kach

Coding frame

sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1

Simplex Verb form

Example

Tu kachah u xikin a p'úul.

t-u

PRFV-SBJ.3

kach-ah

break-CMPL

u

POSS.3

xikin

ear

a

POSS.2

p'úul

jug

‘He broke the handle of your jug.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	BREAK	Coding set	Argument type
1	breaker	sbj.V	A
2	broken thing	V.obj	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Passive more info	RRegularly		y	sbj[2].V'pass 2 (tumen+1)
C Causative more info	NNever		y
C Introversive more info	MMarginally	There is little practical use for the introversive.	y
C Deagentive more info	RRegularly		y	sbj[2].V'deag 2	(148) Káach u xikin in p'úul. ‘The handle of my jug broke off.’ ★ (294) H káach in k'ab. ‘My arm broke.’ ★
C Reflexive more info	NNever		y
C Reciprocal more info	NNever		y
C Extraversive more info	NNever		y
C Fientive more info	NNever		y
C Usative more info	NNever		y
C Indirect participation more info	MMarginally		y		(344) Táan in tusik in kachik in lapiseero káa hach ka'ch teen. ‘I was feigning to break my pen, and then it really broke on me.’ ★
C Incorporative more info	RRegularly		y	sbj[1].V' 1
U Direct object shift more info	NNever		n