duuduk

Coding frame

1 LOC2 V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(40)

(Aanak) (kandeera=ka) arà-duuduk.

aanak

child

kandeera=ka

chair=loc

arà-duuduk

nonpast-sit

‘The child sits on the chair.’

★

(77)

Suda itthu oorang padale Seelongka aràduuduk.

suda

thus

itthu

dist

oorang

man

pada=le

pl=addit

Seelong=ka

Ceylon=loc

arà-duuduk

nonpast-dwell

‘So these people also live in Ceylon.’

★

(78)

Derang padajo Hambanthotaka aràduuduk.

derang

3pl

pada=jo

pl=foc

Hambanthota=ka

Hambantota=loc

arà=duuduk

nonpast=dwell

‘They live in Hambantota.’

★

(79)

Sooreka, Snow-whitele Rose-redle derangpe umma samma appi dìkkathka aràduuduk ambel.

soore=ka

evening=loc

Snow-white=le

Snow-white=addit

Rose-red=le

Rose-red=addit

derang=pe

3pl=poss

umma=samma

mother=comit

appi

fire

dìkkath=ka

close=loc

arà=duuduk

nonpast=sit

ambel

take

‘In the evenings, Snow-White and Rose-Red used to sit down close to the fire together with their mother.’

★

(148)

Oorang buumika aràduuduk.

oorang

man

buumi=ka

earth=loc

arà-duuduk

nonpast-sit

‘The man is sitting on the ground.’

★

Verb meanings , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	LIVE	SIT	SIT DOWN	Coding set	Argument type
1	liver	sitter	sitdowner	Ø	S
2	living place	sitting place	sitting-down place	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?
U Reciprocal alternation	–No data	n
U General NP addition more info	MMarginally	n
U General NP drop more info	RRegularly	n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

duuduk

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples