pusher

Microroles of
PUSH

pusher

pushee

pushing goal

push beneficiary

push instrument

push causer

39 Verb forms in 33 Languages (67 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (PUSH)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 1 2 4 (LOC3) und[4].und[2].act[1].V'ben	Derived	4	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 1 2 5 (LOC3) und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	4	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 6 1 2 (LOC3) und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	4	1	obj:und.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 1/2 (LOC3) act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 1 2 (LOC)3 und[3].und[2].act[1].V'loc	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	D 6/1 2 (LOC3) und[2].act[6/1].V'caus	Derived	4	1	act.V
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 ( > LOC3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj	A
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	tuī	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	ǰuθ-u-t	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1	Basic	2	2	V.sbj	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	sùù	B 1 > V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	sua	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	osu	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	wédéḡés	B 1-erg 2-abs und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.act	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	durl ganuga	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	pelün	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	yu’a	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-dir V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	tì	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	léench'int	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3	Basic	3	1	sbj.V	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	tolknutʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (LOC3)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.subj	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hawają	B 1 2 (LOC3) und[2].act[1].V	Basic	3	1	act.V	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	hɾel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat LOC3 V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	daḥara	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc LOC3	Basic	3	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	waaó	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	thoolak	B 1 2-acc 3-dat V	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	stoßen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schieben	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schubsen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	teːl⁷-t~a⁰ (S-teːl-O-t-pl)	B 1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u (2)	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	zistuqlal	B 1-erg 2-abs abs[2].V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg	A
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	gaandnaad	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	1	subjA.V	A
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	gaandnang	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	1	subjA.V	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schieben	D 1-nom V'.subj[1] 4-dat 2-acc LOC3	Derived	4	1	NP-nom V.subj
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	stoßen	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat) LOC3	Derived	3	1	von+NP-dat
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schieben	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat) LOC3	Derived	3	1	von+NP-dat
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schubsen	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat) LOC3	Derived	3	1	von+NP-dat
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	tol	B 1-erg 2-abs V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.agt	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	waaó	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-all V'tso	Derived	4	1	NP-acc
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	ýta	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat (í+3-acc)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.agr	S
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	waaó	D 1/2-nom 3-all V'meí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	zistuqlal	D 3-erg 1-instr 2-abs abs[2].V'caus	Derived	3	1	NP-instr
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	sua	D 1 > V' > 2 > lí+3	Derived	3	1	Ø
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	sua	D 1 > V' > 2 > ye+5	Derived	3	1	Ø
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 1-exp 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 2-nom (1-loc/dat) V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-loc/dat
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (LOC3)	Derived	2	1	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (LOC3) a+1	Derived	4	1	a+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > LOC3)	Derived	3	1	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	spingere	D siPassV' (LOC3) (da+1)	Derived	2	1	da+NP
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-dat/niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u (2)	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	os-u (2)	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	dorong	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	léench'int	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) LOC3	Derived	3	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	léench'int	D sbj[1/2].V' LOC3	Derived	3	1	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	tul	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) LOC3	Derived	3	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	tul	D sbj[1/2].V' LOC3	Derived	3	1	sbj.V
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	ana-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	ǂʼhaqa	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	tul	D sbj[1].V' LOC3 1	Derived	2	1	sbj.V
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	zistuqlal	D 1-abs 2-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	2	1	NP-abs & abs.V
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	ñori	B 1 > 2 > V	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Ainu	Asia	isolate	oputuy-e (SG)/ oputuy-pa (PL)	B 1 2 LOC3 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	waaó	D 1/2-nom (3-all) V'jcatsí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	tul	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	sbj.V	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	osu	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	push	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc > LOC3	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	milda	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-dir V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	milda	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-dir passV'	Derived	3	1	NP-dat

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.