIND
    • HEAR
    • HELP
    • HIDE
    • HIT
    • HUG
    • JUMP
    • KILL
    • KNOW
    • LAUGH
    • LEAVE
    • LIKE
    • LIVE
    • LOAD
    • LOOK AT
    • MEET
    • NAME
    • PEEL
    • PLAY
    • POUR
    • PUSH
    • PUT
    • RAIN
    • ROLL
    • RUN
    • SAY
    • SCREAM
    • SEARCH FOR
    • SEE
    • SEND
    • SHAVE (a body part/person)
    • SHOUT AT
    • SHOW
    • SING
    • SINK
    • SIT
    • SIT DOWN
    • SMELL
    • STEAL
    • TAKE
    • TALK
    • TEACH
    • TEAR
    • TELL
    • THINK
    • THROW
    • TIE
    • TOUCH
    • WASH
    • WIPE
  • All Coding frames
  • Microroles
  • About 
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    • Data set for Even (zipped TSV files)
    • Data set for all languages (zipped TSV files)
    • Data set for all languages (zipped SQLite3 file)
  • Even
  • Verb forms 
      Show all 80 Verb forms or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
    • ASK FOR ulgim-
    • BE A HUNTER bujusemŋe bi-
    • BEAT pavul-
    • BE DRY ileŋ bi-
    • BE HUNGRY d’em-
    • BE SAD nabu-t
    • BLINK nimrun-
    • BOIL (no counterpart)
    • BREAK čelgel-
    • BRING em-u-
    • BUILD d’uŋna-, o-
    • BURN dur-
    • CARRY ŋal-
    • CLIMB oj-či-
    • COOK (no counterpart)
    • COUGH hiemken-
    • COVER das-
    • CUT mine-
    • DIE kö’ke-
    • DIG (no counterpart)
    • DRESS tet-, tet-u
    • EAT d’eb-
    • FEAR ŋel-
    • FEEL COLD iŋem-
    • FEEL PAIN en-
    • FILL miltere-mken-
    • FOLLOW bod-
    • FRIGHTEN ŋelu-ken
    • GIVE bö-
    • GO hör- (1)
    • GRIND (no counterpart)
    • HEAR (no counterpart)
    • HELP bel-
    • HIDE diken-
    • HIT ieč-
    • HUG kemni-
    • JUMP melun
    • KILL ma-
    • KNOW ha-
    • LAUGH inin-
    • LEAVE hör- (2)
    • LIKE ajav-
    • LIVE bi-(s)
    • LOAD in-u-
    • LOOK AT it- (1)
    • MEET baka-lda-
    • NAME gerbet-
    • PEEL n'aŋu-
    • PLAY evi-
    • POUR öŋke-
    • PUSH (no counterpart)
    • PUT ne-
    • RAIN udn-
    • ROLL hirun-
    • RUN tut-
    • SAY gö’n-
    • SCREAM kuni-
    • SEARCH FOR gele-t
    • SEE it- (2)
    • SEND hör-u-
    • SHAVE (a body part/person) hus-
    • SHOUT AT irka
    • SHOW ič-uken-
    • SING ike-
    • SINK hir-
    • SIT tege-t-
    • SIT DOWN teg-
    • SMELL ŋosu-t-
    • STEAL d’örmi-
    • TAKE ga-
    • TALK t’öre-
    • TEACH (no counterpart)
    • TEAR atal-
    • TELL gö’n-
    • THINK mulgat-
    • THROW ule-
    • TIE ön’e-
    • TOUCH huŋri-
    • WASH av-
    • WIPE tes-
  • Coding frames
  • Coding sets
  • Alternations
  • Examples

Basic Coding frame

1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V.subj[1]
# Coding set Argument type
1 NP-nom V.subj A
2 NP-acc P
3 NP-abl X
Derived Coding frames via
1&3-nom 2-acc recV'.subj[1&3]
Indirect Reciprocal
2-nom 3-abl medV'.subj[2]
Mediopassive
2-nom 1-dat 3-abl advV'.subj[2]
Adversative Passive
2-nom 3-abl resV'.subj[2]
Resultative
1&2-nom 3-abl recV'.subj[1&2]
Direct Reciprocal

Verb forms with this basic Coding frame

Verb form Verb meaning Microrole 1 Microrole 2 Microrole 3
ga- TAKE taker taken thing taking source
diken- HIDE hider hidden thing hiding affectee
d’örmi- STEAL stealer stolen thing stealing source
atal- TEAR tearer torn thing tearing source
tes- WIPE wiper wiped material wiping surface
o- BUILD builder built thing building material
Logo_minerva     Cc-by
Valency Patterns Leipzig online database is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley
and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.