helper

Microroles of
HELP

helper

helpee

help causer

40 Verb forms in 36 Languages (65 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (HELP)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	gijire	D 6 1 2 und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	3	1	obj:und.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	hjálpa	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat	Basic	2	1	NP-nom & V.agr	S
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	banthu	B 1 2-dat V	Basic	2	1	Ø	S
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nkwi-tyā-tyūkwá	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	ske-ru	B 1-nom 2-dat V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	S
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	bāngzhù	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Sliammon	Americas	Salish	čʼag-a-t	B V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1	Basic	2	2	V.sbj	A
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	ciiwi	B 1 > V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Ainu	Asia	isolate	kasuy	B 1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	subj.V	A
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	pɨ́aabó	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	kpayẹ óbọ̀	B 1 > V > 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tetudau	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	wetrs	B 1-erg 2-obl und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.act	X
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	help	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	nulungin	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	helpim ganangu	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg subj.V	A
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	máakóyi	B 1 > 2 > V	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	sāʿada	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc	Basic	2	1	V.subj NP-nom	A
Even	Asia	Tungusic	bel-	B 1-nom 2-acc V.subj[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	A
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	pomočʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat	Basic	2	1	NP-nom & V.subj	S
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	posovat⁷-k⁵-bed⁰ (S-pomagad-O-k-bed-pl )	B 1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	2	1	subj.V	A
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	kellun	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	V.subj	A
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	ania	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	ràn...ló̩wó̩	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	gijire	D 1/2 act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	2	1	act.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	áant	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1	Basic	2	1	sbj.V	A
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	gijire	D 6/1 2 und[2].act[6/1].V'caus	Derived	3	1	act.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	gijire	B 1 2 und[2].act[1].V	Basic	2	1	act.V	A
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	taske-ru	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	ognel	B 1-nom 2-dat V.subj[1]	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	S
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	2	1	daParteDi+NP
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	helfen	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat	Basic	2	1	NP-nom V.subj	S
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tasuke-ru	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tetuda(w)-u	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Ojibwe	Americas	Algonquian	naadmawaad	B 1 subjA[1].V.objI[2] 2	Basic	2	1	subjA.V	A
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	komak bowal	B 1-erg 2-lat V	Basic	2	1	NP-erg	X
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	helfen	D x-nom passV'.subj[x] 2-dat (von+1-dat)	Derived	2	1	von+NP-dat
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	phad	B 1-erg 2-abs V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	2	1	NP-erg & V.agt	A
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	hjálpa	D 1/2-nom rcpV'.agr[1/2] að	Derived	2	1	NP-nom & V.agr
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	pɨ́aabó	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-all V'tso	Derived	3	1	NP-acc
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	pɨ́aabó	D 1/2-nom V'jcatsí	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	komak bowal	D 3-erg 1-instr 2-lat V'caus	Derived	3	1	NP-instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	komak bowal	D 1-poss 2-lat V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-poss
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	taske-ru	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	ske-ru	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'rase	Derived	3	1	NP-acc
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	taske-ru	D 1-exp 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	ske-ru	D 1-exp 2-dat V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-exp
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	taske-ru	D 2-nom (1-loc/dat) V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-loc/dat
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D 1 > V'.subj[1]	Derived	1	1	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	2	1	daParteDi+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2]	Derived	2	1	V.subj
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 > a+1	Derived	3	1	a+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	aiutare	D siPassV' (da+1)	Derived	1	1	da+NP
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tasuke-ru	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-dat/niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tetuda(w)-u	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	2	1	NP-dat/niyotte
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tasuke-ru	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tetuda(w)-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause	Derived	3	1	NP-dat
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tetuda(w)-u	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	tolong	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Jakarta Indonesian	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	bantu	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	áant	D sbj[1].V'intro 1	Derived	1	1	sbj.V
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	áant	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1)	Derived	2	1	tumen+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	áant	D sbj[1/2].V'	Derived	2	1	sbj.V
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	bele-	B 1-nom 2-dat V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	S
Nǀǀng	Africa	Tuu	hui	B 1 V 2	Basic	2	1	Ø	A
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tasuke-ru	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	dowajuda	B 1-nom 2-acc V	Basic	2	1	NP-nom	A
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tetudau	D 1-nom 2-acc V'pot	Derived	2	1	NP-nom

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.