Language: Italian (Standard Italian)
Contributors: Michela Cennamo and Claudia Fabrizio
References: Cennamo et al. 2010.0; Cennamo 2011.0; Cennamo 2003.0; Lo Duca 2000.0; Cennamo 1995.0; Koontz-Garboden 2009.0; Devoto and Oli 2008.0; Baroni and Kilgariff 2006.0; Ježek 2005.0; Cennamo 2011.0; Cennamo 2010.0; Cennamo 2011.0; Cennamo 2011.0; Belletti and Rizzi 1988.0; Salvi and Vanelli 2004.0; Salvi 1988.0; Sorace 2000.0; Cennamo 1984.0; Cennamo 1993.0; De Mauro 2000.0; Peterson 2005.0; Polinsky 2008.0; D'Alessandro 2007.0; Coseriu 1971.0; Ježek 2003.0; Siller-Runggaldier 2003.0; Bentley 2008.0; Cennamo and Ježek 2010.0; Gaeta 2010.0; Cennamo 1997.0; Vincent 1988.0; Bentley 2006.0; Cennamo and Ježek 2011.0; Haspelmath 1987.0; Haspelmath 1993.0; Peterson 2006.0; Polinsky 2011.0; Cennamo 2014.0
Simplex verb
Verb meaning: CRY [cry]
Comment: The verb piangere marginally allows a peripheral argument/adjunct to occur as a core object argument, in an applicative-like pattern, as in Anna piange la morte dell'amico, the corresponding transitive pattern of Anna piange per la morte dell’amico, where an original peripheral argument/adjunct occurs as a core object argument, although the verb morphology does not change, unlike in canonical applicative constructions (WALS, chapter 109; Peterson 2005). In addition, in the transitive use the verb acquires a different sense, 'mourn'. In its intransitive, basic pattern, the verb is unergative, therefore selecting the auxiliary 'have' in compound tenses, and lack of past participle agreement with the S argument, either overtly expressed or understood, as in the impersonal reflexive construction.
Examples: see at the bottom
Schema: 1 > V.subj[1]
| # | Microrole | Coding set | Argument type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crier | V.subj | S |
| (456) |
Mario pianse di gioia. Mario Mario pians-e cry.PST-3SG di of gioi-a joy-F.SG Mario cried with joy. |
| Alternation | Derived coding frame | Occurs | Comment | # Ex. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (451) |
Anna piange per la morte dell'amico. Anna Anne piang-e cry-PRS.3SG per for la ART.DEF.F.SG mort-e death-F.SG de-ll'=amic-o of-ART.DEF.M.SG=friend-M.SG Anne is mourning her friend’s death. |
| (452) |
Anna piange la morte del suo amico. Anna Anne piang-e cry-PRS.3SG la ART.DEF.F.SG mort-e death-F.SG de-l of-ART.DEF.M.SG su-o her-M.SG amic-o friend-M.SG Anne is mourning her friend’s death. |
| (652) |
Anna pianse lacrime amare. Anna Anne pians-e cry.PST-3SG lacrim-e tear-F.PL amar-e hot-F.PL Anne wept bitter tears. Comment: The verb piangere also occurs, albeit rarely, with a cognate object. |
| (653) |
Anna pianse il suo amico per mesi. Anna Anne pians-e cry.PST-3SG il ART.DEF.M.SG su-o her-M.SG amic-o friend-M.SG per for mes-i month-M.PL Anne cried for her friend for months. |
| (807) |
Si piange ancora la sua morte. si IMP piang-e cry-PRS.3SG ancora still la ART.DEF.F.SG su-a his-F.SG mort-e death-F.SG One still cries/We/You/They (indef.) still mourn his death. |
