Examples of Yaqui
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Inepo soto'ita mesapo mana. inepo 1sg.subj soto'i-ta pot-acc mesa-po table-loc mana put ‘I am putting the pot on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc LOC3 V |
1 |
(2) Juan mansanata bwa'e. Juan Juan mansana-ta apple-acc bwa'e eat ‘Juan is eating an apple.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
2 |
(3) Juan Mariata ibaktak. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc ibakta-k hug-pfv ‘Juan hugged Maria.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
3 |
(4) Empo tomita etbwa. empo 2sg.subj tomi-ta money-acc etbwa steal ‘You are stealing money.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
4 |
(5) Inepo tomita essok. inepo 1sg.subj tomi-ta money-acc esso-k hide-pfv ‘I hid the money.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
5 |
(6) Kat soto'i-ta kuta-e beba! kat neg soto'i-ta pot-acc kuta-e stick-instr beba hit ‘Do not hit the pot with the stick!’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
6 |
(7) Nim ji'are Alma tea. nim 1sg.pos ji'are girlfriend Alma Alma tea be_called ‘My girlfriend's name is Alma.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2 V |
7 |
(8) Jabetau empo chaae? jabe-ta-u someone-acc-dir empo 2sg.subj chaae shout ‘Whom are you shouting at?’ |
★ | SCREAM |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
8 |
(9) Ili uusi jamut ili uusita tejwa ... ili small uusi child jamut female ili small uusi-ta child-acc tejwa tell ‘The girl says to the boy...’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form tejwa | 9 |
(10) Jabeta empo tejwa? jabe-ta someone-acc empo 2sg.subj tejwa tell ‘To whom are you talking?’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom UTT2 (3-acc) V |
10 |
(11) U ili uusi chu'uta majae. u det ili small uusi child chu'u-ta dog-acc majae fear ‘The child is afraid of the dog.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
11 |
(12) Ume ili uusim ju'upat ja'amu. ume det.pl ili little uusi-m child-pl ju'upa-t tree-loc ja'amu climb ‘The children are climbing at the tree.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc) V |
12 |
(13) U ili uusi tebaure. u det ili little uusi child tebaure be_hungry ‘The child is hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
13 |
(14) U jamut ousi kupikte. u det jamut woman ousi much kupikte blink.intr ‘The woman blinks too much.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
14 |
(15) Loola ousi tompo wante. Loola Lola ousi int tom-po stomach-loc wante feel_pain ‘Lola is feeling much pain in her stomach.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
15 |
(16) Joan jiba aache. Joan Juan jiba always aache laugh ‘Juan always laughs.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
16 |
(17) Inepo juka kari bwe'uta tu'ure. inepo 1sg.subj ju-ka det-acc kari house bwe'u-ta big-acc tu'ure like ‘I like the big house.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
17 |
(18) Inepo Dianata tu'ure. inepo 1sg.subj Diana-ta Diana-acc tu'ure like ‘I like Diana.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
18 |
(19) U miisi ili uusita gomgomta. u det miisi cat ili small uusi-ta child-acc gom~gomta rdp:hab~frighten ‘The cat frightens the little boy.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
19 |
(20) U ili uusi gomtek. u det ili small uusi child gomte-k frighten.intr-pfv ‘The little boy is afraid.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
20 |
(21) Inepo chu'uta jariwa. inepo 1sg.subj chu'u-ta dog-acc jariwa search_for ‘I am searching for my dog.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
21 |
(22) U jamut o'outa jajase. u det jamut woman o'ou-ta male-acc jajase follow ‘The woman follows the man.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
22 |
(23) In maala yo'owe neu bwiika. in 1sg.pos maala mother yo'owe old ne-u 1sg-dir bwiika sing ‘My grandmother sings to me.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
23 |
(24) In sai Bikampo jo'ak. in 1sg.pos sai brother Bikam-po Vicam-loc jo'ak live ‘My brother lives in Vicam.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
24 |
(25) Bikammeu yuke. Bikam-me-u Vicam-nmlz-dir yuke rain ‘It is raining in Vicam. / It is raining over there in Vicam.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
(1-dir) V |
25 |
(26) Aapo bachita tuuse. aapo 3sg.subj bachi-ta corn-acc tuuse grind ‘He is grinding corn.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
26 |
(27) U kaba'i yoemta yumtak. u det kaba'i horse yoem-ta man-acc yumta-k push-pfv ‘The horse collided with the man. / The horse ran into the man.’ |
★ | PUSH | the Verb form yu’a | 27 |
(28) Joan kaita ea. Joan Juan kai-ta neg-acc ea think ‘Juan does not think. \ lit. Juan think nothing.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
28 |
(29) U bwa'ame pojte. u det bwa'a-me eat-nmlz pojte boil ‘The food is boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
29 |
(30) U uusi kaa malawa jikkaja. u det uusi child kaa neg malawa mother jikkaja hear ‘The boy does not hear his mother.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
30 |
(31) In sai karota techoapo go'okta. in 1sg.pos sai brother karo-ta car-acc techoa-po mud-loc go'okta sink.trns ‘My brother is sinking the car in the mud.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
31 |
(32) Ino ne bekta. ino 1sg.refl ne 1sg bekta shave ‘I am shaving (myself).’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
32 |
(33) Inepo na'asota besumak. inepo 1sg.subj na'aso-ta orange-acc besuma-k peel-pfv ‘I peeled an orange.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
33 |
(34) Manweta kari beetek. Manwe-ta Manuel-poss kari house beete-k burn.intr-pfv ‘Manuel's house burned.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
34 |
(35) U jamut chu'uta suma. u det jamut woman chu'u-ta dog-acc suma tie ‘The woman ties the dog.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
35 |
(36) U jamut soto'ipo ba'am to'a. u det jamut woman soto'i-po pot-loc ba'am water to'a pour ‘The woman pours water in the pot.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
36 |
(37) Soto'ita ne ba'atapunia. soto'i-ta pot-acc ne 1sg ba'a-tapunia water-fill ‘I am filling the pot with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
37 |
(38) U jamut ili uusita pisammea patta. u det jamut woman ili small uusi-ta child-acc pisam-mea blanket-instr patta cover ‘The woman covers the child with a blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
38 |
(39) Ba'am ne mesapo go'otak. ba'am water ne 1sg mesa-po table-loc go'ota-k throw.pl-pfv ‘I threw the water on the table.’ |
★ | SINK | the Verb form go’okte | 39 |
(40) U bake'o masota nu'upa . u det bake'o cowboy maso-ta deer-acc nu'upa bring ‘The cowboy brings a deer.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
40 |
(41) U yoeme jamutta kaba'ita miikak. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc kaba'i-ta horse-acc miika-k give-pfv ‘The man gave the woman a horse.’ |
★ | GIVE | the Verb form maka | 41 |
(42) Wajpo weamaka ne ousi chubaktek. wajpo while weamaka field ne 1sg ousi int chubakte-k feel_cold-pfv ‘While I was on the field, I felt cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
42 |
(43) Joanta ne Potammeu bittua. Joan-ta Juan-acc ne 1sg Potam-me-u Potam-nmlz-dir bittua send ‘I am sending Juan to Potam.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
43 |
(44) Jamut jissobaita yoemta bittua. jamut woman jissobai-ta grilled_meat-acc yoem-ta man-acc bittua show ‘The woman shows the man the grilled meat.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
44 |
(45) U jamut karipo jita tu'ute. u det jamut woman kari-po house-loc jita something tu'ute wipe ‘The woman is cleaning her house.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
45 |
(46) U jamut bukita tu'ute. u det jamut woman buki-ta child-acc tu'ute wipe ‘The woman is cleaning the baby.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
46 |
(47) U yoeme o'omtilataka samita chona. u det yoeme man o'omtilataka angrily sami-ta wall-acc chona hit ‘The man beats the wall angrily.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
47 |
(48) Manwe wakasta chukta. Manwe Manuel wakas-ta meat-acc chukta cut.trns ‘Manuel cuts the meat.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
48 |
(49) Joan juyapo bakotta me'a. Joan Juan juya-po scrub-loc bakot-ta snake-acc me'a kill ‘Juan is killing the snake on the field.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
49 |
(50) Joan espekota jamtak. Joan Juan espeko-ta mirror-acc jamta-k break.trns-pfv ‘Juan broke the mirror.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
50 |
(51) U jamut bwiapo yejte. u det jamut woman bwia-po scrub-loc yejte sit ‘The woman is sitting on the field.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
51 |
(52) U yoeme jamuttau jachin jiia. u det yoeme man jamut-ta-u woman-acc-dir jachin something jiia say ‘The man is saying something to the woman.’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
52 |
(53) In asoa au tebaure tiia. in 1sg.pos asoa son au refl tebaure be_hungry tiia say.trns ‘My son says that he is hungry.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom UTT2 (3-acc) V |
53 |
(54) U yoeme jachin jiia. u det yoeme man jachin something jiia tell ‘The man is talking.’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form tejwa | 54 |
(55) Inepo Mariata ta'a. inepo 1sg.subj Maria-ta Maria-acc ta'a know ‘I know Maria.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
55 |
(56) In wawai ne pueplou bitbae. in 1sg.pos wawai relative ne 1sg pueplo-u town-dir bit-bae see-des ‘I'm going to see my relative in town.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
56 |
(57) Marta sanaba beata baksia. Marta Marta sanaba_beea-ta corn_leaf-acc baksia wash ‘Marta is washing the corn leaf.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
57 |
(58) U ili yoeme bawepo baima. u det ili small yoeme man bawe-po river-loc baima wash.refl ‘The small man is washing himself (his hands) in the river.’ |
★ | WASH | the Verb form baksia | 58 |
(59) U jamut pajkoau siika. u det jamut woman pajkoa-u party-dir siika go ‘The woman goes to the party.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-dir) V |
59 |
(60) U yoeme ji'ibweje. u det yoeme man ji'i-bweje something-dig ‘The man is digging.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Intransitivizer incorporation: ji'i |
60 |
(61) Itepo karita yaa. itepo 1pl kari-ta house-acc yaa make ‘We are making the house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
61 |
(62) Juan Mariata bwibwise. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc bwi~bwise rdp:iter~touch ‘Juan is touching Maria.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
62 |
(63) U ili uusi chu'uta bebak. u det ili little uusi child chu'u-ta dog-acc beeba-k hit-pfv ‘The little child hit the dog.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
63 |
(64) Ne baasota mesapo manak. ne 1sg baaso-ta glass-acc mesa-po table-loc mana-k put-pfv ‘I put the glass on the table.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc LOC3 V |
64 |
(65) Maria liprom essok. Maria Maria lipro-m book-pl esso-k hide-pfv ‘Maria hid the book.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
65 |
(66) Nim maala chu'utau chaae. nim 1sg.pos maala mother chu'u-ta-u dog-acc-dir chaae scream ‘My mother is screaming out for the dog. / My mother is calling the dog.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
66 |
(67) U ili uusi jamut eteorita neu etejok. u det ili little uusi child jamut woman eteori-ta story-acc ne-u 1sg-dir etejo-k tell-pfv ‘The little girl told me a story.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
67 |
(68) U ili uusi achaiwatau tomita a'awak. u det ili little uusi child achai-wa-ta-u father-poss-acc-dir tomi-ta money-acc a'awa-k ask_for-pfv ‘The little child asked money from his father.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
68 |
(69) Juan ja'amuk. Juan Juan ja'amu-k climb-pfv ‘Juan climbed.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc) V |
69 |
(70) Nee puusim kupiktak. nee 1sg puusi-m eye-pl kupikta-k blink.trns-pfv ‘I blinked my eyes.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
70 |
(71) Ne mampo wante. ne 1sg mam-po hand-loc wante feel_pain ‘I am feeling pain in my hand. / My hand is hurting.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
71 |
(72) Melquiades a'ache. Melquiades Melquiades a'~ache rdp:hab~laugh ‘Melquiades laughs. / Melquiades is laughing.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
72 |
(73) Maria Juan-ta tu'ure. Maria Maria Juan-ta Juan-acc tu'ure like ‘Maria likes Juan.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
73 |
(74) Ume yoemem ili uusita jariwa. ume det.pl yoeme-m man-pl ili little uusi-ta child-acc jariwa search_for ‘The men are looking for the child.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
74 |
(75) Wepul jiosata ne librompo siutak. wepul one jiosia-ta page-acc ne 1sg librom-po book-loc siuta-k tear.trns-pfv ‘I tore one page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Locative |
75 |
(76) U bake'o kaba'ita jajase. u det bake'o cowboy kaba'i-ta horse-acc jajase follow ‘The cowboy is following the horse.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
76 |
(77) Bempo munim bwa'e. bempo 3pl muni-m bean-pl bwa'e eat ‘They are eating beans.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
77 |
(78) Maria bwiikam bwiika. Maria Maria bwiika-m song-pl bwiika sing ‘Maria is singing songs.’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
78 |
(79) Juan Peesiopo jo'ak. Juan Juan Peesio-po Hermosillo-loc jo'a-k house-pfv ‘Juan lives in Hermosillo (lit. Juan is housed in Hermosillo.).’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
79 |
(80) Yuke. yuke rain ‘It is raining.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
(1-dir) V |
80 |
(81) Juan Mariata ba'au yu'ak. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc ba'a-u water-dir yu'a-k push-pfv ‘Juan pushed Maria into the water.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dir V |
81 |
(82) Juan pelootam roaro'akta. Juan Juan peloota-m ball-pl roa~ro'akta rdp:iter~roll.trns ‘Juan rolls the ball.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
82 |
(83) U yoeme jachin ea. u det yoeme man jachin how ea think ‘The man thinks.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
83 |
(84) Maria munim bwasa. Maria Maria muni-m bean-pl bwasa cook.trns ‘Maria is cooking beans.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
84 |
(85) Juan Mariata jikkaja. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc jikkaja hear ‘Juan is hearing Maria.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
85 |
(86) Juan karita beetak. Juan Juan kari-ta house-acc beeta-k burn.trns-pfv ‘Juan burned the house.’ |
★ | BURN |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
86 |
(87) Juan kaba'ita jupau sumak. Juan Juan kaba'i-ta horse-acc jupa-u tree-dir suma-k tie-pfv ‘Juan tied the horse to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
87 |
(88) Ne picheta tapunia. ne 1sg piche-ta jar-acc tapunia fill ‘I am filling the jar.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
88 |
(89) Tinata ne ba'amea tapunia. tina-ta deposit-acc ne 1sg ba'a-mea water-instr tapunia fill ‘I am filling the deposit with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
89 |
(90) Aapo soto'ita patta. aapo 3sg.subj soto'i-ta pot-acc patta cover ‘He is covering the pot.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
90 |
(91) Neu sewam nu'upak. ne-u 1sg-dir sewa-m flower-pl nu'upa-k bring-pfv ‘Somebody brought me flowers.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
91 |
(92) Juan librom mariata makak. Juan Juan libro-m book-pl Maria-ta Maria-acc maka-k give-pfv ‘Juan gave Maria a book.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
92 |
(93) Ne ousi chubakte. ne 1sg ousi int chubakte feel_cold ‘I am freezing (lit. I am feeling very cold.).’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
93 |
(94) Mariatau ne librom bittuak. Maria-ta-u Maria-acc-dir ne 1sg libro-m book-pl bittua-k send-pfv ‘I sent the book to Maria.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
94 |
(95) Maria dibuujom Juanta bittuak. Maria Maria dibuujo-m draw-pl Juan-ta Juan-acc bit-tua-k see-caus-pfv ‘Maria showed drawings to Juan.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
95 |
(96) Aapo karota tu'ute. aapo 3sg.subj karo-ta car-acc tu'ute wipe ‘He is wiping the car.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
96 |
(97) Juan librom bibliotekau tojak. Juan Juan libro-m book-pl biblioteka-u library-dir toja-k carry-pfv ‘Juan took the books to the library.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dir V |
97 |
(98) Juan chu'uta me'ak. Juan Juan chu'u-ta dog-acc me'a-k kill-pfv ‘Juan killed the dog.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
98 |
(99) Juan tetae bentanata jamtak. Juan Juan teta-e stone-instr bentana-ta window-acc jamta-k break.trns-pfv ‘Juan broke the window with a stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
99 |
(100) Maria weapo yejtek. Maria Maria wea-po floor-loc yejte-k sit-pfv ‘Maria sat down on the floor.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
100 |
(101) Jaisa jiia u yoeme? jaisa what jiia say u det yoeme man ‘What is the man saying ?’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom UTT2 (3-acc) V |
101 |
(102) Aapo jamutta teuwaria. aapo 3sg.subj jamut-ta woman-acc teuwa-ria tell-appl ‘He is saying the time/hour for the woman (in her place).’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
102 |
(103) E'e ti neu jiiak. e'e no ti thus ne-u 1sg-dir jiia-k say-pfv ‘He said 'no' to me.’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form tejwa | 103 |
(104) Ju yoeme uusita ta'an. ju det yoeme man uusi-ta child-acc ta'a-n know-ipfv ‘The man knows the child.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
104 |
(105) U yoeme uusita bichak. u det yoeme man uusi-ta child-acc bicha-k see-pfv ‘The man saw the child.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
105 |
(106) Ne Mariata aniak. ne 1sg Maria-ta Maria-acc ania-k help-pfv ‘I helped Maria.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
106 |
(107) Juan karota baksiak. Juan Juan karo-ta car-acc baksia-k wash-pfv ‘Juan washed the car.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
107 |
(108) Juan merkadou siikak. Juan Juan merkado-u market-dir siika-k go-pfv ‘Juan went to the market.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-dir) V |
108 |
(109) U jamut bwiata bewje. u det jamut woman bwia-ta ground-acc bweje dig ‘The woman is digging the ground.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
109 |
(110) Juan mesata yaak. Juan Juan mesa-ta table-acc yaa-k make-pfv ‘Juan made a table.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
110 |
(111) Chu'u Mariata jukta. chu'u dog Maria-ta Maria-acc jukta smell ‘The dog is smelling/sniffing Maria.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
111 |
(112) Ume chu'um emo jukjuktak. ume det.pl chu'u-m dog-pl emo 3pl.refl juk~jukta-k rdp:iter~smell-pfv ‘The dogs are smelling themselves.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
112 |
(113) Juan uusita bitchu. Juan Juan uusi-ta child-acc bitchu look_at ‘Juan is looking at the child.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
113 |
(114) U yoeme chu'uta majae. u det yoeme man chu'u-ta dog-acc majae fear ‘The man fears the dog. / The man is afraid of the dog.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
114 |
(115) U yoeme majae. u det yoeme man majae fear ‘The man is fearing. / The man is afraid.’ |
★ | FEAR | the Verb form majae | 115 |
(116) U jamut uusita a'ana. u det jamut woman uusi-ta child-acc a'ana dress ‘The woman is dressing the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
116 |
(117) Aapo emo a'ana. aapo 3sg.subj emo refl a'ana dress ‘He is getting dressed.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
117 |
(118) Juan mariata teak. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc tea-k meet-pfv ‘Juan met Maria.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
118 |
(119) Juan Mariatau etejok. Juan Juan Maria-ta-u Maria-acc-dir etejo-k talk-pfv ‘Juan talked to Maria.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
119 |
(120) Juan karita yaak. Juan Juan kari-ta house-acc yaa-k make-pfv ‘Juan built a house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
120 |
(121) Juan tomita nu'uka. Juan Juan tomi-ta money-acc nu'u-ka take-pfv ‘Juan took the money.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
121 |
(122) Juan mariata tominu'uka. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc tomi-nu'u-ka money-take-pfv ‘Juan takes the money from Maria. \ lit. Juan money-takes from Maria.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
122 |
(123) In maala uusita pu'akta. in 1sg.pos maala mother uusi-ta child-acc pu'akta load.trns ‘My mom is carrying the child.’ |
★ | LOAD | the Verb form pu'akta | 123 |
(124) Karopo maletam ne pu'akta. karo-po car-loc maleta-m case-pl ne 1sg pu'akta load.trns ‘I am loading cases onto the car.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
124 |
(125) Ne tatasek. ne 1sg ta~tase-k rdp:iter~cough-pfv ‘I coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
125 |
(126) Juan buitek. Juan Juan buite-k run-pfv ‘Juan ran.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
126 |
(127) U yoeme kutat yejte. u det yoeme man kuta-t log-loc yejte sit ‘The man sits on the log.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
127 |
(128) Inepo chepte. inepo 1sg.subj chepte jump ‘I jump.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
128 |
(129) Wakas korata chepta. wakas cow kora-ta fence-acc chepta jump ‘The cow jumps over the fence.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
129 |
(130) Melquiades wataktek. Melquiades Melquiades watakte-k leave-pfv ‘Melquiades left. / Melquiades has gone.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-dir) V |
130 |
(131) U jamut chachaek. u det jamut woman cha~chae-k rdp~scream-pfv ‘The woman screamed.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
131 |
(132) U chu'u muuke. u det chu'u dog muuke die ‘The dog is dying.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
132 |
(133) Ne karota yeewa. ne 1sg karo-ta car-acc yeewa play.trns ‘I am playing (with a toy) car.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
133 |
(134) Juan rojikte. Juan Juan rojikte be_sad ‘Juan is feeling sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
134 |
(135) Juan tajo'ota waacha. Juan Juan tajo'o-ta clothes-acc waacha dry ‘Juan is drying the clothes.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
135 |
(136) U ju'upa waake. u det ju'upa mesquite waake be_dry ‘The mesquite is drying.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
136 |
(137) Joan amureo. Joan Juan amu-reo hunt-nmlz ‘Juan is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
137 |
(138) Maria lingonokta yee mamajta. Maria Maria lingo-nok-ta foreign-speak-acc yee people ma~majta rdp~teach ‘Maria teaches (people) English.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3 V |
138 |
(139) U baaso jamtek. u det baaso glass jamte-k break.intr-pfv ‘The glass broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
139 |
(140) U kari beete. u det kari house beete burn.intr ‘The house is burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
140 |
(141) U yoeme gomtek. u det yoeme man gomte-k frighten.intr-pfv ‘The man got frightened.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
141 |
(142) Ume supem siute. ume det.pl supe-m shirt-pl siute tear.intr ‘The shirt is tearing off.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
142 |
(143) Maria ili uusita bankot yechak. Maria Maria ili little uusi-ta child-acc banko-t bench-loc yecha-k sit-pfv ‘Maria seated the child on the bench.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
143 |
(144) Juan barkota go'oktak. Juan Juan barko-ta boat-acc go'okta-k sink.trns-pfv ‘Juan sank the boat.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
144 |
(145) Juan net tatasek. Juan Juan ne-t 1sg-loc ta~tase-k rdp~cough-pfv ‘Juan coughed on me.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Locative |
145 |
(146) Tiibu wakas soba'ita sipa. Tiibu Tiburcio wakas cow soba'i-ta grilled_meat-acc sipa freeze ‘Tiburcio is freezing the grilled beef.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD | the Verb form chubakte | 146 |
(147) Na'asota beabesuma. na'aso-ta orange-acc bea-besuma skin-peel ‘Peel the skin off the orange.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
147 |
(148) Juan mambaksia. Juan Juan mam-baksia hand-wash ‘Juan is washing his hands.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
148 |
(149) Ne kobawante. ne 1sg koba-wante head-feel_pain ‘I am feeling pain in my head (lit. I am feeling head-pain.).’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
149 |
(150) Ume sabanam kaa yee papatta. ume det.pl sabana-m sheet-pl kaa neg yee people pa~patta rdp~cover ‘These sheets do not cover (people).’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
150 |
(151) U yoeme jita bektak. u det yoeme man jita something bekta-k shave-pfv ‘The man shaved (something).’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
151 |
(152) Junu yee aania. junu that yee people a~ania rdp:hab~help ‘That helps.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
152 |
(153) Juan yee jajjase. Juan Juan yee people ja~jjase rdp:hab~follow ‘Juan chases (people).’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
153 |
(154) U uusi unna jita a'awak. u det uusi child unna much jita something a'awa-k ask_for-pfv ‘The child asked for a lot.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
154 |
(155) Maria dibuujom yee bitchutuak. Maria Maria dibuujo-m drawing-pl yee people bitchu-tua-k see-caus-pfv ‘Maria showed drawings (to people).’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
Causative |
155 |
(156) U jamut ili uusita chachaek. u det jamut woman ili little uusi-ta child-acc cha~chae-k rdp~shout-pfv ‘The woman shouted at the little child.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT | the Verb form chaae (1) | 156 |
(157) Juan goi kilometrom buitek. Juan Juan goi two kilometro-m kilometer-pl bui~buite-k rdp:iter~run-pfv ‘Juan ran two kilometers.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
157 |
(158) Juan kaa bicha. Juan Juan kaa neg bicha see ‘Juan can not see.’ |
★ | SEE | the Verb form bitcha | 158 |
(159) Juan etejok. Juan Juan etejo-k talk-pfv ‘Juan talked.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
159 |
(160) Juan mesata tastak. Juan Juan mesa-ta table-acc tasta-k beat.trns-pfv ‘Juan beat the table.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
160 |
(161) Juan mesatat tastek. Juan Juan mesa-ta-t table-acc-loc taste-k beat.intr-pfv ‘Juan beat (at) the table.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Locative |
161 |
(162) Maria bwiika. Maria Maria bwiika sing ‘Maria is singing. / Maria sings.’ |
★ | SING | the Verb form bwiika | 162 |
(163) Juan pelootampo yeewe. Juan Juan pelootam-po ball-loc yeewe play ‘Juan is playing soccer.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Locative |
163 |
(164) U ili uusi kutae yee bebak. u det ili little uusi child kuta-e stick-instr yee people beba-k hit-pfv ‘The child hit (people) with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
164 |
(165) Juan into maria emo ibaktak. Juan Juan into and Maria Maria emo refl ibakta-k hug-pfv ‘Juan and Maria hugged each other.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
165 |
(166) Maria yee ibaktala. Maria Maria yee people ibakta-la hug-ptcp ‘Maria is hugging around.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
166 |
(167) Juan au me'ak. Juan Juan au refl me'a-k kill-pfv ‘Juan killed himself.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
167 |
(168) Ne Peesiopo ta'a. ne 1sg Peesio-po Hermosillo-loc ta'a know ‘I know Hermosillo (lit. I know about Hermosillo.).’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Locative |
168 |
(169) Maria yee tutu'ulila. Maria Maria yee people tu~tu'uli-la rdp:hab~like-ptcp ‘Maria has liked people/someone.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
169 |
(170) Juan into Maria emo teak. Juan Juan into and Maria Maria emo refl tea-k meet-pfv ‘Juan and Maria met each other.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
170 |
(171) Joan into Maria emo ta'ak. Joan Juan into and Maria Maria emo refl ta'a-k know-pfv ‘Juan and Maria met (lit. Juan and Maria knew each other.).’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
171 |
(172) U yeeka yuktuak. u det yeeka wind yuk-tua-k rain-caus-pfv ‘The wind caused it to rain.’ |
★ | RAIN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
172 |
(173) U yoeme au bektak. u det yoeme man au refl bekta-k shave-pfv ‘The man shaved himself.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
173 |
(174) U yoeme kobata au bektariak. u det yoeme man koba-ta head-acc au refl bekta-ria-k shave-appl-pfv ‘The man shaved his head.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
174 |
(175) U chu'u jita jukjukta. u det chu'u dog jita something juk~jukta rdp:iter~smell ‘The dog is smelling (something).’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
175 |
(176) Maria yee majta. Maria Maria yee people majta teach ‘Maria teaches (people).’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
176 |
(177) Ju yoeme emo baksiak. ju det yoeme man emo refl baksia-k wash-pfv ‘The man washed (himself).’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
177 |
(178) Baasota ne manak. baaso-ta glass-acc ne 1sg mana-k put-pfv ‘I put the glass there.’ |
★ | PUT | the Verb form mana | 178 |
(179) Juan ji’ibwa'a. Juan Juan ji'i-bwa'a something-eat ‘Juan is eating.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Intransitivizer incorporation: ji'i |
179 |
(180) U mansana bwa'atuk. u det mansana apple bwa'a-tu-k eat-inch-pfv ‘The apple is gone.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Middle |
180 |
(181) U wakas aa bwa'atu. u det wakas cow aa can bwa'a-tu eat-inch ‘This food is easy to eat (lit. This cow (meat) is easy to eat.).’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Middle |
181 |
(182) Maria ibaktari. Maria Maria ibakta-ri hug-res ‘Maria is being hugged.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
182 |
(183) U mansana bwa'ari. u det mansana apple bwa'a-ri eat-res ‘The apple is gone (lit. The apple is eaten.).’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
183 |
(184) Juan uusitau bitchu. Juan Juan uusi-ta-u child-acc-dir bitchu see ‘Juan sees the child.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
184 |
(185) Juan tu'isi bittu. Juan Juan tu'isi well bit-tu see-inch ‘Juan looks good.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
Middle |
185 |
(186) U kawi kaa tu'isi bittu. u det kawi mountain kaa neg tu'isi well bit-tu see-inch ‘The mountain is not well-seen. / The mountain is not easy to see.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Middle |
186 |
(187) Maria majairi. Maria Maria majai-ri fear-res ‘Maria is afraid.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
187 |
(188) Maria yee majaila. Maria Maria yee people majai-la fear-ptcp ‘Maria has been afraid.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
188 |
(189) U yoeme chu'utat gomtek. u det yoeme man chu'u-ta-t dog-acc-loc gomte-k frighten.intr-pfv ‘The man got scared of the dog.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Locative |
189 |
(190) Yee gomtari. yee people gomta-ri frighten-res ‘The people are scared. / Someone frightened the people.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
190 |
(191) Ne Juanta betchi'ibo gomtek. ne 1sg Juan-ta Juan-acc betchi'ibo for gomte-k frighten.intr-pfv ‘I got frightened because of Juan.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
191 |
(192) Ne Juanta Mariata gomtariak. ne 1sg Juan-ta Juan-acc Maria-ta Maria-acc gomta-ria-k frighten-appl-pfv ‘I frightened Juan for Maria.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
192 |
(193) Maria tutu'uliri. Maria Maria tu~tu'uli-ri rdp:hab~like-res ‘Maria has been liked.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
193 |
(194) U ta'ari. u det ta'a-ri know-res ‘The stuff/person is known.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
194 |
(195) Juan Mariatat ea. Juan Juan Maria-ta-t Maria-acc-loc ea think ‘Juan is thinking (sexually) of Maria. / Juan is having sex with Maria.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Locative |
195 |
(196) Jita eeri. jita something ee-ri think-res ‘That is what I think.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
196 |
(197) Ume yoemem siime karipo jita jariwa. ume det.pl yoeme-m man-pl siime all kari-po house-loc jita something jariwa search_for ‘The men searched all the house.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
197 |
(198) Im karo kaa baksiatu. im 1sg.pos karo car kaa neg baksia-tu wash-inch ‘My car does not wash well.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Middle |
198 |
(199) Im karo baksia'ari. im 1sg.pos karo car baksia'a-ri wash-res ‘My car is washed.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
199 |
(200) I saabu kaa tu'isi jita babaksia. i dem saabu soap kaa neg tu'isi good jita something ba~baksia rdp~wash ‘This soap does not wash well.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
200 |
(201) Juan ne aniak jiyokapo. Juan Juan ne 1sg ania-k help-pfv jiyoka-po paint-loc ‘Juan helped me to paint.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Locative |
201 |
(202) Juan Mariatamak emo teak. Juan Juan Maria-ta-mak Maria-acc-com emo refl tea-k meet-pfv ‘Juan and Maria met each other.’ |
★ | MEET | the Verb form tea (2) | 202 |
(203) Juan aapelau teak. Juan Juan aapelau by_himself tea-k meet-pfv ‘Juan realized something by himself.’ |
★ | MEET | the Verb form tea (2) | 203 |
(204) U ili uusi achaiwatau tomita a'aula. u det ili little uusi child achai-wa-ta-u father-poss-acc-dir tomi-ta money-acc a'au-la ask_for-ptcp ‘The child asked money from his father.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
204 |
(205) U ili uusi unna tomita a'awa. u det ili little uusi child unna much tomi-ta money-acc a'awa ask_for ‘The child asks for a lot of money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
205 |
(206) Ne tomita a'awak nim maalata betchi'ibo. ne 1sg tomi-ta money-acc a'awa-k ask_for-pfv nim 1sg.pos maala-ta mother-acc betchi'ibo for ‘I asked for money from my mother.’ |
★ | ASK FOR | the Verb form a’awa | 206 |
(207) Ne tomita nim maalata a'auriak. ne 1sg tomi-ta money-acc nim 1sg.pos maala-ta mother-acc a'au-ria-k ask_for-appl-pfv ‘I asked for money from my mother.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
207 |
(208) Juan chae. Juan Juan chae shout ‘Juan is shouting. / Juan is screaming.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
208 |
(209) Juan Mariata teuwak. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc teuwa-k tell-pfv ‘Juan spoke to Maria. / Juan told something to Maria.’ |
★ | TELL | the Verb form teuwa | 209 |
(210) U chu'u Tobim teatuawa. u det chu'u dog Tobi-m Tobi-acc tea-tua-wa be_called-caus-pass ‘The dog was named Tobi.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Causative |
210 |
(211) U chu'u tobimtea. u det chu'u dog tobi-tea tobi-be_called ‘The dog's name is Tobi.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
211 |
(212) Juan espekopo au bitchu. Juan Juan espeko-po mirror-loc au refl bitchu see ‘Juan looks at himself in the mirror.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
212 |
(213) U chu'u yee jukjukta. u det chu'u dog yee people juk~jukta rdp~smell ‘The dog is smelling somebody. / The dog is sniffing.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
213 |
(214) Escaleam ne ja'amula. escalea-m stair-pl ne 1sg ja'amu-la climb-ptcp ‘I climb the stairs.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-loc) V |
214 |
(215) Inepo mamni piso ja'amuk. inepo 1sg.subj mamni five piso floor ja'amu-k climb-pfv ‘I climbed to the fifth floor.’ |
★ | CLIMB | the Verb form ja’amu | 215 |
(216) Juan au baksia. Juan Juan au refl baksia wash ‘Juan is washing himself.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
216 |
(217) Juan tu'isi au a'anatua. Juan Juan tu'isi well au refl a'ana-tua dress-caus ‘Juan dresses well.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Causative |
217 |
(218) Ino ne bektak pajko betchi'ibo. ino 1sg.refl ne 1sg bekta-k shave-pfv pajko feast betchi'ibo for ‘I shaved (myself) for the feast.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) | the Verb form bekta | 218 |
(219) Ne tejwa. ne 1sg tejwa tell ‘Speak to me. / Tell me (something).’ |
★ | TELL | the Verb form teuwa | 219 |
(220) Juan karita ne yaariak. Juan Juan kari-ta house-acc ne 1sg yaa-ria-k make-appl-pfv ‘Juan built me a house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
220 |
(221) U mesatastek. u det mesa-taste-k table-beat.intr-pfv ‘The table was beaten.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
221 |
(222) Juan into Maria emo bwibwise. Juan Juan into and Maria Maria emo refl bwi~bwise rdp:iter~touch ‘Juan and Maria are touching each other.’ |
★ | TOUCH | the Verb form bwibwise | 222 |
(223) Juan jita bwibwise. Juan Juan jita something bwi~bwise rdp:iter~touch ‘Juan is touching something.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
223 |
(224) Juan au bwibwise. Juan Juan au refl bwi~bwise rdp:iter~touch ‘Juan is touching himself.’ |
★ | TOUCH | the Verb form bwibwise | 224 |
(225) Ume kuchi'im tu'isi jita chukchukta. ume det.pl kuchi'i-m knife-pl tu'isi well jita something chuk~chukta rdp~cut.trns ‘Those knives cut well.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
225 |
(226) Mariata tomipo anu'e! Maria-ta Maria-acc tomi-po money-loc a=nu'e 3sg=take ‘Take Maria's money!’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Locative |
226 |
(227) Wepul jiosiata ne librom siutariak. wepul one jiosia-ta page-acc ne 1sg librom book siuta-ria-k tear.trns-appl-pfv ‘I tore one page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
227 |
(228) Maria Juanta librom essoriak. Maria Maria Juan-ta Juan-acc libro-m book-pl esso-ria-k hide-appl-pfv ‘Maria hid the book from Juan.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
228 |
(229) Maria eusek. Maria Maria euse-k hide-pfv ‘Maria hid.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
229 |
(230) Maria Juanta eusiak. Maria Maria Juan-ta Juan-acc eusia-k hide-pfv ‘Maria hid from Juan.’ |
★ | HIDE | the Verb form esso | 230 |
(231) Joan maasoamureo. Joan Juan maaso-amu-reo deer-hunt-nmlz ‘Juan is a deer-hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
231 |
(232) Ne librom Juanta makak Mariata betchi'ibo. ne 1sg libro-m book-pl Juan-ta Juan-acc maka-k give-pfv Maria-ta Maria-acc betchi'ibo for ‘I gave Juan the book for Maria.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
232 |
(233) Librom ne yee miikak. libro-m book-pl ne 1sg yee people miika-k give-pfv ‘I gave away the books.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
233 |
(234) Juan bibliotekata unna jita mamaka. Juan Juan biblioteka-ta library-acc unna much jita something ma~maka rdp~give ‘Juan gives a lot (of things) to the library.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
234 |
(235) Maria librom makri. Maria Maria libro-m book-pl mak-ri give-res ‘Maria has been given a book.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
235 |
(236) Librom makri. libro-m book-pl mak-ri give-res ‘Someone was given a book.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
236 |
(237) Juan librom tojak. Juan Juan libro-m book-pl toja-k carry-pfv ‘Juan carried the book(s).’ |
★ | CARRY | the Verb form toja | 237 |
(238) Juan korbatata sumak. Juan Juan korbata-ta tie-acc suma-k tie-pfv ‘Juan knotted his tie.’ |
★ | TIE | the Verb form suma | 238 |
(239) Juan kaba'ita wikiae sumak. Juan Juan kaba'i-ta horse-acc wikia-e rope-instr suma-k tie-pfv ‘Juan tied the horse with a rope.’ |
★ | TIE | the Verb form suma | 239 |
(240) Juan kaba'ita jupau wikiae sumak. Juan Juan kaba'i-ta horse-acc jupa-u tree-dir wikia-e rope-instr suma-k tie-pfv ‘Juan tied the horse to the tree with a rope.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
240 |
(241) I wikia kaa tu'isi jita susuma. i dem wikia rope kaa neg tu'isi well jita something su~suma rdp~tie ‘This rope does not tie well.’ |
★ | TIE | the Verb form suma | 241 |
(242) I pichel kaa tu'isi jita yeu toto'a. i dem pichel jar kaa neg tu'isi well jita something yeu down to~to'a rdp:hab~pour ‘This jar does not pour well.’ |
★ | POUR | the Verb form to’a | 242 |
(243) Pichelpo iliiki ba'am to'a. pichel-po jar-loc iliiki few ba'am water to'a pour ‘Pour some water on the jar.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-loc V |
243 |
(244) Goi ili jamuchim tutukabeak in jo'apo to'e. goi two ili little jamuch-im woman-pl tutukabeak yesterday_at_night in 1sg.pos jo'a-po house-loc to'e pour ‘Yesterday, two girls stayed at my home (to sleep). \ lit. Two little girls yesterday laid at my home.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
244 |
(245) U jamut rebo'osammea au patta. u det jamut woman rebo'osa-m-mea shawl-pl-instr au refl patta cover ‘The woman is covering herself with the shawl.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
245 |
(246) Ili uusita sabanammea patta! ili little uusi-ta child-acc sabana-m-mea sheet-pl-instr patta cover ‘Cover the child with the sheets!’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
246 |
(247) U ili uusi jaibu pattari. u det ili little uusi child jaibu already patta-ri cover-res sabanam-mea sheet-instr ‘The child is already covered with the sheet.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
247 |
(248) U ili uusi achaiwata betchi'ibo au pattak. u det ili little uusi child achai-wa-ta father-poss-acc betchi'ibo for au refl patta-k cover-pfv ‘The child covered himself for the father.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
248 |
(249) U jamut ili uusita soto'ita tapuniatuak. u det jamut woman ili little uusi-ta child-acc soto'i-ta pot-acc tapunia-tua-k fill-caus-pfv ‘The woman made the child fill the pot.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
249 |
(250) U pueplo ba'ammea tapuni. u det pueplo town ba'am-mea water-instr tapun-i fill-res ‘The town is covered with water (lit. The town is filled with water.).’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
250 |
(251) U yuku pueplota keepatapuniak. u det yuku rain pueplo-ta town-acc keepa-tapunia-k drizzling-fill-pfv ‘The storm caused the town to be covered in drizzling.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
251 |
(252) Ili uusita nee pu'aktaria. ili little uusi-ta child-acc nee 1sg.obj pu'akta-ria load.trns-appl ‘Carry my child for me.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
252 |
(253) U karo samimmea pu'aktituawa. u det karo car samim-mea hay-instr pu'akti-tua-wa load-caus-pass ‘The car is being loaded with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
253 |
(254) Juan neu kupiktek. Juan Juan ne-u 1sg-dir kupikte-k blink.intr-pfv ‘Juan blinked at me.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
254 |
(255) Ne puusim juantau kupiktak. ne 1sg puusi-m eye-pl Juan-ta-u Juan-acc-dir kupikta-k blink.trns-pfv ‘I blinked (my eyes) at Juan.’ |
★ | BLINK |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
255 |
(256) Inepo wakabwitapo cheptek. inepo 1sg.subj waka-bwita-po cow-dung-loc chepte-k jump-pfv ‘I stepped into the cow's dung.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Locative |
256 |
(257) Inepo wakabwitata cheptak. inepo 1sg.subj waka-bwita-ta cow-dung-acc chepta-k jump-pfv ‘I jumped over the cow's dung.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
257 |
(258) Juan wepul partidota yeewek. Juan Juan wepul one partido-ta game-acc yeewe-k play-pfv ‘Juan played a game.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
258 |
(259) Juan Mariata yeutuak. Juan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc yeu-tua-k play-caus-pfv ‘Juan made Maria play.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
259 |
(260) Juan yeewe. Juan Juan yeewe play ‘Juan is playing.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
260 |
(261) Juan siika. Juan Juan siika go ‘Juan left.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-dir) V |
261 |
(262) Juan mariatamak siika. Juan Juan Maria-ta-mak Maria-acc-com siika go ‘Juan went with Maria.’ |
★ | GO | the Verb form siika | 262 |
(263) Melquiades Suichiu wataktek. Melquiades Melquiades Suichi-u Vicam-dir watakte-k leave-pfv ‘Melquiades left towards Vicam.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom (2-dir) V |
263 |
(264) Melquiades Hermosiopo yeu wataktek. Melquiades Melquiades Hermosio-po Hermosillo-loc yeu out watakte-k leave-pfv ‘Melquiades left Hermosillo.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Locative |
264 |
(265) Melquiades kamionpo wataktek. Melquiades Melquiades kamion-po bus-loc watakte-k leave-pfv ‘Melquiades left by bus.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
an Alternation:
Locative |
265 |
(266) Juan jo'ak. Juan Juan jo'a-k live-pfv ‘Juan lives. / Juan has a house.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-loc V |
266 |
(267) Im yee atbwawak. im here yee people atbwa-wa-k laugh-pass-pfv ‘They laughed at someone here.’ |
★ | LAUGH | the Verb form aache | 267 |
(268) Melquiades Mariatau aache. Melquiades Melquiades Maria-ta-u Maria-acc-dir aache laugh ‘Melquiades is laughing at Maria.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Directional Object |
268 |
(269) Maria Melquiadesta aattua. Maria Maria Melquiades-ta Melquiades-acc aat-tua laugh-caus ‘Maria is making Melquiades laugh. / Maria makes Melquiades laugh.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
269 |
(270) Juan Mariatat chae. Juan Juan Maria-ta-t Maria-acc-loc chae scream ‘Juan is screaming at Maria.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Locative |
270 |
(271) Bwa'ame ne tompo wantitua. bwa'ame food ne 1sg tom-po stomach-loc wanti-tua feel_pain-caus ‘The food made me feel pain in the stomach. / The food caused my tummy to ache.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
271 |
(272) Ne chubaktituak. ne 1sg chubakti-tua-k feel_cold-caus-pfv ‘Something caused me to feel cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
272 |
(273) U jeeka ne chubachubaktitua. u det jeeka wind ne 1sg chuba~chubakti-tua rdp~feel_cold-caus ‘The wind caused me to feel cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
273 |
(274) U jeeka yee chubachubaktitua. u det jeeka wind yee people chuba~chubakti-tua rdp:hab~feel_cold-caus ‘The wind causes (everybody) to feel cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
274 |
(275) Mariata uusim apo'ik muucha. Maria-ta Maria-acc uusi-m child-pl apo'ik 3sg.pos muucha die.trns ‘Maria is dying for her children.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Applicative |
275 |
(276) U yoeme uka jamutta muktua. u det yoeme man u-ka det-acc jamut-ta woman-acc muk-tua die-caus ‘The man let the woman die.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
276 |
(277) Maria Juanta rojiktituak. Maria Maria Juan-ta Juan-acc rojikti-tua-k be_sad-caus-pfv ‘Maria made Juan sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
277 |
(278) Ne nim chu'uta betchi'ibo rojikte. ne 1sg nim 1sg.pos chu'u-ta dog-acc betchi'ibo for rojikte be_sad ‘I am feeling sad because of my dog.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
278 |
(279) Bwitiwame Juanta tebaurituak. bwiti-wa-me run-pass-nmlz Juan-ta Juan-acc tebauri-tua-k be_hungry-caus-pfv ‘Running caused Juan to be hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
Causative |
279 |
(280) U kaba'i techoapo go'okte. u det kaba'i horse techoa-po mud-loc go'okte sink.intr ‘The horse is sinking in the mud.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
280 |
(281) U ta'a sewam yee wawaacharia. u det ta'a sun sewa-m flower-pl yee people wa~waacha-ria rdp~be_dry-appl ‘The sun dries the flowers (for someone).’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
281 |
(282) U tajo'o wachari. u det tajo'o clothes waacha-ri dry-res ‘The clothes are dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
282 |
(283) U ta'a kaa tu'isi jita wawaacha. u det ta'a sun kaa neg tu'isi well jita something wa~waacha rdp~be_dry ‘The sun does not dry well.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
283 |
(284) U ili uusi chu'uta kutae beebak. u det ili little uusi child chu'u-ta dog-acc kuta-e stick-instr beeba-k hit-pfv ‘The child hit the dog with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
284 |
(285) U chu'u yoemta gomtak. u det chu'u dog yoem-ta man-acc gomta-k frighten-pfv ‘The dog frightened the man.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
285 |
(286) Ne kupiktek. ne 1sg kupikte-k blink.intr-pfv ‘I blinked.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
286 |
(287) Joan tomita joarapo etbwak. Joan Juan tomi-ta money-acc joara-po house-loc etbwa-k steal-pfv ‘Juan stole money from the house.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Locative |
287 |
(288) Joan Mariata tomita etbwariak. Joan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc tomi-ta money-acc etbwa-ria-k steal-appl-pfv ‘Juan stole money from Maria.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
288 |
(289) Joanta ne atbwak. Joan-ta Juan-acc ne 1sg atbwa-k make_fun_of-pfv ‘I made fun of Juan.’ |
★ | LAUGH | the Verb form aache | 289 |
(290) Kajlos supem siutak. Kajlos Carlos supem shirt siuta-k tear.trns-pfv ‘Carlos tore off his shirt.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
290 |
(291) Tetata ne ro'akta. teta-ta stone-acc ne 1sg ro'akta roll.trns ‘I am rolling the rock. / I roll the rock.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Causal |
291 |
(292) U teta ro'akte. u det teta stone ro'akte roll.intr ‘The rock rolls. / The rock is rolling.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
292 |
(293) Ume munim tu'isi bwase. ume det.pl muni-m bean-pl tu'isi well bwase cook.intr ‘Beans cook well.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
293 |
(294) In maala wakasta bwasa. in 1sg.pos maala mother wakas-ta meat-acc bwasa cook.trns ‘My mother is cooking the meat.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
294 |
(295) U wakas unna bwase. u det wakas meat unna much bwase cook.intr ‘The meat is cooking too much.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
295 |
(296) U bwa'ame jaibu bwasi. u det bwa'a-me eat-nmlz jaibu already bwas-i cook-res ‘Food is already cooked.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
296 |
(297) Jaboiwa kaa jikkaja. jaboiwa grandfather kaa neg jikkaja hear ‘(His) Grandfather does not hear.’ |
★ | HEAR | the Verb form jikkaja | 297 |
(298) U barko go'oktek. u det barko boat go'okte-k sink.intr-pfv ‘The boat sank.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
298 |
(299) Joan Mariata Peota dibuujom bittuak. Joan Juan Maria-ta Maria-acc Peo-ta Pedro-acc dibuujom drawing.acc bit-tua-k see-caus-pfv ‘Juan made Maria show drawings to Peter.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
299 |
(300) Bwiata ne bektabae. bwia-ta ground-acc ne 1sg bekta-bae shave-des ‘I will plow the ground (lit. I will shave the ground (in order to sow something).).’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) | the Verb form bekta | 300 |
(301) Itepo abaim besuma. itepo 1pl abai-m corn-pl besuma peel ‘We are peeling the corns.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
301 |
(302) Ume kutam kaa tu'isi beete. ume det.pl kuta-m firewood-pl kaa neg tu'isi well beete burn.intr ‘The firewood does not burn well.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
302 |
(303) Sankoata ne mekka wattak. sankoa-ta garbage-acc ne 1sg mekka far watta-k throw.trns-pfv ‘I threw the litter far away.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
303 |
(304) Jume'e na'asom kom watte. jume'e dem:pl na'asom oranges.acc kom down watte throw.intr ‘Those oranges are falling down.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
304 |
(305) U ili uusi jamut jiosiam maejtrotau nu'upak. u det ili little uusi child jamut woman jiosiam book.acc maejtro-ta-u teacher-acc-dir nu'upa-k bring-pfv ‘The little girl brought the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
305 |
(306) Joan kutachukte. Joan Juan kuta-chukte firewood-cut.intr ‘Juan is cutting firewood.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Object incorporation |
306 |
(307) Joan chu'uta tetae me'ak. Joan Juan chu'u-ta dog-acc teta-e stone-instr me'a-k kill-pfv ‘Juan killed the dog with a stone.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V |
307 |
(308) U yoeme bu'uk teuwa. u det yoeme man bu'uk overmuch teuwa tell ‘The man is talking too much.’ |
★ | TELL | the Verb form teuwa | 308 |
(309) Joan a'abo wee-tiia. Joan Juan a'abo toward.here wee-tiia walk.sg-say.trns ‘Juan says he is coming.’ |
★ | SAY | the Verb form tejwa | 309 |
(310) Inepo Joanta ta'ak. inepo 1sg.subj Joan-ta Juan-acc ta'a-k know-pfv ‘I knew Juan. / I met Juan.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
310 |
(311) Si ketgo jamuchim batwepo jipaksia. si int ketgo early jamuch-im woman-pl batwe-po river-loc ji-baksia something-wash ‘Women wash early (in the morning) in the river.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Intransitivizer incorporation: ji'i |
311 |
(312) U jamut paapam jariwaka jibweje. u det jamut woman paapa-m potato-pl jariwa-ka look_for-ptcp ji-bweje something-dig ‘The woman is digging looking for potatoes.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Intransitivizer incorporation: ji'i |
312 |
(313) U jamut bwiata bweje papaam jariwakai. u det jamut woman bwia-ta ground-acc bweje dig papaa-m potato-pl jariwa-kai look_for-ptcp ‘The woman is digging the ground looking for potatoes.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
313 |
(314) U bepa'aria bwiae yaari. u det bepa'aria ceiling bwia-e earth-instr yaa-ri make-res ‘The ceiling is made of earth.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
314 |
(315) Joan tablamak karita yaak. Joan Juan tabla-mak wood-instr kari-ta house-acc yaa-k make-pfv ‘Juan made a house by using wood. / Juan built a house out of wood.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
315 |
(316) Joan sementokarita yaak. Joan Juan semento-kari-ta cement-house-acc yaa-k make-pfv ‘Juan made a cement house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
316 |
(317) Chu'um ne majaetua. chu'u-m dog-pl ne 1sg majae-tua fear-caus ‘I frightened the dogs. \ lit. I made the dogs to fear.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
317 |
(318) Achaim, emou ne etejobae. achai-m mister-pl emo-u 2pl.refl-dir ne 1sg etejo-bae tell-des ‘Gentlemen, I want to tell you (...).’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-dir 3-acc V |
318 |
(319) In maala in jakamak binwa etejo. in 1sg.pos maala mother in 1sg.pos jaka-mak older_aunt-com binwa a_while etejo talk ‘My mom is talking to my aunt for long.’ |
★ | TALK | the Verb form etejo (2) | 319 |
(320) U sontao kawiu bichaa buite. u det sontao soldier kawi-u mountain-dir bichaa towards buite run ‘The soldier runs towards the mountain.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1-nom V |
320 |
(321) U yoeme jamutta uka ili uusita pisammea paktatuak. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc uka det.acc ili little uusi-ta child-acc pisam-mea blanket-instr patta-tua-k cover-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman cover the boy with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Causative |
321 |
(322) U yoeme jamutta uka baasota ba'ammea tapuniatuak. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc uka det.acc baaso-ta glass-acc ba'am-mea water-instr tapunia-tua-k fill-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman fill the glass with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
322 |
(323) U yoeme jamutta karopo pajata pu'aktatuak. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc karo-po car-loc paja-ta hay-acc pu'akta-tua-k load.trns-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman load the hay on the car.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
323 |
(324) U yoeme jamutta baasopo ba'am to'otuak. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc baaso-po glass-loc ba'am water to'o-tua-k pour.rdp-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman pour the water into the glass.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
324 |
(325) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta maejtratau liprom bittuatebok. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc maejtra-ta-u teacher-acc-dir libro-m book-pl bittua-tebo-k send-ind.caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl send the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Causative |
325 |
(326) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta maejtrota liprom maktuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc maejtro-ta teacher-acc lipro-m book-pl mak-tua-k give-caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl give the teacher the book.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
326 |
(327) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta librom maejtrata bittuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc libro-m book-pl maejtra-ta teacher-acc bit-tua-k see-caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl show the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-acc V |
327 |
(328) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta maejtrata librom essotuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc maejtra-ta teacher-acc libro-m book-pl esso-tua-k hide-caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl hide the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
328 |
(329) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta librom jiosiota siutatuak. u det yoeme man u-ka det-acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc libro-m book-pl jiosia-ta page-acc siuta-tua-k tear.trns-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman tear the page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
329 |
(330) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta mesapo jaimachirata tu'utetuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc mesa-po table-loc jaimachira-ta dirt-acc tu'ute-tua-k wipe-caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl wipe the dirt from the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
330 |
(331) U yoeme uka uusita nabasommea panim chuktatuak. u det yoeme man u-ka det-acc uusi-ta child-acc nabasom-mea knife-instr pan-im bread-pl chukta-tua-k cut.trns-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy cut the bread with a knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
331 |
(332) U yoeme uka uusita bakotta kutae bwistuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi-ta child-acc bakot-ta snake-acc kuta-e stick-instr bwis-tua-k touch-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy touch the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
332 |
(333) U yoeme uka uusita bakotta kutae bebtuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi-ta child-acc bakot-ta snake-acc kuta-e stick-instr beb-tua-k hit-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy hit the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
333 |
(334) U yoeme uka uusita bakotta kutae me'etuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi-ta child-acc bakot-ta snake-acc kuta-e stick-instr me'e-tua-k kill-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy kill the snake with a stick.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
334 |
(335) U yoeme uka uusita bentaanata tetae jamtatuak. u det yoeme man u-ka det-acc uusi-ta child-acc bentana-ta window-acc teta-e stone-instr jamta-tua-k break.trns-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy break the window with a stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Causative |
335 |
(336) U yoeme uka uusita karita saamimmea yaatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi-ta child-acc kari-ta house-acc saamim-mea adobe-instr yaa-tua-k make-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy build a house with adobe.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
336 |
(337) U yoeme uka uusita karisaamita yaatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc uusi-ta child-acc karisaami-ta adobe_house-acc yaa-tua-k make-caus-pfv ‘The man made the boy build a house of adobe.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Causative |
337 |
(338) U yoeme uka uusi beemeta uusitau kaa suak ti jiutuak. u det yoeme man u-ka det-acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc uusi-ta-u child-acc-dir kaa neg suak smart ti thus jiu-tua-k name-caus-pfv ‘The man made the girl name the boy a dumb.’ |
★ | BE NAMED | the Verb form tea (1) | 338 |
(339) U yoeme uka jamutta uusi beemetau kaita teuwatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi child beeme-ta-u girl-acc-dir kaita nothing teuwa-tua-k tell-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman say nothing to the girl.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
339 |
(340) U yoeme uka jamutta uusi beemetat chachaaetuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi child beeme-ta-t girl-acc-loc cha-chaae-tua-k rdp:hab-shout-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman shout at the girl.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
340 |
(341) U yoeme uusi beemetau etejoita teuwak. u det yoeme man uusi child beeme-ta-u girl-acc-dir eteori-ta story-acc teuwa-k tell-pfv ‘The man told a story to the girl.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc 3-dir V |
341 |
(342) U yoeme uka jamutta o'outa tomita betchi'ibo a'autuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc o'ou-ta male-acc tomi-ta money-acc betchi'ibo for a'au-tua-k ask_for-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman ask the male for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
342 |
(343) U yoeme uka jamutta uusitau jamutta betana a eteuriatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta-u child-acc-dir beeme-ta girl-acc betana about a 3sg.obj eteu-ria-tua-k tell-appl-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman tell the boy about the girl.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
343 |
(344) U yoeme uka jamutta uusita ta'atuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta child-acc ta'a-tua-k know-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman know the child.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Causative |
344 |
(345) U yoeme uka jamutta uusita bitchutuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta child-acc bitchu-tua-k see-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman see the boy.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
345 |
(346) U yoeme uka jamutta uusita gomtatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta child-acc gomta-tua-k frighten.trns-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman to frighten the boy.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
346 |
(347) U yoeme uka jamutta o'outa majaetuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc o'ou-ta male-acc majae-tua-k fear-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman fear the (other) man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
347 |
(348) U yoeme uka jamutta o'outa tu'urituak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc o'ou-ta male-acc tu'uri-tua-k like-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman like (the other) male.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
348 |
(349) U yoeme uka jamutta uusita jariutuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta child-acc jariu-tua-k search_for-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman search for the child.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Causative |
349 |
(350) U yoeme uka jamutta uusi beemetamak emo nau teutuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi child beeme-ta-mak girl-acc-com emo refl nau together teu-tua-k meet-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman meet the girl.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Causative |
350 |
(351) U yoeme uka jamutta uusi beemeta jajatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc jaja-tua-k follow-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman follow the girl.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Causative |
351 |
(352) U yoeme uka jamutta uusi beemeta aniatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi child beeme-ta girl-acc ania-tua-k help-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman help the girl.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Causative |
352 |
(353) U yoeme uka jamuta paanim bwa'atuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamu-ta woman-acc paanim bread bwa'a-tua-k eat-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman eat the bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
353 |
(354) U yoeme uka jamutta uka ili uusita a'anatuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uka det.acc ili little uusi-ta child-acc a'ana-tua-k dress-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman dress the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Causative |
354 |
(355) U yoeme uka jamutta tastuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc tas-tua-k cough-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman cough.’ |
★ | COUGH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
355 |
(356) U yoeme uka jamutta kauta ja'amutuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc kawi-t mountain-loc ja'amu-tua-k climb-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman climb up the hill.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
an Alternation:
Causative |
356 |
(357) U yoeme uka jamutta betuk bwiapo yejtetuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc betuk down bwia-po ground-loc yejte-tua-k sit-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman sit down on the floor.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Causative |
357 |
(358) U yoeme uka ili uusita pisopo buibuitituak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc ili little uusi-ta child-acc piso-po floor-loc bui-buiti-tua-k rdp:iter-run-caus-pfv ‘The man made the child run on the floor.’ |
★ | RUN |
an Alternation:
Causative |
358 |
(359) U yoeme uka ili uusita cheptituak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc ili little uusi-ta child-acc chepti-tua-k jump-caus-pfv ‘The man made the child jump.’ |
★ | JUMP |
an Alternation:
Causative |
359 |
(360) U yoeme uka jamutta pueplopo jo'atuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc pueplo-po town-loc jo'a-tua-k live-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman live in the town.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Causative |
360 |
(361) U yoeme uka jamutta wepul bwiikam bwiiktuak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc wepul one bwiika-m song-pl bwiik-tua-k sing-caus-pfv ‘The man made the woman sing a song.’ |
★ | SING |
an Alternation:
Causative |
361 |
(362) U ili uusi chu'uta wakasta juktatua. u det ili little uusi child chu'u-ta dog-acc wakas-ta cow-acc jukta-tua smell-caus ‘The child makes the dog smell the cow.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
362 |
(363) U sewa juktai. u det sewa flower jukta-i smell-res ‘The smelled flower. / The flower was smelled.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
363 |
(364) U sewa aa juktatu. u det sewa flower aa can jukta-tu smell-inch ‘The flower can be smelled.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Middle |
364 |
(365) U sewa juktawa. u det sewa flower jukta-wa smell-pass ‘The flower was smelled.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
365 |
(366) Maria yee majae. Maria Maria yee people majae fear ‘Maria is feeling fear (because of the people).’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
366 |
(367) Chu'u majaetu. chu'u dog majae-tu fear-inch ‘Someone is scared because of the dog (lit. The fearsome dog (causes someone to be scared).).’ |
★ | FEAR |
an Alternation:
Middle |
367 |
(368) U yoeme yee gomtak. u det yoeme man yee people gomta-k frighten.trns-pfv ‘The man frightened people.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
368 |
(369) Maria jamutta ko'arim tu'uliria. Maria Maria jamut-ta woman-acc ko'ari-m skirt-pl tu'uli-ria like-appl ‘Maria likes the woman's skirt.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
369 |
(370) Maria aa tu'ulitu. Maria Maria aa can tu'uli-tu like-inch ‘Maria is likeable (for someone). / Maria allows (someone) to woo her.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Middle |
370 |
(371) Maria tu'uliwa (Joanta betchi'ibo). Maria Maria tu'uli-wa like-pass Joan-ta Juan-gen betchi'ibo for ‘Maria is liked so that she will be Juan's (girlfriend).’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
Passive |
371 |
(372) U yoeme uka jamutta uusita ta'aria. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc uusi-ta child-acc ta'a-ria know-appl ‘The man knows the woman's child.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
372 |
(373) Aa jita ta'atu. aa can jita something ta'a-tu know-inch ‘It can be known.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Middle |
373 |
(374) Yee ta'awa. yee people ta'a-wa know-pass ‘The known people. / The known things.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Passive |
374 |
(375) Ne yee ta'a. ne 1sg.subj yee people ta'a know ‘I know someone/people.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
375 |
(376) U yoeme jita ea. u det yoeme man jita something ea think ‘The man is thinking (of doing) something. / The man pretends to do something.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
376 |
(377) Jita eewa. jita something ee-wa think-pass ‘Something is thought.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Passive |
377 |
(378) U yoeme Joanta uusita jariuria. u det yoeme man Joan-ta Juan-acc uusi-ta child-acc jariu-ria search_for-appl ‘The man is searching for the boy for Juan. / The man is searching for Juan for the boy.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
378 |
(379) Inepo chu'utat jita jariwa. inepo 1sg.subj chu'u-ta-t dog-acc-loc jita something jariwa search_for ‘I am searching for something on the dog.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Locative |
379 |
(380) U chu'u ousi jariuwak. u det chu'u dog ousi int jariu-wa-k search_for-pass-pfv ‘The dog was searched for too much.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Passive |
380 |
(381) U chu'u ousi jariuri. u det chu'u dog ousi int jariu-ri search_for-res ‘The searched for dog. / The dog was searched.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
381 |
(382) Marta sanaba beeata Joanta baksiaria. Marta Marta sanaba_beea-ta corn_leaf-acc Joan-ta Juan-acc baksia-ria wash-appl ‘Maria is washing the corn leaves for Juan.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
382 |
(383) Joan ili uusita karota baksiatua. Joan Juan ili little uusi-ta child-acc karo-ta car-acc baksia-tua wash-caus ‘Juan made the child wash the car.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
383 |
(384) Ume puatom baksiawak. ume det.pl puato-m dish-pl baksia-wa-k wash-pass-pfv ‘The dishes were washed.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Passive |
384 |
(385) U jamut ili uusita baato betchi'ibo a'anak. u det jamut woman ili little uusi-ta child-acc baato baptism betchi'ibo for a'ana-k dress-pfv ‘The woman dressed the child for the baptism. / The woman dressed the child in order to attend the baptism.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1-nom 2-acc V |
385 |
(386) U jamut ili uusita o'outa a'anariak. u det jamut woman ili little uusi-ta child-acc o'ou-ta male-acc a'ana-ria-k dress-appl-pfv ‘The woman dressed the child for the man.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
386 |
(387) U tajo'oria tu'isi a'anatu. u det tajo'oria clothes tu'isi well a'ana-tu dress-inch ‘Clothes dress well.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Middle |
387 |
(388) U ili uusi a'anawak. u det ili little uusi child a'ana-wa-k dress-pass-pfv ‘The child was dressed.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Passive |
388 |
(389) Maria yee a'ana. Maria Maria yee people a'ana dress ‘Maria dresses the people. / Maria is a dressmaker. / Maria sews.’ |
★ | DRESS |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
389 |
(390) U jamut o'outa kobata bektatuak. u det jamut woman o'ou-ta male-acc koba-ta head-acc bekta-tua-k shave-caus-pfv ‘The woman made the man shave his head.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Causative |
390 |
(391) U jamut o'outa bektak. u det jamut woman o'ou-ta male-acc bekta-k shave-pfv ‘The woman shaved the man.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) | the Verb form bekta | 391 |
(392) Joan kobat au bektak. Joan Juan koba-t head-loc au refl bekta-k shave-pfv ‘Juan shaved his head.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Locative |
392 |
(393) Kobapo ne ino bektak. koba-po head-loc ne 1sg.subj ino 1sg.refl bekta-k shave-pfv ‘I shaved on my head. / I shaved my own head.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Locative |
393 |
(394) Bo'am kaa tu'isi bektatu. bo'am hair kaa neg tu'isi well bekta-tu shave-inch ‘Hair does not shave well.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Middle |
394 |
(395) Ume bo'am bektawa. ume det.pl bo'am hair bekta-wa shave-pass ‘The hair is being shaved.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Passive |
395 |
(396) Ume bo'am jaibu bektari. ume det.pl bo'am hair jaibu already bekta-ri shave-res ‘The hair is already shaved.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
396 |
(397) Ume macham jaibu bektari. ume det.pl macham legs jaibu already bekta-ri shave-res ‘The legs are already shaved.’ |
★ | SHAVE (self) |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
397 |
(398) Maria jamutta o'outa aniaria. Maria Maria jamut-ta woman-acc o'ou-ta male-acc ania-ria help-appl ‘Maria is helping the woman for the man.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
398 |
(399) Ume jamuchim aniawak. ume det.pl jamuch-im woman-pl ania-wa-k help-pass-pfv ‘The women were helped.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Passive |
399 |
(400) U yoeme uka jamutta ili uusita jajariak. u det yoeme man uka det.acc jamut-ta woman-acc ili little uusi-ta child-acc jaja-ria-k follow-appl-pfv ‘The man followed the woman for the child.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
400 |
(401) U jamut yoemta uusi jajariak. u det jamut woman yoem-ta man-gen uusi child jaja-ria-k follow-appl-pfv ‘The woman followed the child of the man.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
401 |
(402) U baakot jajjawa. u det baakot snake ja-jja-wa rdp:hab-follow-pass ‘The snake is being followed. / The snake is being haunted.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
Passive |
402 |
(403) Joan yee tea. Joan Juan yee people tea meet ‘Juan is meeting people.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
403 |
(404) Inepo enchi Mariata eteutuak. inepo 1sg.subj enchi 2sg.obj Maria-ta Maria-acc eteu-tua-k talk-caus-pfv ‘I made you talk to Maria.’ |
★ | TALK |
an Alternation:
Causative |
404 |
(405) U eteori jaibu eteuwak. u det eteori story jaibu already eteu-wa-k talk-pass-pfv ‘The story has already been told.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Passive |
405 |
(406) U eteori jaibu eteuri. u det eteori story jaibu already eteu-ri talk-res ‘The story is already told.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
406 |
(407) Joan eteoritat jita etejok. Joan Juan eteori-ta-t story-acc-loc jita something etejo-k talk-pfv ‘Juan talked about a (specific part of the) story.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
407 |
(408) Joan eteoripo jita etejok. Joan Juan eteori-po story-loc jita something etejo-k talk-pfv ‘Juan talked about the story.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
408 |
(409) U yoeme jamutta ili uusim teuwaria. u det yoeme man jamut-ta woman-acc ili little uusi-m child-pl teuwa-ria name-appl ‘The man called the children of the woman.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
409 |
(410) Joan Pepepo nee tetewa. Joan Juan Pepe-po Pepe-loc nee 1sg.obj te-tewa rdp:hab-name ‘Juan calls me Pepe.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Locative |
410 |
(411) Joan yee tetewa. Joan Juan yee people te-tewa rdp:hab-name ‘Juan names the people.’ |
★ | BE NAMED |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
411 |
(412) Wakas aa yaatu. wakas meat aa can yaa-tu make-inch ‘Meat can be made. / Meat can be prepared/cooked.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Middle |
412 |
(413) U kari yaawa. u det kari house yaa-wa make-pass ‘The house is being made.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Passive |
413 |
(414) Joan yee yaa. Joan Juan yee people yaa make ‘Juan is taking pictures.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Undetermined object |
414 |
(415) Joan karita bentanata jamtariak. Joan Juan kari-ta house-acc bentana-ta window-acc jamta-ria-k break.trns-appl-pfv ‘Juan broke the window of the house.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
415 |
(416) Melquiades lentem Jesusta jamtariak. Melquiades Melquiades lentem eyeglasses Jesus-ta Jesus-gen jamta-ria-k break.trns-appl-pfv ‘Melquiades broke the eyeglasses of Jesus.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Applicative |
416 |
(417) U kari bentana jamtek. u det kari house bentana window jamte-k break.intr-pfv ‘The window of the house broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Equipollent Noncausal |
417 |
(418) U kari bentana jamtawak. u det kari house |