oomong

Coding frame

1 2-dat 3-abl V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(20)

(Kaake) (aanak=nang) (pìrrang=dering) arà-oomong.

kaake

grandfather

aanak=nang

child=dat

pìrrang=dering

war=abl

arà-oomong

nonpast-talk

‘Grandfather talks to the child about the war.’

★

(105)

Sebastian mlaayu aràoomong.

Sebastian

mlaayu

Malay

arà-oomong

nonpast-speak

‘Sebastian speaks Malay.’

★

(106)

Kapangcaanda kithang pada mlaayudering aràoomong.

kapang-caanda

when-meet

kithang

1pl

pada

mlaayu=dering

Malay=abl

arà-oomong

nonpast-speak

‘When we meet we speak in Malay.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TALK	Coding set	Argument type
1	talker	Ø	S
2	talked to person	NP-dat	X
3	talked about content	NP-abl	I

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?
U Reciprocal alternation	–No data	n
U General NP addition more info	MMarginally	n
U General NP drop more info	RRegularly	n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

oomong

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples