Language contributions
All languages
Ainu
Balinese
Bezhta
Bora
Chintang
Eastern Armenian
Emai
English
Even
Evenki
German
Hokkaido Japanese
Hoocąk
Icelandic
Italian
Jakarta Indonesian
Jaminjung
Japanese (standard)
Ket
Korean
Mandarin Chinese
Mandinka
Mapudungun
Mitsukaido Japanese
Modern Standard Arabic
Nen
Nǀǀng
Ojibwe
Russian
Sliammon
Sri Lanka Malay
Xârâcùù
Yaqui
Yorùbá
Yucatec Maya
Zenzontepec Chatino
Verb meanings
Show all Verb meanings
or select one of the 80 core meanings:
ASK FOR
BE A HUNTER
BEAT
BE DRY
BE HUNGRY
BE SAD
BLINK
BOIL
BREAK
BRING
BUILD
BURN
CARRY
CLIMB
COOK
COUGH
COVER
CUT
DIE
DIG
DRESS
EAT
FEAR
FEEL COLD
FEEL PAIN
FILL
FOLLOW
FRIGHTEN
GIVE
GO
GRIND
HEAR
HELP
HIDE
HIT
HUG
JUMP
KILL
KNOW
LAUGH
LEAVE
LIKE
LIVE
LOAD
LOOK AT
MEET
NAME
PEEL
PLAY
POUR
PUSH
PUT
RAIN
ROLL
RUN
SAY
SCREAM
SEARCH FOR
SEE
SEND
SHAVE (a body part/person)
SHOUT AT
SHOW
SING
SINK
SIT
SIT DOWN
SMELL
STEAL
TAKE
TALK
TEACH
TEAR
TELL
THINK
THROW
TIE
TOUCH
WASH
WIPE
All Coding frames
Microroles
About
Project description
Database manual
Credits
Contact
Imprint
Browser Support
Export
Data set for Zenzontepec Chatino
(zipped TSV files)
Data set for all languages
(zipped TSV files)
Data set for all languages
(zipped SQLite3 file)
Zenzontepec Chatino
Verb forms
Show all 82 Verb forms
or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
ASK FOR
nkā-nána
BE A HUNTER
no verbal counterpart
BEAT
nka-ʔni
BE DRY
witi
BE HUNGRY
nk-y-uteʔ
BE SAD
nkay-uwe-tīʔ
BLINK
nk-y-uwi-ntoo
BOIL
nkū-lákwi
BREAK
nka-laʔa
BRING
y-aa-lóʔō
BUILD
nka-jnyā
BURN
nk-y-akę̄
CARRY
nka-teę
CLIMB
nk-yó-saʔą
COOK
nkay-ū-kéʔ
COUGH
nka-tuuʔ
COVER
nka-t-ākǫ́ʔ
CUT
nkā-xūʔú
DIE
nku-jwi (1)
DIG
nkā-lúū
DRESS
nkw-ē-k-u-tūʔú (s-ateʔ)
EAT
y-aku
FEAR
y-utzę
FEEL COLD
nkay-ulaʔ
FEEL PAIN
tiʔi, tiʔi nkw-ii
FILL
nka-ʔne-chá-tzaʔą
FOLLOW
y-a-la-saʔą
FRIGHTEN
nkw-ē-k-utzę
GIVE
nkā-tāá
GO
y-aa
GRIND
nkay-oō
HEAR
y-una (2)
HELP
nkwi-tyā-tyūkwá
HIDE
nka-to-kāchíʔ
HIT
nkā-rá
HUG
nk-y-uʔu-xiiʔ, nkā-tūkwá-xiiʔ
JUMP
nkw-é-kwaą̄
KILL
nkay-u-jwi
KNOW
n-tzuʔu-ntoo
LAUGH
nka-xiti
LEAVE
nkū-túʔu
LIKE
y-a-toǫ-tīʔ
LIVE
n-kā-tāká
LOAD
nkā-tūkwá
LOOK AT
nkā-naʔa
MEET
nk-y-uʔu-ntoo
NAME
nka-lōó-naa
PEEL
nka-s-atą
PLAY
nka-jyā
POUR
nkā-t-ūʔú, nkā-tūkwá
PUSH
(no counterpart)
PUT
nkā-t-ūʔú
RAIN
nkw-eʔe (choo)
ROLL
nku-lā-misę̄
RUN
nkū-túʔu-jná
SAY
nakwę
SCREAM
nk-xáʔā
SEARCH FOR
nkwī-tyána
SEE
nkā-naʔa
SEND
nkā-tēję́
SHAVE (a body part/person)
(no counterpart)
SHOUT AT
nk-xáʔā-lóʔō
SHOW
nka-suʔū
SING
(nka-)y-ūlá
SINK
nkū-lítiʔ
SIT
n-tyukwā
SIT DOWN
nkw-ē-saʔą, nkw-ē-tyukwā
SMELL
y-ukwęʔ
STEAL
nka-wanā
TAKE
nkā-láā
TALK
y-akwiʔ
TEACH
nka-suʔū
TEAR
nkā-s-āáʔ
TELL
nakwę
THINK
nkā-tāá-tīʔ
THROW
nkā-nēʔé
TIE
nkā-x-īką́ʔ
TOUCH
y-alaʔ
WASH
nkw-ē-k-ata
WIPE
(no counterpart)
Coding frames
Coding sets
Alternations
Examples
Basic Coding frame
V
1
jiʔį̄+
2
Description
use of
jiʔį̄
is optional
#
Coding set
Argument type
1
Ø
A
2
jiʔį̄+NP
P
Derived Coding frames
via
V'
1
Object omission alternation
e
V'
3
jiʔį̄+
2
jiʔį̄+
1
Causative of active verb
y
V'
2
Intransitive alternation
u
V'
3
jiʔį̄+
1
u-Causative alternation
V'
2
Ambitransitive alternation
Verb forms with this basic Coding frame
Verb form
Verb meaning
Microrole 1
Microrole 2
nkā-s-āáʔ
TEAR
tearer
torn thing
y-aku
EAT
eater
eaten food
nkā-naʔa
LOOK AT
looker
looked at entity
nkā-naʔa
SEE
seeer
seen entity
nkw-ii
WANT
wanter
wanted thing
nkwī-tyána
SEARCH FOR
searcher
searched for thing
y-utzę
FEAR
fearer
fear stimulus
nkw-ē-k-utzę
FRIGHTEN
frightener
frightenee
nkw-ē-k-ata
WASH
washer
washed entity
n-tzuʔu-ntoo
KNOW
knower
known thing/person
nkā-tāá-tīʔ
THINK
thinker
thought content
(nka-)y-ūlá
SING
singer
song
nk-xáʔā-lóʔō
SHOUT AT
shouter
shoutee
nk-y-uʔu-ntoo
MEET
meeter
met person
y-una (2)
HEAR
hearer
heard sound
nk-y-uʔu-xiiʔ
HUG
hugger
huggee
nkā-tūkwá-xiiʔ
HUG
hugger
huggee
y-a-toǫ-tīʔ
LIKE
liker
liked entity
y-a-la-saʔą
FOLLOW
follower
followee
nkwi-tyā-tyūkwá
HELP
helper
helpee
nkū-túʔu
LEAVE
leaver
left place/person
nkā-lúū
DIG
digger
dug up thing
nka-téēʔ
SHAVE (self)
shave (self) causer
shaver (of self)
y-ukwęʔ
SMELL
smeller
smelled entity
nkū-lítiʔ
SINK
sunken entity
sink location
nk-y-ukwą̄
GET
receiver
received thing