Alternation ‘Locative applicative II (superessive) (+ha)’ (Coded)

The locative applicative ha- is often used as a valency-increasing operation. When added to the verb it opens up an undergoer slot for a location/goal-like argument. (e.g. waxų 'pour sth.' --> hawaxų 'pour sth. on(to) somewhere'); In cases where verbs already possess a slot for a locational argument the meaning of this location is merely changed and the valency of the verb not increased (e.g. kere 'put sth. somewhere' --> hokere 'put sth. on somewhere')

Verb Meaning Verb form Basic coding frame Derived coding frame Occurs Comment # Ex.