Alternation ‘Recipient/Goal/Location Alternation 2’ (Uncoded)

The recipient/goal/location alternation concerns the following verbs, ‘to give’, ‘to throw’, ‘to bring’, and ‘to send’. With the verb ‘to give’, the recipient is marked either with the Lative (for permanent transfer of possession) or with the Poss-essive (for temporary transfer of possession). Additionally, the recipient can be marked with the Poss-lative for non-permanent transfer, but this version occurs only very occasionally. With the verb ‘to throw’, the goal argument can be marked either with the Apud-essive or the Lative or the Poss-essive. Each encoding has a slightly different meaning. An inanimate location argument is marked with the appropriate Essive. With the verbs ‘to bring’ and ‘to send’, the recipient is either marked with the Lative (for permanent transfer) or with the Apudessive (for temporary transfer).