Coding frames of Zenzontepec Chatino

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coding frames.

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Coding frame	Alternations	derived	arg_count	#Vs	Verb meanings & Verb forms
B V 1	–	Basic	1	19	BE DRY (witi) BE HUNGRY (nk-y-uteʔ) BE ILL (n-kā-kitza) BE SAD (nkay-uwe-tīʔ) BLINK (nk-y-uwi-ntoo) BOIL (nkū-lákwi) BURN (nk-y-akę̄) COUGH (nka-tuuʔ) CRY (y-ūná) DIE (nku-jwi (1)) FEEL COLD (nkay-ulaʔ) FEEL PAIN (tiʔi, tiʔi nkw-ii) JUMP (nkw-é-kwaą̄) LAUGH (nka-xiti) PLAY (nka-jyā) ROLL (nku-lā-misę̄) RUN (nkū-túʔu-jná) SCREAM (nk-xáʔā)
B V 1 (LOC2)	–	Basic	2	6	CLIMB (nk-yó-saʔą) GO (y-aa) LIVE (n-kā-tāká) SIT (n-tyukwā) SIT DOWN (nkw-ē-saʔą, nkw-ē-tyukwā)
B UTT1 V 2 jiʔį̄+3	–	Basic	3	1	SAY (nakwę) TELL (nakwę)
B V 1 jiʔį̄+2	–	Basic	2	25	DIG (nkā-lúū) EAT (y-aku) FEAR (y-utzę) FOLLOW (y-a-la-saʔą) FRIGHTEN (nkw-ē-k-utzę) GET (nk-y-ukwą̄) HEAR (y-una (2)) HELP (nkwi-tyā-tyūkwá) HUG (nk-y-uʔu-xiiʔ, nkā-tūkwá-xiiʔ) KNOW (n-tzuʔu-ntoo) LEAVE (nkū-túʔu) LIKE (y-a-toǫ-tīʔ) LOOK AT (nkā-naʔa) MEET (nk-y-uʔu-ntoo) SEARCH FOR (nkwī-tyána) SEE (nkā-naʔa) SHAVE (self) (nka-téēʔ) SHOUT AT (nk-xáʔā-lóʔō) SING ((nka-)y-ūlá) SINK (nkū-lítiʔ) SMELL (y-ukwęʔ) TEAR (nkā-s-āáʔ) THINK (nkā-tāá-tīʔ) WANT (nkw-ii) WASH (nkw-ē-k-ata)
B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 (lóʔō+3)	–	Basic	3	13	BREAK (nka-laʔa) BUILD (nka-jnyā) CARRY (nka-teę) CLOSE (nka-t-ākǫ́ʔ) COOK (nkay-ū-kéʔ) COVER (nka-t-ākǫ́ʔ) CUT (nkā-xūʔú) FILL (nka-ʔne-chá-tzaʔą) GET (nku-jwī (2)) GRIND (nkay-oō) HIT (nkā-rá) KILL (nkay-u-jwi) MAKE (nka-jnyā) PEEL (nka-s-atą) TOUCH (y-alaʔ)
B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 jiʔį̄+3 lóʔō+4	–	Basic	4	1	TIE (nkā-x-īką́ʔ)
B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 jiʔį̄+3	–	Basic	3	12	ASK FOR (nkā-nána) BEAT (nka-ʔni) BRING (y-aa-lóʔō) GIVE (nkā-tāá) HIDE (nka-to-kāchíʔ) LOAD (nkā-tūkwá) POUR (nkā-t-ūʔú, nkā-tūkwá) PUT (nkā-t-ūʔú) SEND (nkā-tēję́) SHOW (nka-suʔū) STEAL (nka-wanā) TAKE (nkā-láā) TEACH (nka-suʔū) THROW (nkā-nēʔé)
B V 1 jiʔį̄+2 3	–	Basic	3	3	DRESS (nkw-ē-k-u-tūʔú (s-ateʔ)) NAME (nka-lōó-naa) TALK (y-akwiʔ)
B V	–	Basic	0	1	RAIN (nkw-eʔe (choo))
B N/A	–	Basic	0	1	BE A HUNTER (no verbal counterpart)
D utV' 2 jiʔį̄+1	Equipollent causative/intransitive alternation	Derived	2	1	BURN (nk-y-akę̄)
D V' 1	Object omission alternation	Derived	1	11	ASK FOR (nkā-nána) EAT (y-aku) FEAR (y-utzę) GRIND (nkay-oō) HEAR (y-una (2)) LOOK AT (nkā-naʔa) SEE (nkā-naʔa) SHOW (nka-suʔū) SING ((nka-)y-ūlá) STEAL (nka-wanā) TALK (y-akwiʔ) TEACH (nka-suʔū) THINK (nkā-tāá-tīʔ)
D eV' 2 jiʔį̄+1	Causative of active verb	Derived	2	9	BE HUNGRY (nk-y-uteʔ) BOIL (nkū-lákwi) CRY (y-ūná) JUMP (nkw-é-kwaą̄) LAUGH (nka-xiti) PLAY (nka-jyā) ROLL (nku-lā-misę̄) RUN (nkū-túʔu-jná) SCREAM (nk-xáʔā)
D eV' 3 jiʔį̄+2 jiʔį̄+1	Causative of active verb	Derived	3	4	EAT (y-aku) FEAR (y-utzę) SING ((nka-)y-ūlá) SMELL (y-ukwęʔ)
D yV' 2	Intransitive alternation	Derived	1	1	EAT (y-aku)
D uV' 2 jiʔį̄+1	u-Causative alternation	Derived	2	2	BE DRY (witi) DIE (nku-jwi (1))
D uV' 3 jiʔį̄+1	u-Causative alternation	Derived	2	1	SINK (nkū-lítiʔ)
D V' 2	Ambitransitive alternation	Derived	1	2	GET (nku-jwī (2)) LOOK AT (nkā-naʔa) SEE (nkā-naʔa)
D V'lóʔō 1 jiʔį̄+3	Applicative	Derived	2	3	LAUGH (nka-xiti) PLAY (nka-jyā) SCREAM (nk-xáʔā)
D V'lóʔō 1 jiʔį̄+3 LOC2	Applicative	Derived	3	1	GO (y-aa)
D V' 1 jiʔį̄+3	Object/instrument incorporation	Derived	2	1	BEAT (nka-ʔni)
D V' 1 jiʔį̄+2	Object/instrument incorporation	Derived	2	1	HIT (nkā-rá)
D tV' 3	Active/inactive alternation	Derived	1	1	BURN (nk-y-akę̄)

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.