beating instrument

Microroles of
BEAT

beater

beatee

beating instrument

beat beneficiary

beat causer

31 Verb forms in 28 Languages (65 Coding frames)

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Language	region	family	Verb form (BEAT)	Coding frame	derived	arg_count	Index #	Coding set	Argument type
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hojį	D 1 2 5 und[5].und[2].act[1].V'inst	Derived	3	5	obj:und.V
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hirojį	D 1 2 (3) 4 und[4].und[2].act[1].V'ben	Derived	4	3	Ø
Icelandic	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	lemja	B 1-nom V.agr[1] 2-acc (með+3-dat)	Basic	3	3	með +NP-dat	I
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	B 1 > V.subj[1] > 2 (con+3)	Basic	3	3	con+NP	I
Zenzontepec Chatino	Americas	Otomanguean	nka-ʔni	B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 jiʔį̄+3	Basic	3	2	jiʔį̄+NP	P
Xârâcùù	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	fîgai	B 1 > V 2 (ngê+3)	Basic	3	3	ngê+NP	I
Ainu	Asia	isolate	kik-kik	B 1 2 (3+ani) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	3	NP+ani	I
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-loc/instr) V	Basic	3	3	NP-loc/instr	I
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tataku	B 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V	Basic	3	2	NP-instr	I
Nen	Southeast Asia & Australia	Morehead	gms	B 1-erg 2-abs (3-abl) und[2].V.act[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-abl	I
English	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	beat	B 1-nom > V.subj[1] > 2-acc ( > with+3)	Basic	3	3	with+NP	I
Balinese	Southeast Asia & Australia	Austronesian	nglempagin	B 1 V 2 aji+3	Basic	3	3	aji+NP	I
Mandinka	Africa	Mande	búsa (1)	B 1 > 2 > V > 3+la	Basic	3	3	NP+la	I
Modern Standard Arabic	Africa	Semitic	ḍaraba	B V.subj[1] 1-nom 2-acc (bi+3)	Basic	3	3	bi+NP	I
Even	Asia	Tungusic	pavul-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V.subj[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Ket	Asia	Yeniseic	had⁷-do⁰ (S-had-O-do-pl)	B 1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Mapudungun	Americas	Araucanian	trawawtrawawtun	B V.subj[1].obj[2] 2 1 3+mew	Basic	3	3	NP+mew	I
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hirojį	D 6 1 2 (3) und[2].und[1].act[6].V'caus	Derived	4	3	Ø
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hirojį	D 1/2 (3) act[1/2].V'rfl/rcp	Derived	3	3	Ø
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	p'uch	B sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3)	Basic	3	3	yéetel+NP	I
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	bitʹ	B 1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr)	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Hoocąk	Americas	Siouan	hirojį	B 1 2 (3) und[2].act[1].V	Basic	3	3	Ø	I
Eastern Armenian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	cecel	B 1-nom 2-nomdat (3-instr) V.subj[1]	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	bitʹ	D 1-nom negV'.subj[1] 2-gen (3-instr)	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Russian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Indo-European	bitʹ	D 2-nom passV'.subj[2] (3-instr)/(1-instr)	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Jaminjung	Southeast Asia & Australia	Mirndi	wanywany ganima	B 1-erg 2-abs subj[1].obj[2].V 3-instr	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Even	Asia	Tungusic	pavul-	D 2-nom 1-dat 3-instr advV'.subj[2]	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Even	Asia	Tungusic	pavul-	D 1&2-nom 3-instr recV'.subj[1&2]	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	thatt	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-erg V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	3	3	NP-erg	I
Chintang	Asia	Tibeto-Burman	ten	B 1-erg 2-abs 3-erg V.agt[1].obj[2]	Basic	3	3	NP-erg	I
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 3-nom 2-acc V'	Derived	2	3	NP-nom
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 1/2-nom 3-loc/instr V'meí	Derived	3	3	NP-loc/instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	B 1-erg 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V	Basic	3	3	NP-abs & abs.V	P
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 4-erg 1-instr 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'caus	Derived	4	3	NP-abs & abs.V
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 1/2-nom 3-loc/instr V'jcatsí	Derived	3	3	NP-loc/instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-abs 2-lat 3-instr abs[1].V'antip	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-erg 2-abs 3-instr abs[2].V'	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Bezhta	Europe (and Indo-European)	Nakh-Daghestanian	yäƛ'elal	D 1-poss 2-lat 3-abs abs[3].V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-abs & abs.V
Emai	Africa	Niger-Congo	gbe (2)	D 1 > re+4 > V' > 2	Derived	3	4	re+NP
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tataku	D 3-nom (2-instr) passV'	Derived	2	2	NP-instr
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc (3-instr) V'rase	Derived	4	3	NP-instr
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 1-exp 2-acc (3-instr) V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Mitsukaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	buttadag-u	D 2-nom (3-instr) (1-loc) V'pass	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D 1 > V'.subj[1] > (con+3)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D 2 > passV'.subj[2] (con+3) (daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D 2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > con+3) ( > daParteDi+1)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D 1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > con+3)	Derived	3	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D 4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (con+3) a+1	Derived	4	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D siPassV' (con+3) (da+1)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Italian	Europe (and Indo-European)	Romance	colpire	D siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > con+3)	Derived	2	3	con+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	p'uch	D sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1) (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	3	yéetel+NP
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	p'uch	D sbj[1/2].V' (yéetel+3)	Derived	3	3	yéetel+NP
Evenki	Asia	Altaic	iktu-	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Yucatec Maya	Americas	Maya	p'uch	D sbj[1].V' (yéetel+3) 1	Derived	2	3	yéetel+NP
Sri Lanka Malay	Asia	Austronesian	puukul	B 1 2-acc 3-abl V	Basic	3	3	NP-abl	I
Bora	Americas	Witotoan	wádɨ́rɨhcó	D 4-nom 1-acc 2-acc 3-loc/instr V'tso	Derived	4	3	NP-loc/instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	B 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 2-nom 3-instr V'anticaus	Derived	2	3	NP-instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus	Derived	4	3	NP-instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 2-nom 1-dat/niyotte 3-instr V'pass	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V'pot	Derived	3	3	NP-instr
Hokkaido Japanese	Asia	Japonic	tatak-u	D 2-nom 3-instr V'pot	Derived	2	3	NP-instr
Japanese (standard)	Asia	Japonic	tataku	D 1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V'pot	Derived	3	2	NP-instr
Korean	Asia	Isolate/Koreanic	ttaerida	B 1-nom 2-acc 3-instr V	Basic	3	3	NP-instr	I

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.