cover

Microroles of
COVER

coverer

covered thing

cover

cover-beneficiary

cover causer

cover instrument

34 Verb forms in 30 Languages (70 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (COVER)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	haruką	D 1 2 5 und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	3	5	obj:und.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	breiða	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc yfir+3-acc	Basic	3	2	NP-acc	P
Mandarin Chinese	Asia	Sino-Tibetan	gài(shàng)	B 1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3	Basic	3	2	yòng+NP	I
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	kasache	B 1 > V 2 (ngê+3)	Basic	3	3	ngê+NP	I
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	sache	B 1 > V 2 (ngê+3)	Basic	3	3	ngê+NP	I
Ainu	Asia	isolate	kamu-re	B 1 2 3 subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	3	Ø	X
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wátájcó	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-all) V	Basic	3	3	NP-all	L
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	kurumu	B 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V	Basic	3	3	NP-acc	P
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	wapars	B 1-erg 2-abs (3-abl) und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-abl	I
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	cover	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc ( > with+3)	Basic	3	3	with+NP	I
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	ngerurub	B 1 V 2 aji+3	Basic	3	3	aji+NP	I
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	bardbard ganarrany	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V 3-instr	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	múura	B 1 > 2 > V > 3+la	Basic	3	3	NP+la	I
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	ġaṭṭā	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3)	Basic	3	3	bi+NP	I
Even	Asia	Tungusic	das-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V.subj[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	ət⁷-k⁵-t~a⁰ (S-ət-O-k-t-pl)	B 1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Yaqui	Americas	Uto-Aztecan	patta	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	bò	B 1 fi+2 V 3	Basic	3	2	fi+NP	I
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	pix	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3)	Basic	3	3	yéetel+NP	I
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	nakrytʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr)	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kage-ru	B 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V	Basic	3	3	NP-acc	P
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	cackel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat (3-instr) V.subj[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nka-t-ākǫ́ʔ	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 (lóʔō+3)	Basic	3	3	lóʔō+NP	I
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	nakrytʹ	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (3-instr)/(1-instr)	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Even	Asia	Tungusic	das-	D 2-nom 3-instr medV'.subj[2]	Derived	2	3	NP-instr
Even	Asia	Tungusic	das-	D 2-nom 3-instr resV'.subj[2]	Derived	2	3	NP-instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	B 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V	Basic	3	3	NP-acc	P
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yoq'olal	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-sup abs[2].V	Basic	3	2	NP-sup	X
German	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	zudecken	D 4-nom V'.subj[4] 2-acc	Derived	2	4	NP-nom V.subj
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	bhukt	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-erg V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	3	3	NP-erg	I
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wátájcó	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-all V'tso	Derived	4	3	NP-all
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekja	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-dat á+3-acc	Basic	3	2	NP-dat	X
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekja	D 1-nom V'.agr[1] 3-acc með+2-dat	Derived	3	2	með +NP-dat
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wátájcó	D 1/2-nom 3-all V'meí	Derived	3	3	NP-all
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	þekja	D 2-nom V'.agr[2]	Derived	1	2	NP-nom & V.agr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yoq'olal	D 4-erg 1-instr 2-abs 3-sup abs[2].V'caus	Derived	4	2	NP-abs & abs.V
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	breiða	D 2-nom passV'.agr[2] yfir+3-acc	Derived	2	2	NP-nom & V.agr
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	kurumu	D 3-nom (2-instr) passV'	Derived	2	3	NP-nom
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kage-ru	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'rase	Derived	4	3	NP-acc
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kage-ru	D 1-exp (2-dat) 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-acc
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kage-ru	D 3-nom 2-dat (1-loc) V'pass	Derived	3	3	NP-nom
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (con+3)	Basic	3	3	con+NP	I
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (con+3) (daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > con+3)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (con+3) a+1	Derived	4	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D siPassV' (con+3) (da+1)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	coprire	D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > con+3)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	pix	D sbj[2].V'deag 2 (yéetel+3)	Derived	2	3	yéetel+NP
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	D 3-nom 1-niyotte 2-dat V'pass	Derived	3	3	NP-nom
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	Derived	4	3	NP-acc
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	D 2-nom 3-acc 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	Derived	3	3	NP-acc
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	D 3-nom 2-dat V'pot	Derived	2	3	NP-nom
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	kake-ru	D 1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-acc
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yoq'olal	D 1-abs 3-sup 2-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	3	2	NP-instr
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	pix	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	3	yéetel+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	pix	D sbj[1/2].V' (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	3	yéetel+NP
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	das-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	pix	D sbj[1].V' (yéetel+3) 1	Derived	2	3	yéetel+NP
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	thuuthup	B 1 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	3	NP-abl	I
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wátájcó	D 1/2-nom (3-all) V'jcatsí	Derived	3	3	NP-all
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wátájcó	D 3-nom 2-acc V'	Derived	2	3	NP-nom
Yorùbá	Africa	Niger-Congo	dé	B 1 fi+2 V 3	Basic	3	2	fi+NP	I
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	kurumu	D 3-nom V'decr	Derived	1	3	NP-nom
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	kurumu	D 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-acc
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	nakrytʹ	D 2-nom V'sja.subj[2] (3-instr)/(1-instr)	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	deopda	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V	Basic	3	2	NP-acc	P
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	deopda	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-loc passV'	Derived	3	2	NP-nom
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	deopda	D 2-nom 3-loc passperV'	Derived	2	2	NP-nom
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	deopda	D 1-nom 3-acc 2-instr V'	Derived	3	2	NP-instr

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.