hitter

Microroles of
HIT

hitter

hittee

hitting instrument

hit causer

hit location

47 Verb forms in 35 Languages (77 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (HIT)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hapa	D 6 1 2 und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	3	1	obj:und.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hapa	D 1 2 5 und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	3	1	act.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	slá	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.agr	A
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (con+3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj	A
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nkā-rá	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 (lóʔō+3)	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	dǎ	B 1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	səpʼ-t	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1	Basic	2	2	V.sbj	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	fîda	B 1 > V 2 (ngê+3)	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Ainu	Asia	isolate	kik	B 1 2 (3+ani) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	hit	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc ( > with+3)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	nglempag	B 1 V 2 aji+3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	ganima	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	laṭama	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ieč-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	ted⁰ (S-O-ted-pl)	B 1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	1	subj.V	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	trawawün	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1 3+mew	Basic	3	1	V.subj	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	beeba	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	gbá	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	gms	B 1-erg 2-abs (3-abl) und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-erg & V.act	A
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	búsa (1)	B 1 > 2 > V > 3+la	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	ḍaraba	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3)	Basic	3	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	tasta	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hapa	D 1/2 act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	2	1	act.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	hats'	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3)	Basic	3	1	sbj.V	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	koh	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3)	Basic	3	1	sbj.V	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	udaritʹ	D 1-nom V'sja.subj[1] (3-instr)	Derived	2	1	NP-nom & V.subj
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	udaritʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr)	Basic	3	1	NP-nom & V.subj	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hapa	B 1 2 und[2].act[1].V	Basic	2	1	act.V	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (1)	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	haɾvacel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat (3-instr) V.subj[1]	Basic	3	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schlagen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	udaritʹ	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (3-instr)/(1-instr)	Derived	3	1	NP-instr
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tataku	B 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (2)	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ieč-	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-instr advV'.subj[2]	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Even	Asia	Tungusic	ieč-	D 1&2-nom 3-instr recV'.subj[1&2]	Derived	3	1	NP-nom V.subj
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	B 1-erg 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V	Basic	3	1	NP-erg	A
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	schlagen	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (von+1-dat)	Derived	2	1	von+NP-dat
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	ten	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-erg V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	3	1	NP-erg & V.agt	A
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	slá	D 1/2-nom rcpV'.agr[1/2]	Derived	2	1	NP-nom & V.agr
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 1/2-nom 3-loc/instr V'meí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	fi (1)	B 1 > V > 2 > 3 > vbi+4	Basic	4	1	Ø	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 4-erg 1-instr 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'caus	Derived	4	1	NP-instr
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 1/2-nom 3-loc/instr V'jcatsí	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-abs 2-lat 3-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	3	1	NP-abs & abs.V
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-erg 2-abs 3-instr abs[2].V'	Derived	3	1	NP-erg
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-poss 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-poss
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	fi (1)	D 1 > V' > 2 > 3	Derived	3	1	Ø
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (3)	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc (3-instr) V'rase	Derived	4	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (1)	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 1-exp 2-acc (3-instr) V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (1)	D 1-exp 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	bukkurase-ru (1)	D 2-nom (1-loc/dat) V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-loc/dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 2-nom (3-instr) (1-loc) V'pass	Derived	3	1	NP-loc
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (con+3) (daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > con+3)	Derived	3	1	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (con+3) a+1	Derived	4	1	a+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	urtare	D siPassV' (con+3) (da+1)	Derived	2	1	da+NP
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	gebuk	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	hats'	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	hats'	D sbj[1/2].V' (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	1	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	koh	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	koh	D sbj[1/2].V' (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	1	sbj.V
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	ikte-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	chëi	B 1 > V 2 (ngê+3)	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	ǂamʼa	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	hats'	D sbj[1].V' (yéetel+3) 1	Derived	2	1	sbj.V
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	puukul	B 1 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	pukul	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	ǀkxʼaike	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-loc/instr V'tso	Derived	4	1	NP-acc
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nkā-rá	D V' 1 jiʔį̄+2	Derived	2	1	Ø
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	ko̩lù	B 1 fi+2 V 3	Basic	3	1	Ø	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus	Derived	4	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte 3-instr V'pass	Derived	3	1	NP-dat/niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tataku	D 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	1	NP-nom
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	chida	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	ttaerida	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V	Basic	3	1	NP-nom	A

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.