wiper

Microroles of
WIPE

wiper

wiped material

wiping surface

wipe beneficiary

wipe causer

wipe goal

wipe instrument

38 Verb forms in 32 Languages (72 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (WIPE)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	D 1 2 4 und[4].und[2].act[1].V'ben	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	D 1 2 5 und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	D 6 1 2 und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	3	1	obj:und.V
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	saapu	B 1 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	cā	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	tʼᶿəkʷ-t	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1	Basic	2	2	V.sbj	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	jee	B 1 > V 2 (kè+3)	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Ainu	Asia	isolate	nu-w-e (SG)/nú-pa (PL)	B 1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	subj.V	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	píchóuáco	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kalọ	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	läns	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-loc und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-erg & V.act	A
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	wipe	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc > LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	wunyu ganimangu	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	fíta	B 1 > 2 > V	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	masaḥa	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʿan+3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	tes-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	(a⁴-)bed⁰ (S-O-bed-pl)	B 1 2 (3-abl) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	liftun	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	tu’ute	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	nù	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	D 1/2 act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	2	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	D 1 2 (LOC)3 und[3].und[2].act[1].V'loc	Derived	3	1	act.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	cho'	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	sbj.V	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	púus	B sbj[1].V 1	Basic	1	1	sbj.V	S
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	vyteretʹ	D 1-nom obV'.subj[1] 3-acc	Derived	2	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	vyteretʹ	D 1-nom V'sja.subj[1]	Derived	1	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	waža	B 1 2 und[2].act[1].V	Basic	2	1	act.V	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	hug-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	nugu:	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	vyteretʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc s+3-gen	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.subj	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	vyteretʹ	D 2-nom V'sja.subj[2] s+3-gen (1-instr)	Derived	3	1	NP-instr
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	vyteretʹ	D 1-nom negV'.subj[1] 2-gen s+3-gen	Derived	3	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	hukitoru	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	makʰɾel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat 3-abl V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	tes-	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-abl advV'.subj[2]	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	wischen	D 1-nom V'.subj[1]	Derived	1	1	NP-nom V.subj
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yaⁿcolal	B 1-erg LOC2 3-abs abs[3].V	Basic	3	1	NP-erg	A
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	tɨk	B 1-erg 2-abs V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.agt	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	wischen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	wischen	D 1-nom V'.subj[1] 4-dat 2-acc LOC3	Derived	4	1	NP-nom V.subj
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þurrka	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (af+3-dat)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.agr	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	píchóuáco	D 1/2-nom 3-abl V'meí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yaⁿcolal	D 1-abs LOC2 3-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	3	1	NP-abs & abs.V
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kalọ	D 1 > V' > 2 > lí+3	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kalọ	D 1 > re+4 > V' > 2	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kalọ	D 1 > V' > 2 > vbi+6+re	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kalọ	D 1 > V' > 2 > o+vbi+5	Derived	3	1	Ø
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	hug-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	nugu:	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	hug-u	D 1-exp 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	nugu:	D 1-exp 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (da+3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	wischen	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat) LOC3	Derived	3	1	von+NP-dat
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (da+3) (daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > da+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	D siPassV' (da+1)	Derived	1	1	da+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (da+3) a+1	Derived	4	1	a+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	púus	D sbj[1].V'extra.obj[3] 3 1	Derived	2	1	sbj.V
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u (2)	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u (2)	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-dat/niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u (2)	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u (2)	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	lap	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yaⁿcolal	D 4-erg 1-instr LOC2 3-abs abs[3].V'caus	Derived	4	1	NP-instr
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	púust	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	sbj.V	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	púust	D sbj[1].V'intro 1	Derived	1	1	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	cho'	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1)	Derived	2	1	tumen+NP
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	tesi-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	púust	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1)	Derived	2	1	tumen+NP
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	kóŋkoŋ	B 1 > 2 > V > LOC3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	huk-u	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	píchóuáco	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-abl V'tso	Derived	4	1	NP-acc
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	píchóuáco	D 1/2-nom 3-abl V'jcatsí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	hukitoru	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	pulire	D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (da+3)	Derived	2	1	V.subj
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	dakkda	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	dakkda	D 2-nom 1-dat passV'	Derived	2	1	NP-dat

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.