cunjiking

Coding frame

1 2-acc 3-dat V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(10)

(Oorang) (pompang=nang) (kaaki[=yang]) arà-cunjiking.

oorang

man

pompang=nang

woman=dat

kaaki=yang

leg=acc

arà-cunjiking

nonpast-show

‘The man shows the foot to the woman.’

★

(66)

Aanak raajape perkathahanyang Snow-whitenangle Rose-rednangle sukahandering supunnu hathu hidopan suthunjiking.

aanak

child

raaja=pe

king=poss

perkathahan=yang

word=acc

Snow-white=nang=le

Snow-white=dat=addit

Rose-red=nang=le

Rose-red=dat=addit

sukahan=dering

pleasure=abl

su-punnu

past-full

hathu

indef

hidopan

place

su-thunjiking

past-show

‘The princes words showed a place which filled Snow White and Rose Red with delight.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SHOW	Coding set	Argument type
1	shower	Ø	A
2	shown thing	NP-acc	P
3	showing addressee	NP-dat	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Examples
U Reciprocal alternation	–No data	n
U General NP addition more info	MMarginally	n
U General NP drop more info	RRegularly	n	(65) Kithang muuka konnyong aràcunjikang siini. ‘We show our faces a little here.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

cunjiking

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples