Examples of Yucatec Maya
| Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(1) Le xibpale' tu haantah le abalo'. le DEM xibpal-e' boy-D3 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 haan-t-ah eat-TRR-CMPL le DEM abal-o' plum-D2 ‘The boy ate the plum.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
1 |
|
(2) Tu méek'ah u chaan xibpal le maamaho'. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 méek'-ah hug-CMPL u POSS.3 chaan little xibpal boy le DEM maamah-o' mother-D2 ‘The mother hugged her little boy.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
2 |
|
(3) Le xibpalo' tu paktah le xch'úupalo'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pakat-ah look-CMPL le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The boy looked at the girl.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
3 |
|
(4) Le wíiniko' tu yilah le báalamo'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-il-ah 0-see-CMPL le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 ‘The man saw the jaguar.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
4 |
|
(5) Le kéeho' tu yu'bah u book le xibpalo'. le DEM kéeh-o' deer-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-u'b-ah 0-feel-CMPL u POSS.3 book smell le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The deer smelled the boy.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
5 |
|
(6) Le wíiniko' sahak ti' le báalamo'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 sahak afraid ti' LOC le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 ‘The man feared/fears the jaguar.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V ti'+2 1 |
6 |
|
(7) Le báalamo' tu sahbesah le wíiniko'. le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 sah-bes-ah fear-CAUS-CMPL le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 ‘The jaguar frightened the man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
7 |
|
(8) Le báalamo' tu sahakkunsah le wíiniko'. le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 sahak-kuns-ah afraid-FACT-CMPL le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 ‘The jaguar frightened the man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
8 |
|
(9) Le xibpalo' uts tu yich u tumben baaxal. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 uts good t-u LOC-POSS.3 y-ich 0-eye u POSS.3 tumben new baaxal toy ‘The boy likes his new toy.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
9 |
|
(10) Le xibpalo' u k'ahóol le xch'úupalo'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 u SBJ.3 k'ahóol know le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The boy knows/knew the girl.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
10 |
|
(11) Le xch'úupalo' tu tukultah u chiich holheak. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 tukul-t-ah think-TRR-CMPL u POSS.3 chiich grandmother ho'lheak yesterday ‘The girl thought about her grandmother yesterday.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
11 |
|
(12) Le wíiniko' táan u kaxtik le xch'úupo'bo'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 kax-t-ik search-TRR-INCMPL le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 ‘The man is searching for the women.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
12 |
|
(13) Le xch'úupo' tu yisintah le chaampalo'. le DEM xch'úup-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-isíin-t-ah 0-bathe-TRR-CMPL le DEM chaampal-o' baby-D2 ‘The woman washed/bathed the baby.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
13 |
|
(14) Le wíiniko' tu ts'ikah u me'x. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ts'ik-ah shave-CMPL u POSS.3 me'x beard ‘The man shaved his beard.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
14 |
|
(15) Tin wáantah le xibpalo'bo'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG w-áant-ah 0-help-CMPL le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 ‘I helped the boys.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
15 |
|
(16) Le xibpalo'bo' ku ch'a'pachtiko'b le xch'úupalo'ob. le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a'-pach-t-ik-o'b take-back-TRR-INCMPL-PL le DEM xch'úupal-o'b-o' girl-PL-D2 ‘The boys follow the girls.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
16 |
|
(17) Le wíiniko'bo' tu naktáantaho'b le xibpalo'bo'. le DEM wíinik-o'b-o' man-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 naktáan-t-ah-o'b meet-TRR-CMPL-PL le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 ‘The men met the boys.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
17 |
|
(18) Le wíiniko'bo' tu nuptáantaho'b le xibpalo'bo'. le DEM wíinik-o'b-o' man-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 nuptáan-t-ah-o'b meet-TRR-CMPL-PL le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 ‘The men met the boys.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
18 |
|
(19) Le xch'úupalo' tsikbalnah yéetel le xibpalo' yo'lal u yaalak' peek'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 tsikbal-nah talk-CMPL yéetel with le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 y-o'lal 0-reason u POSS.3 y-aalak' 0-CL.domestic peek' dog ‘The girl talked to the boy about her dog.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 yéetel+2 yóok'ol+3 |
19 |
|
(20) Le xch'úupalo' h t'aanah yéetel le xibpal yóok'ol u yaalak' peek'o'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 h PRFV t'aan-nah speak-CMPL yéetel with le DEM xibpal boy y-óok'ol 0-over u POSS.3 y-aalak' 0-CL.domestic peek'-o' dog-D2 ‘The girl talked to the boy about her dog.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 yéetel+2 yóok'ol+3 |
20 |
|
(21) Le xibpalo' tu k'áatah taak'in ti' u taataho'b. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 k'áat-ah ask-CMPL taak'in money ti' LOC u POSS.3 taatah-o'b father-PL ‘The boy asked his parents for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
21 |
|
(22) Le xch'úupo' tu yawtah le paalalo'bo'. le DEM xch'úup-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-awat-ah 0-shout-CMPL le DEM paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 ‘The woman shouted at the children.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
22 |
|
(23) Le xch'úupalo' tu tsikbatah hump'éel che'hbil tsikbal ti' le xibpalo'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 tsikbal-t-ah talk-TRR-CMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN che'h-bil laugh-GER tsikbal story ti' LOC le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The girl told the boy a funny story.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
23 |
|
(24) Tu ya'laho'b teen ma'(il). t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-a'l-ah-o'b 0-say-CMPL-PL teen me ma'-il NEG-ABSTR ‘They said 'no' to me.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
24 |
|
(25) Le wíiniko'bo' tu beetaho'b hump'éel xa'nil nah. le DEM wíinik-o'b-o' man-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 beet-ah-o'b do-CMPL-PL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN xa'n-il palm-REL nah house ‘The men built a house out of palm leaves.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
25 |
|
(26) Le xibpalo' tu pa'ah le kalomk'iin yéetel tunicho'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pa'-ah break-CMPL kalomk'iin window yéetel with tuunich-o' stone-D2 ‘The boy broke the window with a stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
26 |
|
(27) Le wíiniko' tu kíinsah u k'uxóolal yéetel báat. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kíim-s-ah die-CAUS-CMPL u POSS.3 k'uxóolal enemy yéetel with báat axe ‘The man killed his enemy with an axe.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
27 |
|
(28) Le xibpalo' tu p'u'p'uchah le kaan yéetel che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 p'u'-p'uch-ah RED-beat-CMPL le DEM kaan snake yéetel with che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy beat the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
28 |
|
(29) Le xibpalo' tu kohah le kaan yéetel che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 koh-ah toss-CMPL le DEM kaan snake yéetel with che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy touched the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
29 |
|
(30) Le ko'lelo' tu xotah le waah yéetel xoteb hach yaan u yeho'. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 xot-ah cut-CMPL le DEM waah tortilla yéetel with xotéeb knife hach really yaan EXIST u POSS.3 y-eh-o' 0-edge-D2 ‘The woman cut the tortilla with a sharp knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
30 |
|
(31) Le wíiniko' tu ch'a'ah u taak'in ti' u láak'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ch'a'-ah take-CMPL u POSS.3 taak'in money ti' LOC u POSS.3 láak' equal ‘The man took the money from his friend.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
31 |
|
(32) Le xch'úupalo' tu hatah hunwáal le analte'o'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 hat-ah tear-CMPL hun-wáal one-CL.flat le DEM analte'-o' book-D2 ‘The girl tore a page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
32 |
|
(33) Le xibpalo' tu sóoltah le che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 sóol-t-ah peel-TRR-CMPL le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy peeled the bark off the stick.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
33 |
|
(34) Le xibpalo' tu cheppóoltah le che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 chep-póol-t-ah rub-trim-TRR-CMPL le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy ripped the bark off the stick.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
34 |
|
(35) Le xibpalo' tu lakah u sóol le che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 lak-ah detach-CMPL u POSS.3 sóol shell le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy removed the bark from the stick.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
35 |
|
(36) Le xibpalo' tu ta'kah le muuch' ti' u maamaho'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ta'k-ah hide-CMPL le DEM muuch' frog ti' LOC u POSS.3 maamah-o' mother-D2 ‘The boy hid the frog from his mother.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
36 |
|
(37) Le xch'úupalo' tu ye'sah le analte' ti' u ah kaanbesaho'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-e's-ah 0-show-CMPL le DEM analte' book ti' LOC u POSS.3 ah-kaanbesah-o' AG.M-teacher-D2 ‘The girl showed the book to her teacher.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
37 |
|
(38) T ts'a'ah le analte'o'b ti' le paalalo'bo'. t PRFV.SBJ.1PL ts'a'-ah put/give-CMPL le DEM analte'-o'b book-PL ti' LOC le DEM paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 ‘We gave the books to the children.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
38 |
|
(39) Le xch'úupalo' tu túuxtah loolo'b ti' u chiich. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 túuxt-ah send-CMPL lool-o'b flower-PL ti' LOC u POSS.3 chiich grandmother ‘The girl sent flowers to her grandmother.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
39 |
|
(40) Le wíiniko'bo' tu bisaho'b le máabeno'b (ti') k'íiwiko'. le DEM wíinik-o'b-o' man-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 bis-ah-o'b carry-CMPL-PL le DEM máaben-o'b box-PL ti' LOC k'íiwik-o' market-D2 ‘The men carried the boxes to the market.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
40 |
|
(41) Le xibpalo' tu pulah le boolah teh béentaanaho'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pul-ah throw-CMPL le DEM boolah ball teh LOC:DEM béentaanah-o' window-D2 ‘The boy threw the ball into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
41 |
|
(42) Ta pulah teen le boolaho'. t-a PRFV-SBJ.2 pul-ah throw-CMPL teen me le DEM boolah-o' ball-D2 ‘You threw me the ball.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
42 |
|
(43) Káa tu pulho'b ichil áaktun. káa CONJ t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pul-ah-o'b throw-CMPL-PL ichil inside áaktun cistern ‘And they threw him into a well.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
43 |
|
(44) Le wíiniko' tu k'axah huntúul tsíimin yéetel hunhíil suum teh che'o'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 k'ax-ah tie-CMPL hun-túul one-CL.AN tsíimin horse yéetel with hun-híil one-CL.string suum rope teh LOC:DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The man tied the horse with a rope to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 (ti'+3) (yéetel+4) 1 |
44 |
|
(45) Le luucho' tin ts'a'ah ti' le ka'nche'o'. le DEM luuch-o' cup-D2 t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG ts'a'-ah put/give-CMPL ti' LOC le DEM ka'nche'-o' table-D2 ‘I put the cup onto the table.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
45 |
|
(46) Le wíiniko' tu láalah ha' ti'/ichil le luucho'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 láal-ah pour-CMPL ha' water ti'/ichil LOC/inside le DEM luuch-o' cup-D2 ‘The man poured water into the cup.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
46 |
|
(47) Le wíiniko' tu t'ohah le ha' teh luucho'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 t'oh-ah pour-CMPL le DEM ha' water ti' LOC le DEM luuch-o' cup-D2 ‘The man poured the water into the cup.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
47 |
|
(48) Le xch'úupo' tu pixah le xibpal yéetel teep'elo'. le DEM xch'úup-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pix-ah cover-CMPL le DEM xibpal boy yéetel with teep'el-o' blanket-D2 ‘The woman covered the boy with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
48 |
|
(49) Le xch'úupalo' tu chupah le luuch yéetel ha'o'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 chup-ah fill-CMPL le DEM luuch cup yéetel with ha'-o' water-D2 ‘The girl filled the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
49 |
|
(50) Le xch'úupalo' tu but'ah le luuch yéetel ha'o'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 but'-ah fill-CMPL le DEM luuch cup yéetel with ha'-o' water-D2 ‘The girl filled the cup with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Direct object shift |
50 |
|
(51) Le koolnáalo' tu but'ah ixi'm ti' le kaamiono'. le DEM koolnáal-o' farmer-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 but'-ah fill-CMPL ixi'm corn ti' LOC le DEM kaamion-o' truck-D2 ‘The farmer loaded corn onto the truck.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
51 |
|
(52) Táan in kuchik le nala'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG kuch-ik load-INCMPL le DEM nal-a' corncob-D1 ‘I am loading (on myself) these corncobs.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
52 |
|
(53) Chak'ichnahen. chak'-ich-nah-en blink-eye-CMPL-ABS.1SG ‘I blinked.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Incorporative |
53 |
|
(54) Le nohoch máako' h sa'sa'kaalnahih. le DEM nohoch big máak-o' person-D2 h PRFV sa'sa'kaal-nah-ih cough-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The old man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
54 |
|
(55) Le nohoch máako' h se'nnahih. le DEM nohoch big máak-o' person-D2 h PRFV se'n-nah-ih cough-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The old man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
55 |
|
(56) Le wíiniko'bo' h na'ko'b ti' le che'o'. le DEM wíinik-o'b-o' man-PL-D2 h PRFV na'k-o'b climb-PL ti' LOC le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The men climbed (up) the tree.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
56 |
|
(57) Táan u yáalkab le tsíimno'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 y-áalkab 0-run le DEM tsíimin-o' horse-D2 ‘The horse is running.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
57 |
|
(58) Le paalalo'bo' kulukbalo'b ti' lu'm. le DEM paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 kul-ukbal-o'b sit-POS-PL ti' LOC lu'm earth ‘The children sat on the floor.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
58 |
|
(59) Le paalalo'bo' h kulchaho'b ti' le k'áanche'o'. le DEM paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 h PRFV kul-chah-o'b sit-FIENT.CMPL-PL ti' LOC le DEM k'áanche'-o' chair-D2 ‘The children sat down on the chair.’ |
★ | SIT | the Verb form kul | 59 |
|
(60) Le xch'úupalo' h síit'nahih. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 h PRFV síit'-nah-ih jump-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The girl jumped.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
60 |
|
(61) Le xibpalo' h k'aaynahih. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 h PRFV k'aay-nah-ih sing\INTROV-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The boy sang.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
61 |
|
(62) Le xibpalo' tu k'ayah hump'éel k'aay. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 k'ay-ah sing-CMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN k'aay song ‘The boy sang a song.’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
62 |
|
(63) Le xch'úupo' h bin k'íiwik. le DEM xch'úup-o' woman-D2 h PRFV bin go k'íiwik market ‘The woman went to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
63 |
|
(64) Le xibpalo' h hóok' tu kaahal. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 h PRFV hóok' leave ti' LOC u POSS.3 kaah-al village-REL ‘The boy left the village.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
64 |
|
(65) Le nohoch máako'bo' kahakbalo'b / ku kahtalo'b / kaha'no'b ich nohoch kah. le DEM nohoch big máak-o'b-o' person-PL-D2 kah-akbal-o'b live-POS-PL / / k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 kah-tal-o'b live-FIENT.INCMPL-PL / / kah-a'n-o'b live-RSLTV-PL ich in nohoch big kahtal village ‘The old people live in town.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
65 |
|
(66) Le chaan xch'úupalo' che'hnahih. le DEM chaan little xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 che'h-nah-ih laugh-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The little girl laughed.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
66 |
|
(67) Le wíiniko' awatnahih. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 awat-nah-ih shout-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘The man screamed.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
67 |
|
(68) Yah in k'ab. yah hurt in POSS.1SG k'ab hand ‘My arm/hand hurts.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
68 |
|
(69) Táan u k'i'nam in k'ab. táan PROG u SBJ.3 k'i'nam pain in POSS.1SG k'ab hand ‘My arm/hand is hurting.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
69 |
|
(70) Ke'len. ke'l-en cold-ABS.1SG ‘I am cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
70 |
|
(71) H kíim le kaano'. h PRFV kíim die(CMPL) le DEM kaan-o' snake-D2 ‘The snake died.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
71 |
|
(72) Le paalo' táan u báaxal. le DEM paal-o' child-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 báaxal play ‘The child is playing.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
72 |
|
(73) Ok'om u yóol le chaan xch'úupalo'. ok'om sad u POSS.3 y-óol 0-mind le DEM chaan little xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The little girl is said.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
73 |
|
(74) Wi'h le chaampalo'. wi'h hungry le DEM chaampal-o' baby-D2 ‘The baby is hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
74 |
|
(75) Táan u balak' le boolaho'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 balak' roll le DEM boolah-o' ball-D2 ‘The ball is rolling.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
75 |
|
(76) H búul le che'mo'. h PRFV búul submerge\DEAG le DEM che'm-o' boat-D2 ‘The boat sank.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
76 |
|
(77) Táan u yéelel le naho'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 y-éel-el 0-burn-INCMPL le DEM nah-o' house-D2 ‘The house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
77 |
|
(78) Tin tóokah le naho'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG tóok-ah burn-CMPL le DEM nah-o' house-D2 ‘I burnt the house.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
78 |
|
(79) Tikin le lu'mo'. tikin dry le DEM lu'm-o' earth-D2 ‘The ground is dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
79 |
|
(80) H k'áax ha'. h PRFV k'áax rain ha' water ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
80 |
|
(81) Le wíinika' huntúul hts'oon. le DEM wíinik-a' man-D1 hun-túul one-CL.AN h-ts'oon M-hunter ‘This man is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
81 |
|
(82) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu huch'aho'b le ixi'm yéetel ka'o'. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 huch'-ah-o'b grind-CMPL-PL le DEM ixi'm corn yéetel with ka'-o' handmill-D2 ‘The women ground the corn by handmill.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
82 |
|
(83) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu cho'ho'b le mayako'. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 cho'-ah-o'b clean-CMPL-PL le DEM mayak-o' table-D2 ‘The women wiped the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
83 |
|
(84) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu púustaho'b le meesaho'. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 púus-t-ah-o'b remove.dust-TRR-CMPL-PL le DEM meesah-o' table-D2 ‘The women wiped (dirt off) the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
84 |
|
(85) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu púustaho'b u luuk'il le meesaho'. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 púus-t-ah-o'b remove.dust-TRR-CMPL-PL u POSS.3 luuk'-il mud-REL le DEM meesah-o' table-D2 ‘The women wiped the dirt off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
85 |
|
(86) Le xch'úupo' táan u háalik wi'. le DEM xch'úup-o' woman-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 háal-ik dig.out-INCMPL wi' bulb ‘The woman is digging for roots.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
86 |
|
(87) Le xibpalo' tu léench'intah le xch'úupal ti' ha'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 léen-ch'in-t-ah very-pelt-TRR-CMPL le DEM xch'úupal girl ti' LOC ha'-o' water-D2 ‘The boy pushed the girl into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
87 |
|
(88) Le xibpalo' tu tulah le xch'úupal ka lúubuk ich ha'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 tul-ah push-CMPL le DEM xch'úupal girl káa CONJ lúub-uk fall-SUBJ ich in ha'-o' water-D2 ‘The boy pushed the girl into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
88 |
|
(89) Le xch'úupalo' tu taasah teen lool. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 taas-ah bring-CMPL teen me lool flower ‘The girl brought flowers to me.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Causative |
89 |
|
(90) Le h-ookolo' tu yooklah u taak'in le ko'lelo'. le DEM h-ookol-o' M-thief-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-ookol-ah 0-steal-CMPL u POSS.3 taak'in money le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 ‘The thief stole money from the lady.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
90 |
|
(91) Le ko'lelo' tu ka'nsah le xch'úupal ti' hump'éel k'aayo'. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ka'n-s-ah learn\PASS-CAUS-CMPL le DEM xch'úupal girl ti' LOC hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN k'aay-o' song-D2 ‘The lady taught the girl a song.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
91 |
|
(92) Le xibpalo' tu yu'bah le báalamo'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-u'b-ah 0-feel-CMPL le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 ‘The boy heard the jaguar.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
92 |
|
(93) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu chakaho'b u bak'el kaax. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 chak-ah-o'b cook-CMPL-PL u POSS.3 bak'-el flesh-REL kaax chicken ‘The women cooked the chicken meat.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
93 |
|
(94) Táan u look le ha'o'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 look boil le DEM ha'-o' water-D2 ‘The water is boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
94 |
|
(95) H chíikpah le k'iino'. h PRFV chíik-pah appear-SPONT(CMPL) le DEM k'iin-o' sun/day-D2 ‘The sun appeared.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
95 |
|
(96) K'oha'n in taatah. k'oha'n sick in POSS.1SG taatah father ‘My father is ill/sick.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
96 |
|
(97) Táan u yóok'ol le xch'úupalo'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 y-óok'ol 0-cry le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The girl is crying/weeping.’ |
★ | CRY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
97 |
|
(98) H lúub le che'o'. h PRFV lúub fall le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The tree fell.’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
98 |
|
(99) Le xibpalo' tu beetah hump'éel baaxal yéetel k'at. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 beet-ah do-CMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN baaxal toy yéetel with k'at clay ‘The boy made a toy from clay.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
99 |
|
(100) Tin k'amah hump'éel kaartah ti' in maamah. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG k'am-ah receive-CMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN kaartah letter ti' LOC in POSS.1SG maamah mother ‘I received a letter from my mother.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
100 |
|
(101) In kiiko' hump'éel xa'nil nah u k'áat. in POSS.1SG kiik-o' elder.sister-D2 hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN xa'n-il palm-REL nah house u SBJ.3 k'áat want ‘My sister wants a palm-roof house.’ |
★ | WANT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
101 |
|
(102) Tu kachah u xikin a p'úul. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kach-ah break-CMPL u POSS.3 xikin ear a POSS.2 p'úul jug ‘He broke the handle of your jug.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
102 |
|
(103) Haanta'b le abal tumen le xibpalo'. haan-t-a'b eat-TRR-PASS.CMPL le DEM abal plum tumen by le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The plum was eaten by the girl.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
103 |
|
(104) Le ichche'o' ma' tu haanta'l. le DEM ichche'-o' fruit-D2 ma' NEG t-u IMPF-SBJ.3 haan-t-a'l eat-TRR-PASS.INCMPL ‘That fruit is not for eating.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
104 |
|
(105) Méek'a'b le chaan xibpal tumen u maamah. méek'-a'b hug-PASS.CMPL le DEM chaan little xibpal boy tumen by u POSS.3 maamah mother ‘The little boy was hugged by his mother.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Passive |
105 |
|
(106) Le xch'úupalo' pakta'b tumen le xibpalo'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 h PRFV pakat-a'b look-PASS.CMPL tumen by le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The girl was looked at by the boy.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
106 |
|
(107) Le xibpalo' táan u paakat. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 paakat look\INTROV ‘The boy is watching.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
107 |
|
(108) Le báalamo' ila'b tumen le wíiniko'. le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 il-a'b see-PASS.CMPL tumen by le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 ‘The jaguar was seen by the man.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Passive |
108 |
|
(109) Le báalamo' u'ya'b tumen le xibpalo'. le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 u'y-a'b feel-PASS.CMPL tumen by le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The jaguar was heard by the man.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
109 |
|
(110) Le paaxe' ma' tu yu'ba(')l waye'. le DEM paax-e' music-TOP ma' NEG t-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-u'b-a'l 0-feel-PASS.INCMPL way-e' here-D3 ‘The music is not heard over here.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
110 |
|
(111) Le kéeho' tu ch'a'boktah le xibpalo'. le DEM kéeh-o' deer-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ch'a'-book-t-ah take-smell-TRR-CMPL le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The deer smelled the boy.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Incorporative |
111 |
|
(112) Ch'a'bokta'b le xibpal tumen le kéeho'. ch'a'-book-t-a'b take-smell-TRR-PASS.CMPL le DEM xibpal boy tumen by le DEM kéeh-o' deer-D2 ‘The boy was smelled by the deer.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
112 |
|
(113) Túun ch'a'ch'abook le kéeho'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 ch'a-ch'a'-book RED-take-smell le DEM kéeh-o' deer-D2 ‘The deer is sniffing.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Incorporative |
113 |
|
(114) Ch'a'n sahakil ti' le báalam tuláakal tu'xo'. ch'a'-a'n take-RSLTV sahak-il afraid-ABSTR ti' LOC le DEM báalam jaguar tuláakal all tu'x-o' where-D2 ‘The jaguar is feared everywhere.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
114 |
|
(115) Le ko'lelo' tu búukintah u nook' u paal. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 búuk-int-ah dress-USAT-CMPL u POSS.3 nook' clothing u POSS.3 paal child ‘That woman put on her child's clothing.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Usative |
115 |
|
(116) Le taatahtsilo'bo' tu ts'a'ho'b Ana u k'aaba'int u paal. le DEM taatah-tsil-o'b-o' father-ABSOL-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ts'a'-ah-o'b put/give-CMPL-PL Ana Anna u POSS.3 k'aaba'-int name-USAT u POSS.3 paal child ‘The parents named their child Anna.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Usative |
116 |
|
(117) A'lab teen ma'(il) tumen leti'o'b. a'l-a'b say-PASS.CMPL teen me ma'-il NEG-ABSTR tumen by leti'-o'b that.one-PL ‘I was told 'no' by them.’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Passive |
117 |
|
(118) Tu ya'laho'b teen k'áak'as t'aano'b. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-a'l-ah-o'b 0-say-CMPL-PL teen me k'áa-k'as RED-bad t'aan-o'b word-PL ‘They sad bad words to me.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
118 |
|
(119) Leti' tu ya'laho'b teen. leti' that.one t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-a'l-ah-o'b 0-say-CMPL-PL teen me ‘That (is what) they said to me.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
119 |
|
(120) Le tsíimino' áalkabnah ti' le beho'. le DEM tsíimin-o' horse-D2 áalkab-nah run-CMPL ti' LOC le DEM beh-o' path-D2 ‘The horse ran along the path.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
120 |
|
(121) Le tsíimino' ku yáalkabtik kanlúub. le DEM tsíimin-o' horse-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-áalkab-t-ik 0-run-TRR-INCMPL kan-lúub four-league ‘That horse runs four miles.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
121 |
|
(122) Tin wáalkabansah le tsíimino'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG w-áalkab-ans-ah 0-run-CAUS-CMPL le DEM tsíimin-o' horse-D2 ‘I had the horse run.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
122 |
|
(123) Búukinta'b le nook' tumen le ko'lelo'. búuk-int-a'b dress-USAT-PASS.CMPL le DEM nook' clothing tumen by le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 ‘The dress was put on by the woman.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Passive |
123 |
|
(124) Le wíiniko' tu ch'a'ah sahakil ti' le báalamo'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ch'a'-ah take-CMPL sahak-il afraid-ABSTR ti' LOC le DEM báalam-o' jaguar-D2 ‘The man got afraid of the jaguar.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
124 |
|
(125) Le xibpalo' ku k'ahóoltik le xch'úupalo'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 k'ahóol-t-ik know-TRR-INCMPL le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The boy knows the girl.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
125 |
|
(126) Le xch'úupalo' k'ah-óolta'n ka'ch tumen le xibpalo'. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 k'ahóol-t-a'n know-TRR-RSLTV ka'ch past tumen by le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The girl was known by the boy.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Passive |
126 |
|
(127) Le xibpalo' táan u haanal. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 haan-al eat-INCMPL ‘The boy is eating.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
127 |
|
(128) Le xibpalo' u k'ahóoltmah ka'ch le xch'úupalo'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 u SBJ.3 k'ahóol-t-mah know-TRR-PART.PERF ka'ch past le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The boy knew the girl.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
128 |
|
(129) Ho'lheake' tukulta'b/tukla'b le chiichtsil(o') tumen le xch'úupalo'. ho'lheak-e' yesterday-TOP tukul-t-a'b/tukul-a'b think-TRR-PASS.CMPL/think-PASS.CMPL le DEM chiich-tsil-o' grandmother-ABSOL-D2 tumen by le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘Yesterday the grandmother was thought of by the girl.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Passive |
129 |
|
(130) Ya'b u tuukul le xch'úupalo'. ya'b much u SBJ.3 tuukul think\INTROV le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The girl thinks much.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
130 |
|
(131) Ku kaxta'l le xch'úupo'b tumen le máako' . k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 kax-t-a'l search-TRR-PASS.INCMPL le DEM xch'úup-o'b woman-PL tumen by le DEM máak-o' person-D2 ‘The women are sought by the man.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
131 |
|
(132) Táan in kaaxan. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG kaaxan search\INTROV ‘I am searching.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
132 |
|
(133) Isinta'b le chaampal tumen le ko'lelo'. isíin-t-a'b bathe-TRR-PASS.CMPL le DEM chaampal baby tumen by le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 ‘The baby was washed by the woman.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Passive |
133 |
|
(134) Le ko'lelo' táan u yichkíil. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 y-ichkíil 0-wash ‘The woman is bathing.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
134 |
|
(135) Le wíiniko' tu ts'ikah u báah. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ts'ik-ah shave-CMPL u POSS.3 báah self ‘The man shaved (himself).’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
135 |
|
(136) Hwaane' tu ts'ikah Peedroh. Hwaan-e' John-TOP t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ts'ik-ah shave-CMPL Peedroh Peter ‘John shaved Peter.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
136 |
|
(137) Le máako' ku ts'iik. le DEM máak-o' person-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ts'iik shave\INTROV ‘That person shaves (people).’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
137 |
|
(138) Le xibpalo'bo' áanta'bo'b tumen teen. le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 áant-a'b-o'b help-PASS.CMPL-PL tumen by teen me ‘The boys were helped by me.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Passive |
138 |
|
(139) Le máako' ku yáantah. le DEM máak-o' person-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-áant-ah 0-help-INTROV(INCMPL) ‘This person helps.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
139 |
|
(140) Le xch'úupalo'bo' ku ch'a'bal u paacho'b tumen le xibpalo'bo'. le DEM xch'úupal-o'b-o' girl-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a'b-al take:PASS-INCMPL u POSS.3 pach-o'b back-PL tumen by le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 ‘The girls are followed by the boys.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Passive |
140 |
|
(141) Le xch'úupalo' táan u tsikbal. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 tsikbal talk ‘The girl is talking.’ |
★ | TALK | the Verb form tsikbal | 141 |
|
(142) Ku t'a'nal tu k'aaba'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 t'a'n-al call\PASS-INCMPL ti' LOC u POSS.3 k'aaba' name ‘He is called by his name.’ |
★ | CALL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
142 |
|
(143) Le xibpalo' máantats' u k'áat(bal). le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 máantats' constantly u SBJ.3 k'áat-bal ask-INTROV ‘The boy always demands.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
143 |
|
(144) In taataho'be' paaklan u k'áatik u báaho'b taak'in. in POSS.1SG taatah-o'b-e' father-PL-TOP paaklan each.other u SBJ.3 k'áat-ik ask-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL taak'in money ‘My parents ask each other for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
144 |
|
(145) Tu yilah le kaano' káa aawatnahih. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-il-ah 0-see-CMPL le DEM kaan-o' snake-D2 káa CONJ aawat-nah-ih call\INTROV-CMPL-ABS.3SG ‘He saw the snake and cried.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
145 |
|
(146) Ichil to'ne' paaklan k tsikbaltik úuchben tsikbalo'b. ichil inside to'n-e' us-TOP paaklan each.other k SBJ.1PL tsikbal-t-ik talk-TRR-INCMPL úuchben old tsikbal-o'b story-PL ‘In our group we tell each other old stories.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
146 |
|
(147) Kin tsikbaltik tin báah. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG tsikbal-t-ik talk-TRR-INCMPL ti' LOC in POSS.1SG báah self ‘I am talking to myself.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
147 |
|
(148) Káach u xikin in p'úul. h PRFV káach break\DEAG u POSS.3 xikin ear in POSS.1SG p'úul jug ‘The handle of my jug broke off.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
148 |
|
(149) H kíim u k'ux-óolal le máak yéetel báato'. h PRFV kíim die u POSS.3 k'uxóolal enemy le DEM máak person yéetel with báat-o' axe-D2 ‘The man's enemy died from an axe.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
149 |
|
(150) Kíinsa'b yéetel báat u k'ux-óolal le wíiniko' . kíins-a'b kill-PASS.CMPL yéetel with báat axe u POSS.3 k'uxóolal enemy le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 ‘The enemy was killed by the man with an axe.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
150 |
|
(151) Le xibpalo'bo' ku ch'a'iko'b u paach le xch'úupalo'bo'. le DEM xibpal-o'b-o' boy-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a'-ik-o'b take-INCMPL-PL u POSS.3 paach back le DEM xch'úupal-o'b-o' girl-PL-D2 ‘The boys follow the girls.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
151 |
|
(152) Yéetel ha'ha'ile' ku búulul ch'aka'n. yéetel with ha'ha'il-e' rainy.season-D3 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 búul-ul submerge\DEAG-INCMPL ch'aka'n savannah ‘In the rainy season, the savannah gets drowned.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
152 |
|
(153) Ku pa'bal le kalomk'iino'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 pa'b-al break:PASS-INCMPL le DEM kalomk'iin-o' window-D2 ‘The window is being broken.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Passive |
153 |
|
(154) Ch'a'b u taak'in le wíinik tumen u láak'o'. ch'a'b take:PASS(CMPL) u POSS.3 taak'in money le DEM wíinik man tumen by u POSS.3 láak'-o' equal-D2 ‘The man's money was taken by his friend.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Passive |
154 |
|
(155) Ha't hunwáal le analte' tumen le xch'úupalo'. ha't tear\PASS(CMPL) hun-wáal one-CL.flat le DEM analte' book tumen by le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘A page of the book was torn by the girl.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
155 |
|
(156) Tin bulah le tuncho'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG bul-ah submerge-CMPL le DEM tuunich-o' stone-D2 ‘I submerged the stone.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
156 |
|
(157) Le xibpalo' ku p'uuch. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 p'uuch beat\INTROV ‘The boy beats.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
157 |
|
(158) Hwaan yéetel u yatane' ku (paaklan) hats'ik u báaho'b. Hwaan John yéetel with u POSS.3 y-atan-e' 0-wife-D3 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other hats'-ik beat-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘John and his wife beat each other.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
158 |
|
(159) Le xibpalo' tu ts'íilah u sool le che'o'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ts'íil-ah peel-CMPL u POSS.3 sóol shell le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ‘The boy peeled the bark off the tree.’ |
★ | PEEL | the Verb form ts'íil | 159 |
|
(160) Le xibpalo' ku ts'íil. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ts'íil peel ‘The boy peels.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
160 |
|
(161) Ku ch'a'pachtik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a'pach-t-ik pursue-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They pursue each other.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
161 |
|
(162) Tu naktáant u báaho'b k'íiwik. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 naktáan-t-ah meet-TRR-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL k'íiwik market ‘They met at the market.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
162 |
|
(163) Ku paklant'aantik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paklan-t'aan-t-ik each.other-speak-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They speak to each other.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
163 |
|
(164) Kin k'áatchi'tik in báah wáa hach haahil in yaabilmah. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG k'áat-chi'-t-ik ask-mouth-TRR-INCMPL in POSS.1SG báah self wáah if hach really haahil true in POSS.1SG yaabil-mah love-PART.PERF ‘I ask myself if I really love her.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
164 |
|
(165) Ku paaklan awtik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other awat-ik shout-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They shout at each other.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
165 |
|
(166) Tu paaklan ya'lah u báaho'be' buka'h u yaabiltmah u báaho'b . t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other a'l-ah say-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b-e' self-PL-D3 buka'h how.much u SBJ.3 yaabil-t-mah love-TRR-PART.PERF u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They told each other how much they love each other.’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
166 |
|
(167) Tu paaklan kíinsah u báaho'b. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other kíins-ah kill-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They killed each other.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
167 |
|
(168) U nohochilo'be' tu kíinsah u báah. u POSS.3 nohoch-il-o'b-e' big-ABSTR-PL-TOP t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kíins-ah kill-CMPL u POSS.3 báah self ‘Their chef killed himself.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
168 |
|
(169) Le paalo'be' ku ta'kik u báaho'b tu báatsilo'b. le DEM paal-o'b-e' child-PL-D3 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ta'k-ik hide-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ti' LOC u POSS.3 báahtsil-o'b self:ABSOL-PL ‘The children hide from each other.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
169 |
|
(170) Táan u ye'sah. táan PROG u SBJ.3 y-e's-ah 0-show-INTROV(INCMPL) ‘He is showing.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
170 |
|
(171) Ku paaklan ye'sik u báaho'b ichil leti'o'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other y-e's-ik 0-show-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ichil inside leti'-o'b that.one-PL ‘They show themselves to each other.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
171 |
|
(172) Ku ye'sik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-e's-ik 0-show-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They show/exhibit themselves.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
172 |
|
(173) Ku ts'a'ik u k'abo'b ichil u báatsilo'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ts'a'-ik put/give-INCMPL u POSS.3 k'ab-o'b hand-PL ichil inside u POSS.3 báah-tsil-o'b self-ABSOL-PL ‘They give each other their hands.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
173 |
|
(174) Ku ts'a'ik síihbalo'b ichil u báatsilo'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ts'a'-ik put/give-INCMPL síihbal-o'b present-PL ichil inside u POSS.3 báah-tsil-o'b self-ABSOL-PL ‘They give each other presents.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
174 |
|
(175) Túuxta'b lool ti' le chiicho'. túuxt-a'b send-PASS.CMPL lool flower ti' LOC le DEM chiich-o' grandmother-D2 ‘Flowers were sent to the grandmother.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Passive |
175 |
|
(176) Tu paaklan túuxtah lool'ob ti' u báaho'b. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other túuxt-ah send-CMPL lool-o'b flower-PL ti' LOC u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They sent each other flowers.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
176 |
|
(177) Tin túuxtah loolo'b tin báah. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG túuxt-ah send-CMPL lool-o'b flower-PL ti' LOC in POSS.1SG báah self ‘I sent flowers to myself .’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
177 |
|
(178) Uts k bisik (k) báah. uts good k SBJ.1PL bis-ik carry-INCMPL k POSS.1PL báah self ‘We get along with each other.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
178 |
|
(179) Ku pulik u báah (tu húunal) le tuk'ucho'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 pul-ik throw-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah self ti' LOC u POSS.3 huunal alone le DEM tuk'uch-o' bug-D2 ‘The bug bounces up by itself.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
179 |
|
(180) Ku paaklan ch'inik u báaho'b yéetel tuunich. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ch'in-ik pelt-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL yéetel with tuunich stone ‘They throw stones at each other.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
180 |
|
(181) Teech ka puul. teech you k-a IMPF-SBJ.2 puul throw\INTROV ‘It's your turn to throw.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
181 |
|
(182) Lep' a wóol yéetel le suumo'! - Pa'tiki', h k'áaxih. lep' hurry a POSS.2 w-óol 0-mind yéetel with le DEM suum-o' rope-D2 pa't-ik-i' wait-INCMPL-LOCF h PRFV k'áax-ih tie\DEAG(CMPL)-ABS.3SG ‘Hurry up with the rope! - Wait a moment, it got entangled.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
182 |
|
(183) Ku paklank'axtik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paklan-k'ax-t-ik each.other-tie-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-P ‘They tie each other.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
183 |
|
(184) Tin láalah ha' tin wóok'ol. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG láal-ah pour-CMPL ha' water ti' LOC in POSS.1SG w-óok'ol 0-over ‘I poured water over myself.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
184 |
|
(185) Le paalalo'bo' ku paaklan láalik ha' tu báaho'b. le DEM paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other láal-ik pour-INCMPL ha' water ti' LOC u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘The children dabble water at each other.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
185 |
|
(186) Ku láalha'tik u báho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 láal-ha'-t-ik pour-water-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They throw water at themselves.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
186 |
|
(187) Le yik'lo'bo' ku paaklan haantik u báaho'b. le DEM y-ik'el-o'b-o' 0-insect-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other haan-t-ik eat-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘The insects eat each other.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
187 |
|
(188) Le ba'lche'o' ku haantik u báah. le DEM ba'lche'-o' animal-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 haan-t-ik eat-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah self ‘That animal eats itself.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
188 |
|
(189) Le máako'bo' ku paaklan méek'ik u báaho'b tumen táant u yilik u báaho'be'. le DEM máak-o'b-o' person-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other méek'-ik hug-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL tumen because táant IMM.PAST u SBJ.3 y-il-ik 0-see-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b-e' self-PL-D3 ‘The men hug each other because they just met.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
189 |
|
(190) Ku yilik u báah ichil le ha'o'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-il-ik 0-see-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah self ichil inside le DEM ha'-o' water-D2 ‘He sees himself in the water.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
190 |
|
(191) Le xibpalo' ma' tu yu'bah. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ma' NEG t-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-u'b-ah 0-feel-INTROV(INCMPL) ‘The boy does not listen.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
191 |
|
(192) Leti'o'be' tu yu'bah u báaho'b. leti'-o'b-e' that.one-PL-TOP t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-u'b-ah 0-feel-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They felt/heard each other.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
192 |
|
(193) Leti'o'be' tu yu'bah u báaho'b hach xibo'b. leti'-o'b-e' that.one-PL-TOP t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-u'b-ah 0-feel-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL hach really xib-o'b man-PL ‘They felt really macho.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
193 |
|
(194) Ku paaklan ch'a'ik sahakilo'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ch'a'-ik take-INCMPL sahak-il-o'b afraid-ABSTR-PL ‘They fear each other.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
194 |
|
(195) Ku ch'a'ik sahakil tu báah. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a'-ik take-INCMPL sahak-il afraid-ABSTR ti' LOC u POSS.3 báah self ‘He is afraid of himself.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
195 |
|
(196) Ku paaklan sahakkunsik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other sahak-kuns-ik afraid-FACT-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They frighten each other.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
196 |
|
(197) Ku uts-ichtik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 uts-ich-t-ik good-eye-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They like each other.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
197 |
|
(198) Teene' in k'ahóoltmah in báah. teen-e' me-TOP in SBJ.1SG k'ahóol-t-mah know-TRR-PART.PERF in POSS.1SG báah self ‘I know myself.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
198 |
|
(199) Le xch'úupalo' chéen ku tukultik u báah. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 chéen only k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 tukul-t-ik think-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah self ‘The girl thinks only of herself.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
199 |
|
(200) Ku paaklan ichkíilo'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ichkíil-o'b wash-PL ‘The two bathe together.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
200 |
|
(201) Ku paaklan ts'ikik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ts'ik-ik shave-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They shave each other.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
201 |
|
(202) Le máako'bo' ku paaklan áantik u báaho'b. le DEM máak-o'b-o' person-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other áant-ik help-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘The persons help each other.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
202 |
|
(203) Áant a báah ka áanta'kech tumen yúum k'uh. áant help a POSS.2 báah self káa CONJ áant-a'k-ech help-SUBJ.PASS-ABS.2SG tumen by yúum lord k'uh god ‘Help yourself, then god will help you.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
203 |
|
(204) Ku píixil in nal yéetel k'áax. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 píix-il cover\DEAG-INCMPL in POSS.1.SG nal corncob yéetel with k'áax jungle ‘My corn plants cover with brush.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
204 |
|
(205) But' le nal teh xuuxo'. but' fill le DEM nal corncob ti' LOC le DEM xuux-o' long.basket-D2 ‘Put the corn cobs into the basket (to fill it).’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
205 |
|
(206) Ku paaklan ts'a'ik u kuucho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ts'a'-ik put/give-INCMPL u POSS.3 kuuch-o'b load-PL ‘They load each other with their burdens.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
206 |
|
(207) Kin chak'ichtik le xch'úupalo'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG chak'-ich-t-ik blink-eye-TRR-INCMPL le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘I blink at the girl.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Incorporative |
207 |
|
(208) Ku chak'ichtik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 chak'-ich-t-ik blink-eye-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They blink at each other.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
208 |
|
(209) Tu se'ntah in wich. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 se'n-t-ah cough-TRR-CMPL in POSS.1SG w-ich 0-eye ‘He coughed at my face.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
209 |
|
(210) Le ahk'aayo'bo' h k'aaynaho'b ti' le hala'cho'. le DEM ah-k'aay-o'b-o' AG.M-sing\INTROV-PL-D2 h PRFV k'aay-nah-o'b sing\INTROV-CMPL-PL ti' LOC le DEM hala'ch-o' noble-D2 ‘The singers sang for the nobleman.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
210 |
|
(211) Ku paklank'aytik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paklan-k'ay-t-ik each.other-sing-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They sing for each other.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
211 |
|
(212) Peedrohe' tu kahkunsah xLuupe. Peedroh-e' Peter-TOP t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kah-kuns-ah live-FACT-CMPL x-Luupe F-Lupe ‘Pedro married Lupe.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
212 |
|
(213) Kin che'htik in báah. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG che'h-t-ik laugh-TRR-INCMPL in POSS.1SG báah self ‘I am laughing about myself.’ |
★ | LAUGH ABOUT |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
213 |
|
(214) Tin yahkuntah in k'ab ikil in pets'ik le boolaho'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG yah-kunt-ah hurt-FACT-CMPL in POSS.1SG k'ab hand ikil owing.to in SBJ.1SG pets'-ik grab-INCMPL le DEM boolah-o' ball-D2 ‘I injured my hand because I grabbed that ball.’ |
★ | HURT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
214 |
|
(215) Yan u paaklan báaxalo'b. yan DEB u SBJ.3 paaklan each.other báaxal-o'b play-PL ‘Each of them has to play with one of the others.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
215 |
|
(216) Le ba'lo' ku ok'om-óoltiken. le DEM ba'l-o' thing-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ok'om-óol-t-ik-en sad-mind-TRR-INCMPL-ABS.1SG ‘That thing makes me sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
216 |
|
(217) Le meyaho' ku wi'hkunsiken. le DEM meyah-o' work-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 wi'h-kuns-ik-en hungry-FACT-INCMPL-ABS.1SG ‘The work makes me hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
217 |
|
(218) Kin balak'tik le boolaho'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG balak'-t-ik roll-TRR-INCMPL le DEM boolah-o' ball-D2 ‘I roll the ball.’ |
★ | ROLL (tr) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
218 |
|
(219) Le ke'lo ku yahkunsik in k'ab. le DEM ke'l-o cold-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 yah-kuns-ik hurt-FACT-INCMPL in POSS.1SG k'ab hand ‘The cold makes my hand hurt.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
219 |
|
(220) Le iik'o' ku ke'lkunsiken. le DEM iik'-o' air-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ke'l-kuns-ik-en cold-FACT-INCMPL-ABS.1SG ‘The wind cools me down.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
220 |
|
(221) Kíinsa'b huntúul kéeh teh k'áaxo'. kíins-a'b kill-PASS.CMPL hun-túul one-CL.AN kéeh deer ti' LOC le DEM k'áax-o' jungle-D2 ‘A deer was killed in the woods.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
221 |
|
(222) Ba'x ku báaxtik le chaampalo'? ba'x what k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 báax-t-ik play-TRR-INCMPL le DEM chaampal-o' baby-D2 ‘What does the child play?’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
222 |
|
(223) Báaxta'b kóochek' wóolis ho'lheak. báax-t-a'b play-TRR-PASS.CMPL kóochek' kick wóolis ball ho'lheak yesterday ‘Football was played yesterday.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Passive |
223 |
|
(224) Le paalo'bo' ku paaklan báaxal ti' le k'íiwiko'. le DEM paal-o'b-o' child-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other báaxal play ti' LOC le DEM k'íiwik-o' market-D2 ‘The kids play with each other on the market.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
224 |
|
(225) Ma' ok'om-óoltik . ma' NEG ok'om sad óol-t-ik mind-TRR-INCMPL ‘Don't be sad about it.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
225 |
|
(226) Ok'om-óolta'b úuchik u kíimih. ok'om-óol-t-a'b sad-mind-TRR-PASS.CMPL úuchik OBL.SR u SBJ.3 kíim-il die-INCMPL ‘It caused grief that she died.’ |
★ | BE SAD ABOUT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
226 |
|
(227) Le ki'waho' ku wi'hkuntiken. le DEM ki'wah-o' main.dish-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 wi'h-kunt-ik-en hungry-FACT-INCMPL-ABS.1SG ‘The food makes me hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
227 |
|
(228) Kin wilik le hanalo' ku wi'hkunsiken. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG w-il-ik 0-see-INCMPL le DEM haanal-o' food-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 wi'h-kuns-ik-en hungry-FACT-INCMPL-ABS.1SG ‘It makes me hungry to see the food.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
228 |
|
(229) Kin balk'esik le tuunicho'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG balak'-es-ik roll-CAUS-INCMPL le DEM tuunich-o' stone-D2 ‘I roll that stone.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
229 |
|
(230) Kin balak'tik le nuxi' che'a'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG balak'-t-ik roll-TRR-INCMPL le DEM nuxib old che'-a' wood-D1 ‘I am rolling this big tree.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
230 |
|
(231) Balak't'ab te'l kaabalo' . balak'-t-a'b roll-TRR-PASS.CMPL te'l there kaabal-o' down-D2 ‘He/she/it was rolled down there.’ |
★ | ROLL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Passive |
231 |
|
(232) Ku paaklan balak'tik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other balak'-t-ik roll-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They roll each other.’ |
★ | ROLL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
232 |
|
(233) Le kutsha'o' tu bulah u báah káa tu yilahen. le DEM kutsha'-o' duck-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 bul-ah submerge-CMPL u POSS.3 báah self ka'h when.NONFUT t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 y-il-ah-en 0-see-CMPL-ABS.1SG ‘The duck dived when it saw me.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
233 |
|
(234) Ku paaklan bulik u poolo'b ichil le ha'o'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other bul-ik submerge-INCMPL u POSS.3 pool-o'b head-PL ichil inside le DEM ha'-o' water-D2 ‘They submerge each other's head into the water.’ |
★ | SINK (tr) |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
234 |
|
(235) Bix éelikech ? bix how éel-ik-ech burn-INCMPL-ABS.2SG ‘How did you get burnt?’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
235 |
|
(236) Tóoka'b u kool tumen u paal. tóok-a'b burn-PASS.CMPL u POSS.3 kool milpa tumen by u POSS.3 paal child ‘His milpa was burnt by his son.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
an Alternation:
Passive |
236 |
|
(237) Tin tóok in báah káa tin machah le xamacho' . t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG tóok-ah burn-CMPL in POSS.1SG báah self ka'h when.NONFUT t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG mach-ah seize-CMPL le DEM xamach-o' cooktop-D2 ‘I burnt myself when I touched the cooktop.’ |
★ | BURN (tr) |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
237 |
|
(238) Ku k'áaxal u le' nikte'o'b (tu) yóok'ol in nahil. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 k'áax-al rain-INCMPL u POSS.3 le' leaf nikte'-o'b flower-PL ti' LOC u POSS.3 y-óok'ol 0-over in POSS.1SG nah-il house-REL ‘It rains leaves of flowers on my house.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
238 |
|
(239) K'áax toop tu y-óok'ol. h PRFV k'áax rain toop misfortune ti' LOC u POSS.3 y-óok'ol 0-over ‘It rained misfortune on him.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
239 |
|
(240) Le ts'oonnáalo' tu kíinsah huntúul kéeh. le DEM ts'oon-náal-o' hunter-AG-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kíins-ah kill-CMPL hun-túul one-CL.AN kéeh deer ‘The hunter killed a deer.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER | the Verb form hts'oon | 240 |
|
(241) H binen huuch'. h PRFV bin-en go-ABS.1SG huuch' grind\INTROV ‘I went to grind.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
241 |
|
(242) Hu'ch' in k'ab tumen le tuunicho' . hu'ch' grind\PASS in POSS.1SG k'ab hand tumen by le DEM tuunich-o' stone-D2 ‘My hand was crushed by the stone.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Passive |
242 |
|
(243) Cho' a báah! cho' clean a POSS.2 báah self ‘Clean yourself!’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
243 |
|
(244) Binen púus. h PRFV bin-en go(CMPL)-ABS.1SG púus remove.dust ‘I went cleaning.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
244 |
|
(245) Púusta'b ich nah. púus-t-a'b remove.dust-TRR-PASS.CMPL ich in nah house ‘It was cleaned inside the house.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Passive |
245 |
|
(246) Púust a báah. púus-t remove.dust-TRR a POSS.2 báah self ‘Clean yourself.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
246 |
|
(247) Ku paaklan púustik yicho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other púus-t-ik remove.dust-TRR-INCMPL y-ich-o'b POSS.3-eye-PL ‘They clean each other's face.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
247 |
|
(248) Le xch'úupalo' bin u páan u wi' makal. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 h PRFV bin go u SBJ.3 páan lay.bare u POSS.3 wi' bulb makal yams ‘The girl went to dig out yams bulbs.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
248 |
|
(249) Láah páana'b in pak'al xi'm. láah all páan-a'b lay.bare-PASS.CMPL in POSS.1SG paak'al CL.seed ixi'm corn ‘All my corn plants were dug out.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Passive |
249 |
|
(250) Léench'inta'b tumen u suku'n ichil le ha'o'. léen-ch'in-t-a'b push-pelt-TRR-PASS.CMPL tumen by u POSS.3 suku'n elder.brother ichil inside le DEM ha'-o' water-D2 ‘He was pushed into the water by his elder brother.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Passive |
250 |
|
(251) Ku paaklan léench'intik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other léen-ch'in-t-ik push-pelt-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They push each other.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
251 |
|
(252) H tu'l káa lúubih. h PRFV tu'l push\PASS káa CONJ lúub-ih fall-ABS.3SG ‘He was pushed and fell.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Passive |
252 |
|
(253) Taasa'b teen huncháach nikte'o'b. h PRFV taas-a'b bring-PASS.CMPL teen me hun-cháach one-handful nikte'-o'b flower-PL ‘I was brought a handful of flowers.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Passive |
253 |
|
(254) Ku paaklan taasik u kuucho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other taas-ik bring-INCMPL u POSS.3 kuuch-o'b load-PL ‘They bring each other's burden.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
254 |
|
(255) Le ko'lelo' tu ka'nsah ti' le xch'úupalo' hunp'éel k'aay. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ka'n-s-ah learn\PASS-CAUS-CMPL ti' LOC le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN k'aay song ‘The lady taught the girl a song.’ |
★ | TEACH | the Verb form ka'ns | 255 |
|
(256) Máax le ku ka'nsah waye'? máax who le DEM k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ka'n-s-ah learn\PASS-CAUS-INTROV(INCMPL) way-e' here-D3 ‘Who teaches here?’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
256 |
|
(257) Ma' in wohel máax ku yookol waye'. ma' NEG in SBJ.1SG w-ohel 0-know máax who k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-ookol 0-steal way-e' here-D3 ‘I don't know who is stealing here.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
257 |
|
(258) Ho'lheake' ook'olta'b tuláakal in taak'in. ho'lheak-e' yesterday-D3 h PRFV ookol-t-a'b steal-TRR-PASS.CMPL tuláakal all in POSS.1SG taak'in money ‘Yesterday all my money was stolen.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
258 |
|
(259) Ka'nsa'ben utsil t'aan maaya tumen in ahkaanbesah. ka'n-s-a'b-en learn\PASS-CAUS-PASS.CMPL-ABS.1SG utsil well t'aan speak maaya maya tumen by in POSS.1SG ah-kaanbesah AG.M-teacher ‘I was taught to speak Maya well by my teacher.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Passive |
259 |
|
(260) Ku paaklan ka'nsik u báaho'b heheláas t'aano'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other ka'ns-ik teach-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL heheláas various t'aan-o'b word-PL ‘They teach each other various languages.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
260 |
|
(261) Ku paaklan yu'b-ik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other y-u'b-ik 0-feel-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They hear each other.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
261 |
|
(262) Le ko'lelo' ku chaakal bul k'iin. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 chaak-al cook\INTROV-INCMPL bul entire k'iin sun/day ‘The woman cooks all the day.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
262 |
|
(263) Cha'k u bak'el k'éek'en utia'l in haante'. cha'k cook\PASS u POSS.3 bak'-el flesh-REL k'éek'en pig utia'l for in SBJ.1SG haan-t-e' eat-TRR-D3 ‘Pork meat was cooked for me to eat.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Passive |
263 |
|
(264) Táan in lookansik le ki'waho'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG look-ans-ik boil-CAUS-INCMPL le DEM ki'wah-o' main.dish-D2 ‘I am boiling the food.’ |
★ | BOIL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
264 |
|
(265) Lookansa'b le ki'waho'? look-ans-a'b boil-CAUS-PASS.CMPL le DEM ki'wah-o' main.dish-D2 ‘Has the food been boiled?’ |
★ | BOIL (tr) |
an Alternation:
Passive |
265 |
|
(266) Kin chíikbesik ta táan. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG chíik-bes-ik appear-CAUS-INCMPL ti' LOC a POSS.2 táan front ‘I let it appear before you.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
266 |
|
(267) Ba'x k'oha'nkunsech? ba'x what k'oha'n-kuns-ech sick-FACT-ABS.2SG ‘What made you sick?’ |
★ | BE ILL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
267 |
|
(268) K'oha'nkunta'b tumen le ke'lo'. k'oha'n-kunt-a'b sick-FACT-PASS.CMPL tumen by le DEM ke'l-o' cold-D2 ‘He got sick from the cold.’ |
★ | MAKE SICK |
an Alternation:
Passive |
268 |
|
(269) K'oha'nkunt a báah tu yóolal ma' bin meyah. k'oha'n-kunt sick-FACT a POSS.2 báah self ti' LOC u POSS.3 y-o'lal 0-reason ma' NEG a SBJ.2 bin go meyah work ‘Make yourself sick so that you don't go to work.’ |
★ | MAKE SICK |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
269 |
|
(270) Ba'x ka wook'tik? ba'x what k-a IMPF-SBJ.2 w-ook'-t-ik 0-cry-TRR-INCMPL ‘What are you crying about?’ |
★ | CRY |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
270 |
|
(271) Ook'ta'b tumen u paalalo'b káa h kíimih. ook'-t-a'b cry-TRR-PASS.CMPL tumen by u POSS.3 paal-al-o'b child-COLL-PL ka'h when.NONFUT h PRFV kíim-ih die-ABS.3SG ‘His children cried for him when he died.’ |
★ | CRY ABOUT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
271 |
|
(272) Bix lúubik? bix how lúub-ik fall-CMPL.EXTRAFOC ‘How did it fall?’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
272 |
|
(273) Tin lúubsah le nuxi' che'o'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG lúub-s-ah fall-CAUS-CMPL le DEM nuxib old che'-o' wood-D2 ‘I felled that old/big tree.’ |
★ | FALL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
273 |
|
(274) Lúubsa'b le che' tumen le iik'o'. lúub-s-a'b fall-CAUS-PASS.CMPL le DEM che' wood tumen by le DEM iik'-o' air-D2 ‘The tree was felled by the wind.’ |
★ | FELL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
274 |
|
(275) Behe'la' in k'aame' . behe'la' today in SBJ.1SG k'aam-e' receive\INTROV-D3 ‘Today I receive.’ |
★ | GET |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
275 |
|
(276) K'a'm yéetel ki'mak óolal tumen u suku'no'b. k'a'm receive\PASS(CMPL) yéetel with ki'mak-óol-al happy-mind-ABSTR tumen by u POSS.3 suku'n-o'b elder.brother-PL ‘He was received with joy by his brothers.’ |
★ | GET |
an Alternation:
Passive |
276 |
|
(277) Beeta'b le nah yéetel xa'no' tumen hach k'íilk'ab. beet-a'b do-PASS.CMPL le DEM nah house yéetel with xa'n-o' palm-D2 tumen because hach really k'íilk'ab hot ‘The house was built out of palm leaves because it is really hot.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Passive |
277 |
|
(278) Ma' a beetik a báah beey ma' a wohele' . ma' NEG a SBJ.2 beet-ik do-INCMPL a POSS.2 báah self beey thus ma' NEG a SBJ.2 w-ohel-e' 0-know-D3 ‘Don't pretend not to know it.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
278 |
|
(279) Le máako' ku haats'. le DEM máak-o' person-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 haats' beat\INTROV ‘That person beats.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
279 |
|
(280) Ha't u nook' tumen u yíitsin. ha't tear\PASS(CMPL) u POSS.3 nook' clothing tumen by u POSS.3 y-íiits'in 0-younger.sibling ‘His dress was torn by his younger brother.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
280 |
|
(281) Háat in nook'. háat tear\DEAG in POSS.1SG nook' clothing ‘My clothes tore.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
281 |
|
(282) K'áax in wook ichil le suumo'. h PRFV k'áax tie\DEAG in POSS.1SG w-ook 0-foot ichil inside le DEM suum-o' rope-D2 ‘My foot got tied in the rope.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
282 |
|
(283) Ku chu'pul le ch'óoyo'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 chu'p-ul fill\PASS-INCMPL le DEM ch'óoy-o' bucket-D2 ‘The bucket is filled.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
283 |
|
(284) Le xch'uupalo' tu chak'ah teen u yich. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 chak'-ah blink-CMPL teen me u POSS.3 y-ich 0-eye ‘The girl blinked at me.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V ti'+2 1 |
284 |
|
(285) Kin na'ksik le kuuch yóok'ol le tsíimino'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG na'k-s-ik climb-CAUS-INCMPL le DEM kuuch load y-óok'ol 0-over le DEM tsíimin-o' horse-D2 ‘I load the burden on the horse.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
an Alternation:
Causative |
285 |
|
(286) Kulkins yóok'ol le k'áanche'o'. kul-kins sit-FACT y-óok'ol 0-over le DEM k'áan-che'-o' hammock-wood-D2 ‘Make him sit (down) on the stool.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
286 |
|
(287) Le máako' ku síit'tik le kooto'. le DEM máak-o' person-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 síit'-t-ik jump-TRR-INCMPL le DEM koot-o' wall-D2 ‘That man jumps over the wall.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
287 |
|
(288) Le xk'ook'o' ts'o'k u kahik u k'ay. le DEM x-k'ook'-o' F-nightingale-D2 ts'o'k TERM u SBJ.3 kah-ik begin-INCMPL u SBJ.3 k'aay sing\INTROV ‘The nightingale has begun to sing.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
288 |
|
(289) Hóok'es le peek' ich naho'. hóok'-es leave-CAUS le DEM peek' dog ich in nah-o' house-D2 ‘Chase the dog out of the house.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
289 |
|
(290) Kahbesa'b xLuupe tumen Hwaan. h PRFV kah-bes-a'b live-CAUS-PASS.CMPL x-Luupe F-Lupe tumen by Hwaan John ‘Lupe was taken to live with (~ married) by John.’ |
★ | MARRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
290 |
|
(291) Tin che'htik ba'x ka wa'lik. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG che'h-t-ik laugh-TRR-INCMPL ba'x what k-a IMPF-SBJ.2 w-a'l-ik 0-say-INCMPL ‘I am laughing about what you say.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
291 |
|
(292) Máax le ku choo' waye'? máax who le DEM k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 choo' clean\INTROV way-e' here-D3 ‘Who cleans here?’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
292 |
|
(293) K'a'm in ti'bilóolal. k'a'm receive\PASS(CMPL) in POSS.1SG ti'bilóolal sacrifical.offering ‘My present was received.’ |
★ | GET |
an Alternation:
Passive |
293 |
|
(294) H káach in k'ab. h PRFV káach break\DEAG in POSS.1SG k'ab hand ‘My arm broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
294 |
|
(295) Tu'x kóoh a k'ab h boonol? tu'x where kóoh toss\DEAG a POSS.2 k'ab hand boonol coloured ‘Where got your hand tossed, which is coloured?’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
295 |
|
(296) Le peek'o' ku ch'a'ch'a'boktik tu'x máan le kéeho'. le DEM peek'-o' dog-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 ch'a-ch'a'bok-t-ik RED-smell-TRR-INCMPL tu'x where máan pass(CMPL) le DEM kéeh-o' deer-D2 ‘The dog smells where the deer passed.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
296 |
|
(297) Ku haantik u báaho'b tu yo'lal le p'eekil yaan ti'o'bo'. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 haan-t-ik eat-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL t-u LOC-POSS.3 y-o'lal 0-reason le DEM p'eek-il hate-ABSTR yaan EXIST ti'-o'b-o' LOC-PL-D2 ‘They nearly eat each other due to the hate they feel against each other.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
297 |
|
(298) Tu méek'ah u báaho'b úuchik u yilik u báaho'b. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 méek'-ah hug-CMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL úuchik OBL.SR u SBJ.3 y-il-ik 0-see-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They hugged each other when they met.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
298 |
|
(299) Teene' ma' tin paakat. teen-e' me-TOP ma' NEG t-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG paakat look\INTROV ‘I can't see.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
299 |
|
(300) Tu paaklan paaktik u báaho'be' utia'l u hach k'ahóoltik u báaho'b. táan PROG u SBJ.3 paaklan each.other pakat-ik look-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b-e' self-PL-D3 utia'l for u SBJ.3 hach really k'ahóol-t-ik know-TRR-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They are looking at each other in order to recognize each other.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
300 |
|
(301) Tu paktah u báah ti' le néeno'. t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 pakat-ah look-CMPL u POSS.3 báah self ti' LOC le DEM néen-o' mirror-D2 ‘He looked at himself in the mirror.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
301 |
|
(302) Ku paaklan sahbesik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other sah-bes-ik fear-CAUS-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They frighten each other.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
302 |
|
(303) U paaklan k'ahóol u báaho'b le beetik ma' tu ya'liko'b mixba'l. u SBJ.3 paaklan each.other k'ahóol know u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL le DEM beetik makes ma' NEG t-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-a'l-ik-o'b 0-say-INCMPL-PL mixba'l nothing ‘They know each other that is why they say nothing.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
303 |
|
(304) H náak u yóol kaaxan. h PRFV náak annoyed u POSS.3 y-óol 0-mind kaaxan search\INTROV ‘He got sick of searching.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
304 |
|
(305) Ts'íila'b tuláakal le che'o'bo'. ts'íil-a'b peel-PASS.CMPL tuláakal all le DEM che'-o'b-o' wood-PL-D2 ‘All the trees were peeled.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
305 |
|
(306) Tin tikinkuntah le sikila'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG tikin-kunt-ah dry-FACT-CMPL le DEM sikil-a' pumpkin.seed-D1 ‘I dried the pumpkin seed.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
306 |
|
(307) Tikinkunsa'b yáanal k'iin . tikin-kuns-a'b dry-FACT-PASS.CMPL y-áanal 0-under k'iin sun/day ‘It was dried under the sun.’ |
★ | DRY |
an Alternation:
Passive |
307 |
|
(308) Tin tikinkunsah le ixi'ima'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG tikin-kuns-ah dry-FACT-CMPL le DEM ixi'm-a' corn-D1 ‘I dried the corn.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
308 |
|
(309) Tikinkuns a báah yiknal le k'áak'o'. tikin-kuns dry-FACT a POSS.2 báah self y-iknal 0-at le DEM k'áak'-o' fire-D2 ‘Dry yourself near the fire.’ |
★ | DRY |
an Alternation:
Reflexive |
309 |
|
(310) Ku paaklan tikinkunsik u tso'tsel u poolo'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other tikin-kuns-ik dry-FACT-INCMPL u POSS.3 tso'ts-el hair-REL u POSS.3 pool-o'b head-PL ‘The dry each other's hair.’ |
★ | DRY |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
310 |
|
(311) Le wíiniko' ku chíikpahal ti' le naho'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 chíik-pah-al appear-SPONT-INCMPL ti' LOC le DEM nah-o' house-D2 ‘The man appears at the house.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
311 |
|
(312) Le paalo' ku yook'ol ka'ch tu yo'lal u haatal báaxal. le DEM paal-o' child-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 y-ook'ol 0-weep ka'ch before t-u LOC-POSS.3 y-o'lal 0-reason u POSS.3 haatal torn báaxal toy ‘The child cried over its torn toy.’ |
★ | CRY |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
312 |
|
(313) Le wíiniko' ku lúubul teh che'o' ichil le ts'ono'to'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 lúub-ul fall-INCMPL ti' LOC le DEM che'-o' wood-D2 ichil inside le DEM ts'ono't-o' cenote-D2 ‘The man falls out of the tree into the cenote.’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
313 |
|
(314) Le ko'lelo' ku k'amik hunp'éel nikte' ti' le xch'úupalo'. le DEM ko'lel-o' woman-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 k'am-ik receive-INCMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN nikte' flower ti' LOC le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ‘The woman receives a flower from the girl.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
314 |
|
(315) U le' le su'ko' ku xoot. u POSS.3 le' leaf le DEM su'k-o' grass-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 xoot cut\INTROV ‘The leaves of the grass cut .’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
315 |
|
(316) Le ch'óoyo' chúup yéetel ha'. le DEM ch'óoy-o' bucket-D2 chúup fill\DEAG yéetel with ha' water ‘The bucket filled with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
316 |
|
(317) Le xch'úupalo' ma'ch tumen u na' káa u'ya'k wáah táan u chokwil. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 ma'ch seize\PASS tumen by u POSS.3 na' mother káa CONJ u'y-a'k feel-SUBJ.PASS wáah if táan PROG u POSS.3 chokwil fever ‘The girl was touched by her mother in order to feel if she had fever.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
317 |
|
(318) Táan u machik u báaho'b káa u yu'bo'b wáah taan u chokwilo'b. táan PROG u SBJ.3 mach-ik seize-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL káa CONJ u SBJ.3 y-u'b-o'b 0-feel-PL wáah if táan PROG u POSS.3 chokwil-o'b fever-PL ‘They are touching each other in order to feel if they have fever.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
318 |
|
(319) Le peek'o túun tsaypachtik le xibpal máan k'iino'. le DEM peek'-o' dog-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 tsaypach-t-ik follow-TRR-INCMPL le DEM xibpal boy máan pass k'iin-o' sun/day-D2 ‘The dog follows the boy all day.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
319 |
|
(320) Le xch'úupalalo'bo' ku tsaypachta'lo'b tumen le xíipalalo'bo'. le DEM xch'úupal-al-o'b-o' girl-COLL-PL-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 tsaypach-t-a'l-o'b follow-TRR-PASS.INCMPL-PL tumen by le DEM xibpal-al-o'b-o' boy-COLL-PL-D2 ‘The girls are followed by the boys.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Passive |
320 |
|
(321) Le kaano' p'u'ch tumen le xibpalo. le DEM kaan-o' snake-D2 p'u'ch beat\PASS tumen by le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 ‘The snake was beaten by the boy.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Passive |
321 |
|
(322) Le xibpalo' táan u p'uchik le kaan yéetel u bastono'. le DEM xibpal-o' boy-D2 táan PROG u SBJ.3 p'uch-ik beat-INCMPL le DEM kaan snake yéetel with u POSS.3 baston-o' stick-D2 ‘The boy is beating the snake with his stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
322 |
|
(323) Le ch'óoyo' ku búut'ul yéetel lu'm. le DEM ch'óoy-o' bucket-D2 k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 búut'-ul fill\DEAG-INCMPL yéetel with lu'm earth ‘The bucket fills with earth.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Deagentive |
323 |
|
(324) Teene' kin ts'iik. teen-e' me-TOP k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG ts'iik shave\INTROV ‘I shave.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Introversive |
324 |
|
(325) Le xch'úupalo' túun chak'ich. le DEM xch'úupal-o' girl-D2 túun then chak'-ich blink-eye ‘The girl is blinking.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V ti'+2 1 |
325 |
|
(326) Táan u tikintal le lu'mo'. táan PROG u SBJ.3 tikin-tal dry-FIENT.INCMPL le DEM lu'm-o' earth-D2 ‘The ground is getting dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Fientive |
326 |
|
(327) Behe'la' in k'amik u'labo'be'. behe'la' today in SBJ.1SG k'am-ik receive-INCMPL u'lab-o'b-e' guest-PL-D3 ‘Today I receive guests.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
327 |
|
(328) Le wíiniko' tu ch'a'ah u taak'in u láak'. le DEM wíinik-o' man-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 ch'a'-ah take-CMPL u POSS.3 taak'in money u POSS.3 láak' equal ‘The man took the money from his friend.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
328 |
|
(329) Ku paaklan isíinsik u báaho'b. k-u IMPF-SBJ.3 paaklan each.other isíin-s-ik bathe-CAUS-INCMPL u POSS.3 báah-o'b self-PL ‘They bathe each other.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Reciprocal |
329 |
|
(330) Le xch'úupalo' tu kanah hunp'éel k'aay. le DEM x-ch'úupal-o' F-girl-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 kan-ah learn-CMPL hun-p'éel one-CL.INAN k'aay song ‘The girl learnt a song.’ |
★ | LEARN |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
330 |
|
(331) Hwaan u k'aaba' in iihoh. Hwaan John u POSS.3 k'aaba' name in POSS.1SG iihoh son ‘My son's name is John.’ |
★ | NAME |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
331 |
|
(332) Tin wichíintah síis ha'. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG w-ichíin-t-ah 0-wash-TRR-CMPL síis cold ha' water ‘I washed with cold water.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Extraversive |
332 |
|
(333) Tin kuchpachtah in wíits'in. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG kuch-pach-t-ah load-back-TRR-CMPL in POSS.1SG w-íits'in 0-younger.sibling ‘I loaded my younger sibling on my back.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Incorporative |
333 |
|
(334) Tin machah yéetel in xts'íik k'ab. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG mach-ah seize-CMPL y-éetel 0-with in POSS.1SG xts'íik left k'ab hand ‘I seized her with my left hand.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
334 |
|
(335) Kin wookolik teech le ba'lo'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1SG w-ookol-ik 0-steal-INCMPL teech you le DEM ba'l-o' thing-D2 ‘I steal that thing from you.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 ti'+3 1 |
335 |
|
(336) Tíin paktikech. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG pakat-ik-ech look-INCMPL-ABS.2SG ‘I loook at you.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
336 |
|
(337) Ch'a'a'n sahakil ti' le báalam tumen le máasewaalo'bo'. ch'a'-a'n take-RSLTV sahak-il afraid-ABSTR ti' LOC le DEM báalam jaguar tumen by le DEM máasewaal-o'b-o' indio-PL-D2 ‘The jaguar is feared by the indios.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
337 |
|
(338) Tin t'anah in wíits'in ti' haanal. t-in PRFV-SBJ.1SG t'an-ah call-CMPL in POSS.1SG w-íits'in 0-younger.sibling ti' LOC haanal food ‘I called my younger sibling to eat.’ |
★ | CALL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
338 |
|
(339) Le boolaha' h taal tin k'ab. le DEM boolah-a' ball-D1 h PRFV taal come(CMPL) t-in LOC-POSS.1SG k'ab hand ‘This ball came into my hand.’ |
★ | COME (2) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
339 |
|
(340) Ma'loob a tuukule'x. ma'loob good a SBJ.2 tuukul-e'x think\INTROV-2PL ‘You think well.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
340 |
|
(341) Hach ki'chkelem u búuk Pedro. hach really ki'chkelem handsome u POSS.3 búuk dress Pedro Peter ‘Peter's dress is very handsome.’ |
★ | BE A DRESS | the Verb form búuk | 341 |
|
(342) Le xch'úup-o'b-o' t-u huch'-ah-o'b in k'u'm. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 huch'-ah-o'b grind-CMPL-3PL in POSS.1SG k'u'm nixtamal ‘The women ground my nixtamal.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
342 |
|
(343) Le xch'úupo'bo' tu huch'aho'b teen k'u'm. le DEM xch'úup-o'b-o' woman-PL-D2 t-u PRFV-SBJ.3 huch'-ah-o'b grind-CMPL-3PL teen me k'u'm nixtamal ‘The women ground me some nixtamal.’ |
★ | GRIND | the Verb form huch' | 343 |
|
(344) Táan in tusik in kachik in lapiseero káa hach ka'ch teen. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG tus-ik lie-INCMPL in SBJ.1SG kach-ik break-INCMPL in POSS.1SG lapiseero pen káa CONJ hach really ka'ch break\PASS(CMPL) teen me ‘I was feigning to break my pen, and then it really broke on me.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
344 |
|
(345) Tíin na'ksik u kuuch le káamiona'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG na'k-s-ik climb-CAUS-INCMPL u POSS.3 kuch load le DEM káamion-a' truck-D1 ‘I am loading the load onto this truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
345 |
|
(346) Tíin but'ik u kuuch le káamiona'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG but'-ik fill-INCMPL u POSS.3 kuch load le DEM káamion-a' truck-D1 ‘I am filling the load into the truck.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
346 |
|
(347) Wa'pach'e' ka bin ho'p' u ch'úuktik máax ookoltik. wa'pach'-e' giant-TOP ka CONJ bin QUOT ho'p' begin u SBJ.3 ch'úuk-t-ik watch-TRR-INCMPL máax who ookol-t-ik steal-TRR-INCMPL ‘The giant started watching who was robbing him.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
347 |
|
(348) Ts'a' u boholil le wayu'mo' yo'lal mu' taal u ch'íich'il. ts'a' put/give u POSS.3 bohol-il scarecrow-REL le DEM wayu'm-o' guaya-D2 yo'lal in.order ma' NEG u SBJ.3 taal come u POSS.3 ch'íich'-il bird-REL ‘Put a scarecrow on the guaya tree so that the birds won't come.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Indirect participation |
348 |
|
(349) U búuk Pedro lelo'. u POSS.3 búuk dress Pedro Peter lel-o' DEM-D2 ‘That is Peter's dress.’ |
★ | BE A DRESS |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V 1 |
349 |
|
(350) Tíin hats'ik le che' yéetel u yéet che'ila'. táan PROG in SBJ.1.SG hats'-ik hit-INCMPL le DEM che' wood yéetel with u POSS.3 yéet companion che'-il-a' wood-REL-D1 ‘I am hitting this branch with another branch of the same tree.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 (yéetel+3) |
350 |
|
(351) Kin k'aaba'tik le he'la'. k-in IMPF-SBJ.1.SG k'aaba'-t-ik name-USAT-INCMPL le DEM he'l-a' PRSV-D1 ‘I am called this.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
351 |
|
(352) Pa'tik in lahk e he'la'. pa'tik will.be.useful in SBJ.1.SG lah-ik detach-INCMPL le DEM he'l-a' PRSV-D1 ‘Let me detach this (thing).’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
352 |
|
(353) Tu'x a taal? tu'x where a SBJ.2 taal come ‘Where do you come from?’ |
★ | COME (2) |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V LOC2 1 |
353 |
|
(354) Táan in ts'íilik le xchiinao'. táan PROG in SBJ.1.SG ts'íil-ik peel-CMPL le DEM xchiina-o' orange-D2 ‘I am peeling the orange.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 |
354 |
|
(355) Yah tin wóol u lo'bita'l le mehen paalalo'bo'. yah painful t-in LOC-POSS.1.SG w-óol 0-mind u SBJ.3 loobit-a'l harm-PASS.INCMPL le DEM mehen small paal-al-o'b-o' child-COLL-PL-D2 ‘I feel sorry that the little children are maltreated.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN | the Verb form yah | 355 |
|
(356) Tíin na'ksik le kuuch teh káamiona'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG na'k-s-ik climb-CAUS-INCMPL le DEM kuch load ti' LOC le DEM káamion-a' truck-D1 ‘I am loading the load onto this truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
sbj[1].V.obj[2] 2 1 LOC3 |
356 |
|
(357) Tíin but'ik le kuuch teh káamiona'. táan PROG in SBJ.1SG but'-ik fill-INCMPL le DEM kuch load ti' LOC le DEM káamion-a' truck-D1 ‘I am filling the load into the truck.’ |