{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "ROLL (tr) [roll-tr]", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1136, "basic_codingframe_pk": 389, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Simplex", "comment": "There is another transitive verb k\u00e4ns 'roll up' (e.g. rolling up a mat) not included here.", "jsondata": {}, "id": "nenn1238-roll-tr-1", "name": "paes", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 1024, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1024, "jsondata": {}, "id": "nenn1238-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 26, "source": null}}], "label": "paes", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNOCA4IEgzMiBWMzIgSDggVjgiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiMwMEZGMDA7c3Ryb2tlOmJsYWNrO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6cm91bmQ7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luOnJvdW5kOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=", "language": {"macroarea": "Papunesia", "pk": 26, "glottocode": "nenn1238", "family_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "nenn1238", "name": "Nen", "description": "#### Characterization of flagging resources\n\nCase (ergative/absolutive), around 12 case suffixes. ERG/ABS neutralisation in\nsingular case forms of pronouns only.\n\n#### Characterization of indexing resources\n\nVerb indexes up to two arguments, undergoer by prefix and actor by suffix. Only\naround 25 verbs are morphologically intransitive: all but 4 of them belonging to\na special 'positional' class, the rest being 'be', 'come' (lit. hither-be), 'go'\n(lit. 'thither-be') and 'walk'. Other syntactically monovalent verbs use\na morphologically middle construction with a person/number-invariant prefix plus\na person/number sensitive suffix. The 'undergoer' verb prefixes are used for\nboth direct and indirect objects, though these are flagged by different cases\n(absolutive and dative) on the corresponding free NPs.\n\n#### Characterization of ordering resources\n\nWord order is predominantly SOV (i.e. APV), though with some flexibility allowed\nby discourse factors. However, in the very productive 'experiencer object'\nconstruction used for most physical sensations like pain or disease, however,\nthe order is PAV, i.e. the experiencer of the pain is generally placed first\ndespite the fact that on other grounds it is the undergoer: it takes absolutive\ncase and is cross-reference by the undergoer prefix.", "markup_description": "
Case (ergative/absolutive), around 12 case suffixes. ERG/ABS neutralisation in\nsingular case forms of pronouns only.
\nVerb indexes up to two arguments, undergoer by prefix and actor by suffix. Only\naround 25 verbs are morphologically intransitive: all but 4 of them belonging to\na special 'positional' class, the rest being 'be', 'come' (lit. hither-be), 'go'\n(lit. 'thither-be') and 'walk'. Other syntactically monovalent verbs use\na morphologically middle construction with a person/number-invariant prefix plus\na person/number sensitive suffix. The 'undergoer' verb prefixes are used for\nboth direct and indirect objects, though these are flagged by different cases\n(absolutive and dative) on the corresponding free NPs.
\nWord order is predominantly SOV (i.e. APV), though with some flexibility allowed\nby discourse factors. However, in the very productive 'experiencer object'\nconstruction used for most physical sensations like pain or disease, however,\nthe order is PAV, i.e. the experiencer of the pain is generally placed first\ndespite the fact that on other grounds it is the undergoer: it takes absolutive\ncase and is cross-reference by the undergoer prefix.
", "latitude": -8.581021, "longitude": 142.119141}, "name": "Nen"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [142.119141, -8.581021]}, "id": "nenn1238"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1510, "basic_codingframe_pk": 546, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Simplex", "comment": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "ital1282-roll-tr-1", "name": "rotolare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 1375, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1375, "jsondata": {}, "id": "ital1282-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 15, "source": null}}], "label": "rotolare", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6IzAwRkYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"macroarea": "Eurasia", "pk": 15, "glottocode": "ital1282", "family_pk": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "ital1282", "name": "Italian (Standard Italian)", "description": "#### General comment\n\nItalian is a nominative-accusative language, with some domains where the\nencoding of arguments follows an active and marginally an ergative patterning.\nThe syntactic function of arguments is signalled by agreement and word order for\nthe nuclear arguments of the clause, A and P. Recipients and other non-core and\nperipheral arguments (i.e., adjuncts) are expressed by means of prepositions.\n\n#### Characterization of flagging resources\n\nThere are no cases, apart from a residual accusative and dative form for clitic\npronouns, used, respectively, for core and non-core arguments (e.g., recipients,\nlocative adjuncts etc.). Most typically peripheral arguments, i.e., adjuncts,\nare coded through prepositional phrases.\n\n#### Characterization of indexing resources\n\nAgreement is always with the A/S argument in simple tenses. In compound tenses\nthere occurs split agreement when P is realized by a pronoun: the finite verb\nalways agrees with A, whilst the past participle agrees with the pronominal\nP (ergative orientation). S always agrees with the finite verb in simple tenses.\nIn compound tenses the past participle agrees with S if the verb is\nunaccusative, whilst it reverts to the unmarked masculine singular if the verb\nis unergative.\n\n#### Characterization of ordering resources\n\nSyntactically, Italian is an SVO language, characterized by pragmatic rigidity\nand relative syntactic freedom, with tension between the basic SV(O) order and\na pragmatic principle, whereby focal P arguments occur after the verb (Bentley\n2006: 363, 368-370, 2008 and references therein).\n\n#### Source of the data and generalizations/background of the contributor(s)\n\nDictionaries, scientific literature, naturalistic written examples, constructed\nby native speaker linguists, the Online Corpus of Written Italian ItWac (Baroni\n& Kilgariff 2006).", "markup_description": "Italian is a nominative-accusative language, with some domains where the\nencoding of arguments follows an active and marginally an ergative patterning.\nThe syntactic function of arguments is signalled by agreement and word order for\nthe nuclear arguments of the clause, A and P. Recipients and other non-core and\nperipheral arguments (i.e., adjuncts) are expressed by means of prepositions.
\nThere are no cases, apart from a residual accusative and dative form for clitic\npronouns, used, respectively, for core and non-core arguments (e.g., recipients,\nlocative adjuncts etc.). Most typically peripheral arguments, i.e., adjuncts,\nare coded through prepositional phrases.
\nAgreement is always with the A/S argument in simple tenses. In compound tenses\nthere occurs split agreement when P is realized by a pronoun: the finite verb\nalways agrees with A, whilst the past participle agrees with the pronominal\nP (ergative orientation). S always agrees with the finite verb in simple tenses.\nIn compound tenses the past participle agrees with S if the verb is\nunaccusative, whilst it reverts to the unmarked masculine singular if the verb\nis unergative.
\nSyntactically, Italian is an SVO language, characterized by pragmatic rigidity\nand relative syntactic freedom, with tension between the basic SV(O) order and\na pragmatic principle, whereby focal P arguments occur after the verb (Bentley\n2006: 363, 368-370, 2008 and references therein).
\nDictionaries, scientific literature, naturalistic written examples, constructed\nby native speaker linguists, the Online Corpus of Written Italian ItWac (Baroni\n& Kilgariff 2006).
", "latitude": 43.0, "longitude": 12.0}, "name": "Italian (Standard Italian)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.0, 43.0]}, "id": "ital1282"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1613, "basic_codingframe_pk": 670, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Simplex", "comment": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "chhi1245-roll-tr-1", "name": "k\u0268r", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 1462, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1462, "jsondata": {}, "id": "chhi1245-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 5, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 5, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u0268r", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGRkYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"macroarea": "Eurasia", "pk": 5, "glottocode": "chhi1245", "family_pk": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "chhi1245", "name": "Chintang", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 26.947628, "longitude": 87.211189}, "name": "Chintang"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [87.211189, 26.947628]}, "id": "chhi1245"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2017, "basic_codingframe_pk": 709, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Simplex", "comment": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "emai1241-roll-tr-1", "name": "gbulu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 1811, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1811, "jsondata": {}, "id": "emai1241-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 7, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 7, "source": null}}], "label": "gbulu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGRkZGRjtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"macroarea": "Africa", "pk": 7, "glottocode": "emai1241", "family_pk": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "emai1241", "name": "Emai", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.08333333333, "longitude": 5.91666666667}, "name": "Emai"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.91666666667, 7.08333333333]}, "id": "emai1241"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2643, "basic_codingframe_pk": 860, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Complex", "comment": "regular causative of balak'. The stem balak't is formally extraversive, but semantically a variant of the causative.", "jsondata": {}, "id": "yuca1254-roll-tr-1", "name": "balak'es", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 2359, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2359, "jsondata": {}, "id": "yuca1254-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 35, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2644, "basic_codingframe_pk": 860, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Complex", "comment": "Formally extraversive, but semantically causative of balak'.", "jsondata": {}, "id": "yuca1254-roll-tr-2", "name": "balak't", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 2359, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2359, "jsondata": {}, "id": "yuca1254-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 35, "source": null}}], "label": "balak'es, balak't", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMiAzNiBMMzggMzYgTDIwIDUgTDIgMzYiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiMwMDk5MDA7c3Ryb2tlOmJsYWNrO3N0cm9rZS13aWR0aDoxcHg7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVjYXA6cm91bmQ7c3Ryb2tlLWxpbmVqb2luOnJvdW5kOyIvPgo8L3N2Zz4=", "language": {"macroarea": "North America", "pk": 35, "glottocode": "yuca1254", "family_pk": 22, "jsondata": {}, "id": "yuca1254", "name": "Yucatec Maya (dialect of Quintana Roo, zona maya)", "description": "#### Characterization of indexing resources\n\nSubject indexing is the same for all intransitive verbs. It varies as\nconditioned by verb status (a conjugation category).", "markup_description": "Subject indexing is the same for all intransitive verbs. It varies as\nconditioned by verb status (a conjugation category).
", "latitude": 19.33, "longitude": -88.47}, "name": "Yucatec Maya (dialect of Quintana Roo, zona maya)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [271.53, 19.33]}, "id": "yuca1254"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2862, "basic_codingframe_pk": 1011, "original_script": null, "simplex_or_complex": "Simplex", "comment": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "hokk1249-roll-tr-1", "name": "korogas-u", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "valueset_pk": 2553, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2553, "jsondata": {}, "id": "hokk1249-roll-tr", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 12, "parameter_pk": 126, "contribution_pk": 12, "source": null}}], "label": "korogas-u", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0NDQ0NDQztzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"macroarea": "Eurasia", "pk": 12, "glottocode": "hokk1249", "family_pk": 9, "jsondata": {}, "id": "hokk1249", "name": "Hokkaido Japanese", "description": "#### General comment\n\nBrief description of the Hokkaido dialect of Japanese\n\nIn this database, the Hokkaido dialect is used to refer to the variety of\nJapanese spoken in the northern island Hokkaido and the islands around Hokkaido.\nAccording to Ono & Okuda (1999), Japanese speakers begin to settle on the\ncoastal area of southern Hokkaido from the late 16th century. Most of the\npopulation in those days came from the northern Tohoku region. From the mid 19th\ncentury to mid 20th century, intensive immigration to Hokkaido took place from\nall the part of Japan. However, in this case, too, the majority (around 40%)\ncame from Tohoku (Ono & Okuda 1999). Consequently, the Hokkaido Dialect has\ninherited a considerable number of features from the northern Tohoku dialects.\n\nThe Hokkaido dialect has no written tradition, but some sentences reflecting\nthis dialect appear in the modern Japanese literature. The most famous example\nis the conversational part of Kanikosen 'The Crab Canning Ship' written by\nTakiji Kobayashi in 1929.\n\nThe population of Hokkaido is 5,502,944 (June 30th, 2011). However, the exact\nnumber of speakers of the Hokkaido dialect is unknown.\n\nThe Hokkaido dialect is classified as one of the eastern varieties of Japanese\ndialects and it is subdivided into the coastal variety and the inland variety.\nThe coastal variety preserves lots of characteristics of the Tohoku dialects,\nsuch as the imperative use of the conditional inflection, neutralization of /i/\nand /e/, intervocalic voicing of /k/ and /t/, spotaneous voice morphology with\n/rasar/, and so on. Certain inland dialects are reported to preserve some degree\nof dialectal features of their region of origin (Suga 2011). For example, the\ndialect spoken in Hombetsu (Nakagawa district, Tokachi) has the copula ja/zja,\nfound in the Tokushima dialect spoken in the Shikoku island. According to\nIshigaki (1976), the inland variety underwent influence from the coastal\nvariety, even though the origin of the population is not the same as that of the\ncoastal variety. The most important grammatical feature of the Hokkaido dialect\nfor this database is the existence of anticausativization with /rasar/\nsuffixation. This grammatical phenomenon is found in both varieties.\n\nThe most notable feature of this dialect is the voice system. Standard Japanese\nhas three productive voice suffixes, i.e., passive, potential and causative. On\nthe other hand, the Hokkaido dialect has four productive voice suffixes: passive\n/rare/ (traditionally, /rae/), potential /e/ or /rare/ (traditionally, /-ni\ni:/), causative /sase/ (traditionally, /rase/ or /rahe/) and spontaneous\n/rasar/. The spontaneous suffix /rasar/ is used as a marker for\nanticausativization. For the details of anticausativization in the Hokkaido\ndialect, see Sasaki & Yamazaki (2006).\n\nDue to the existence of productive antucausative morphology, the Hokkaido\ndialect displays different characteristics of the transitivity alternation from\nthat of Standard Japanese. Concerning transitivization, both Standard Japanese\nand the Hokkaido dialect have lexical and morphological causativization. For\nexample, ak-u 'open.INTR-NPST' -- ake-ru 'open.TR-NPST' and hasir-u 'run-NPST'\n-- hasir-ase-ru 'run-CAUS-NPST'. On the other hand, concerning\nintransitivization, they show difference. Standard Japanese has only lexical\nanticausativization, such as or-u 'break.TR-NPST' -- ore-ru 'break.INTR-NPST'.\nThe Hokkaido dialect has both lexical and morphological anticausativization,\ne.g., or-u 'break.TR-NPST' -- ore-ru 'break.INTR-NPST' and nur-u 'paint-NPST' --\nnur-asar-u 'paint-SP-NPST (become painted)'.\n\nThe data in this database is obtained from a relatively younger speaker in his\n30s, whose speech has lost some traditional dialectal features such as\nneutralization of /i/ and /e/ and intervocalic voicing of /k/ and /t/. However,\nanticausativization remains active in his speech.", "markup_description": "Brief description of the Hokkaido dialect of Japanese
\nIn this database, the Hokkaido dialect is used to refer to the variety of\nJapanese spoken in the northern island Hokkaido and the islands around Hokkaido.\nAccording to Ono & Okuda (1999), Japanese speakers begin to settle on the\ncoastal area of southern Hokkaido from the late 16th century. Most of the\npopulation in those days came from the northern Tohoku region. From the mid 19th\ncentury to mid 20th century, intensive immigration to Hokkaido took place from\nall the part of Japan. However, in this case, too, the majority (around 40%)\ncame from Tohoku (Ono & Okuda 1999). Consequently, the Hokkaido Dialect has\ninherited a considerable number of features from the northern Tohoku dialects.
\nThe Hokkaido dialect has no written tradition, but some sentences reflecting\nthis dialect appear in the modern Japanese literature. The most famous example\nis the conversational part of Kanikosen 'The Crab Canning Ship' written by\nTakiji Kobayashi in 1929.
\nThe population of Hokkaido is 5,502,944 (June 30th, 2011). However, the exact\nnumber of speakers of the Hokkaido dialect is unknown.
\nThe Hokkaido dialect is classified as one of the eastern varieties of Japanese\ndialects and it is subdivided into the coastal variety and the inland variety.\nThe coastal variety preserves lots of characteristics of the Tohoku dialects,\nsuch as the imperative use of the conditional inflection, neutralization of /i/\nand /e/, intervocalic voicing of /k/ and /t/, spotaneous voice morphology with\n/rasar/, and so on. Certain inland dialects are reported to preserve some degree\nof dialectal features of their region of origin (Suga 2011). For example, the\ndialect spoken in Hombetsu (Nakagawa district, Tokachi) has the copula ja/zja,\nfound in the Tokushima dialect spoken in the Shikoku island. According to\nIshigaki (1976), the inland variety underwent influence from the coastal\nvariety, even though the origin of the population is not the same as that of the\ncoastal variety. The most important grammatical feature of the Hokkaido dialect\nfor this database is the existence of anticausativization with /rasar/\nsuffixation. This grammatical phenomenon is found in both varieties.
\nThe most notable feature of this dialect is the voice system. Standard Japanese\nhas three productive voice suffixes, i.e., passive, potential and causative. On\nthe other hand, the Hokkaido dialect has four productive voice suffixes: passive\n/rare/ (traditionally, /rae/), potential /e/ or /rare/ (traditionally, /-ni\ni:/), causative /sase/ (traditionally, /rase/ or /rahe/) and spontaneous\n/rasar/. The spontaneous suffix /rasar/ is used as a marker for\nanticausativization. For the details of anticausativization in the Hokkaido\ndialect, see Sasaki & Yamazaki (2006).
\nDue to the existence of productive antucausative morphology, the Hokkaido\ndialect displays different characteristics of the transitivity alternation from\nthat of Standard Japanese. Concerning transitivization, both Standard Japanese\nand the Hokkaido dialect have lexical and morphological causativization. For\nexample, ak-u 'open.INTR-NPST' -- ake-ru 'open.TR-NPST' and hasir-u 'run-NPST'\n-- hasir-ase-ru 'run-CAUS-NPST'. On the other hand, concerning\nintransitivization, they show difference. Standard Japanese has only lexical\nanticausativization, such as or-u 'break.TR-NPST' -- ore-ru 'break.INTR-NPST'.\nThe Hokkaido dialect has both lexical and morphological anticausativization,\ne.g., or-u 'break.TR-NPST' -- ore-ru 'break.INTR-NPST' and nur-u 'paint-NPST' --\nnur-asar-u 'paint-SP-NPST (become painted)'.
\nThe data in this database is obtained from a relatively younger speaker in his\n30s, whose speech has lost some traditional dialectal features such as\nneutralization of /i/ and /e/ and intervocalic voicing of /k/ and /t/. However,\nanticausativization remains active in his speech.
", "latitude": 43.691708, "longitude": 142.866211}, "name": "Hokkaido Japanese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [142.866211, 43.691708]}, "id": "hokk1249"}]}