y-akwiʔ

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/y-akwiʔ/
It seems like jiʔį̄ is used for 'talk to' and lóʔō is used more for 'talk with'. As in English, the difference is subtle and not always very clear. The latter functions like a reciprocal, but reciprocals are not marked in this way, and it more resembles comitative NPs, which are flagged by lóʔō.
CPL-speak

Coding frame

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(200)
Tzoʔō ntakǫʔ ʔneyu ntekwā niī jā ntikwiʔyu jnā.
tzoʔō
good
ntakǫʔ
very
ʔne=yu
HAB.do=3SG.M
ntekwā
DEM
niī
now
jā
CONJ
nti-kwiʔ=yu
HAB-speak=3SG.M
jiʔį̄=na
RN=1PL.INCL
‘He does very well because he talks to us.’
★
(203)
Lēʔ tyāʔ yakwiʔ nu kūnáʔa jlyālá jį̄ na nkwítząaʔ lēʔ nakwę laaʔ "i wala tz-āā tī nī?"
lēʔ
then
tyāʔ
still
y-akwiʔ
CPL-speak
nu
NOM
kūnáʔa
female
jlyālá
mean
jiʔį̄
RN
na
ART
nkwítzą=Vʔ
child=DEM
lēʔ
then
nakwę
say(.3)
laaʔ
like.so
i
and
wala
where
tz-āā
POT-go.NBASE.2SG
tī
EMPH
nī
now
‘And the mean woman still spoke to the child, and she said to him, "And where are you going now?"’
★
(204)
Yakwiʔ nu kūnáʔa jyą́ʔ i nkātāá súkwā jį̄náʔ.
y-akwiʔ
CPL-speak
nu
NOM
kūnáʔa
female
jiʔį̄=ą̄ʔ
RN=1SG
i
and
nkā-tāá
CPL-give(.3)
súkwā
food
jiʔį̄
RN
nāáʔ
1SG
‘The woman spoke to me and offered me food.’
★
(231)
Niī nu ná nyaʔa jiʔį̄na ná kikwiʔ jnā maxi kākwári nkuteję̄.
niī
now
nu
NOM
ná
NEG
nyaʔa
HAB.see(.3)
jiʔį̄=na
RN=1PL.INCL
ná
NEG
ki-kwiʔ
POT-speak(.3)
jiʔį̄=na
RN=1PL.INCL
maxi
CONJ
kākwá=ri
close.by=only
nku-teję̄
CPL-pass(.3)
‘Now they don't see us, they don't speak to us, even when they pass close by.’
★
(276)
Ná tukwi yakwiʔ jyā.
ná
NEG
tukwi
which
y-akwiʔ
CPL-speak(.3)
jiʔį̄=ya
RN=1PL.EXCL
‘No one spoke to us.’
★
(288)
Jā saʔne nchakwiʔ nāáʔ tzáʔ wá nī.
jā
CONJ
saʔne
long.ago
nch-akwiʔ
PRG-speak
nāáʔ
1SG
tzáʔ
thing
wá
DEM
nī
now
‘I have been talking about this for a long time now.’
★
(197)
Lēʔ yakwiʔūʔ lóʔō na kweta kyaʔāaʔ "laaʔ ntētāką́ʔ kwaa yākwá" nakwę.
lēʔ
then
y-akwiʔ=ūʔ
CPL-speak=3PL
lóʔō
RN.with
na
ART
kweta
outsider
kyaʔā=Vʔ
mountain=DEM
laaʔ
like.so
ntē-tāką́ʔ
PRG-experience
kwaa
1PL.EXCL
yākwá
there
nakwę
say(.3)
‘Then they spoke to the Mixtecs, "that is what is happening to us there", they said.’
★
(201)
Nchakwiʔ na lóʔō niʔ maxi xītzáʔrina.
nch-akwiʔ
PRG-speak
na
1PL.INCL
lóʔō
RN.with
niʔ
3SG.RSP
maxi
CONJ
x-ītzáʔ=ri=na
POSS-word=only=1PL.INCL
‘We are talking with the lord even if only in our language.’
★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets and Argument types

# TALK Coding set Argument type
1 talker Ø A
2 talked to person jiʔį̄+NP P
3 talked about content Ø X

Alternations

Clear filters
Alternation name Occurs Examples
C
Intransitive alternation more info
N y
C
Causative of active verb more info
N y
C
Object/instrument incorporation more info
N y
C
Active/inactive alternation more info
N y
U
Object omission alternation more info
R n
(258)
Kwaʔą kikwiʔwą lo kiʔyā.
‘You will speak at the market.’
★
(259)
Chúʔwá tiyaʔ ntikwiʔchūʔ.
‘She speaks slowly.’
★
C
Equipollent causative/intransitive alternation more info
N y
C
u-Causative alternation more info
N y
C
Applicative more info
N y
U
Ambitransitive alternation more info
N n