tier

Microroles of
TIE

tier

tied thing

tying goal

tying instrument

tie beneficiary

tie causer

45 Verb forms in 36 Languages (77 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (TIE)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	rusgic	D 6 1 2 und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	3	1	obj:und.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	rusgic	D 1 2 4 und[4].und[2].act[1].V'ben	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	rusgic	D 1 2 5 und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	3	1	act.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	binda	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat) (við+4-acc)	Basic	4	1	NP-nom & V.agr	A
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (a+3) (con+4)	Basic	4	1	V.subj	A
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nkā-x-īką́ʔ	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 jiʔį̄+3 lóʔō+4	Basic	4	1	Ø	A
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	shuān	B 1 > ba+2 > V > zài+3-loc	Basic	3	1	Ø	S
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	qʼis-i-t	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1 (obl-3)	Basic	3	2	V.sbj	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	fëi	B 1 > V 2 (LOC3) (ngê+4)	Basic	4	1	Ø	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	chijchú	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	din	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	gba	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tunagu	B 1-nom (2-instr) 3-loc 4-acc V	Basic	4	1	NP-nom	A
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	sns	B 1-erg 2-abs und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.act	A
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	tie	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc > LOC3 ( > with+4)	Basic	4	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	negul	B 1 V 2 aji+3 ke+4	Basic	4	1	Ø	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	dirrg ganarrany	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V 3-instr 4-loc	Basic	4	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	dibird ganangu	B 1-erg 2-abs LOC3 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	siti	B 1 > 2 > V > 3+bala > 4+la	Basic	4	1	Ø	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ön’e-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	trarün	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	trapelün	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	suma	B 1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	dè	B 1 fi+2 V 3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	privjazatʹ	D 1-nom obV'.subj[1] 3-acc (4-instr)	Derived	3	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	rusgic	D 1/2 act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	2	1	act.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ax	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 (ti'+3) (yéetel+4) 1	Basic	4	1	sbj.V	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	privjazatʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc k+3-dat (4-instr)	Basic	4	1	NP-nom & V.subj	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	rusgic	B 1 2 und[2].act[1].V	Basic	2	1	act.V	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunang-u	B 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	kapel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat LOC3 V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	privjazatʹ	D 1-nom negV'.subj[1] 2-gen k+3-dat (4-instr)	Derived	4	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	privjazatʹ	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] k+3-dat (4-instr)/(1-instr)	Derived	4	1	NP-instr
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	anbinden	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ön’e-	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-loc advV'.subj[2]	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunag-u	B 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	aŋ⁷-k⁵-t~a⁰ (S-aŋ-O-k-t-pl)	B 1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiⁿcal	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-instr LOC4 abs[2].V	Basic	4	1	NP-erg	A
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	dkobidood	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	1	subjA.V	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	anbinden	D 1-nom V'.subj[1] 3-dat 2-acc	Derived	3	1	NP-nom V.subj
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiⁿcal	D 1-abs 3-instr 4-loc abs[1].V'antip	Derived	3	1	NP-abs & abs.V
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	anbinden	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat)	Derived	2	1	von+NP-dat
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	chud	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-erg 4-loc V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	4	1	NP-erg & V.agt	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	chijchú	D 1/2-nom 3-abl V'meí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	dkobinaad	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2 (3)	Basic	3	1	subjA.V	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	gba íì	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiⁿcal	D 5-erg 1-instr 2-abs 3-instr LOC4 abs[2].V'caus	Derived	5	1	NP-instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yiⁿcal	D 1-poss 2-abs 3-instr LOC4 abs[2].V'pot	Derived	4	1	NP-poss
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	gba	D 1 > V' > 2 > lí+3	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	din	D 1 > re+4 > V' > 2	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	gba	D 1 > V' > 2 > o+vbi+5	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	din	D 1 > V' > 2 > o+vbi+5	Derived	3	1	Ø
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunang-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'rase	Derived	4	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunang-u	D 1-exp (2-dat) 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunang-u	D 3-nom 2-dat (1-loc) V'pass	Derived	3	1	NP-loc
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (a+3) (con+4) (daParteDi+1)	Derived	4	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] (a+3) (con+4) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	4	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	D 5 > causV'.subj[5] > 2 (a+3) (con+4) da+1	Derived	5	1	da+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	D siPassV' (a+3) (con+4) (da+1)	Derived	3	1	da+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	legare	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > a+3) ( > con+4)	Derived	4	1	V.subj
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunag-u	D 3-nom 1-niyotte 2-dat V'pass	Derived	3	1	NP-niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunag-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	Derived	4	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tunag-u	D 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	ikat	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ax	D sbj[1].V'intro 1	Derived	1	1	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ax	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) (ti'+3) (yéetel+4)	Derived	4	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	k'ax	D sbj[1/2].V' (ti'+3) (yéetel+4)	Derived	4	1	sbj.V
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	ui-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-dat V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	ǁʼngke	B 1 V 2 ng+3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	ikkath (2)	B 1 2-acc 3-dat V	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	binda	D 1/2-nom rcpV'.agr[1/2] hvort öðru	Derived	2	1	NP-nom & V.agr
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	curu	B 1 > V 2 (LOC3)	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Ainu	Asia	isolate	kot-e	B 1 2 LOC3 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	chijchú	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-abl V'tso	Derived	4	1	NP-acc
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	chijchú	D 1/2-nom 3-abl V'jcatsí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ön’e-	D 1&2-nom 3-loc recV'.subj[1&2]	Derived	3	1	NP-nom V.subj
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	wmbaes	B 1-erg 2-abs und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.act	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	so (3)	B 1 fi+2 V 3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tunagu	D 1-nom (2-instr) 3-loc 4-acc V'pot	Derived	4	1	NP-nom
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	mukkda	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	rabaṭa	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (ʾilâ+3) (bi+4)	Basic	4	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	mukkda	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-loc passV'	Derived	3	1	NP-dat

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.