thaaro

Coding frame

1 2-acc LOC3 V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(5)

(Oorang) (gìllas[=yang]) (meeja=ka) arà-thaaro.

oorang

man

gìllas=yang

glass=acc

meeja=ka

table=loc

arà-thaaro

nonpast-put

‘The man puts the glass on the table.’

★

(49)

Papaayaka suumbu hatthu kalthaaro.

papaaya=ka

papaw=loc

suumbu=hatthu

wick=indef

kal-thaaro

when-put

‘When they put a wick in the papaw.’

★

(145)

Oorang klaapa pada trucknang nyaangkath thaaro.

oorang

man

klaapa

coconut

pada

truck=nang

truck=dat

nya-angkath

past-lift

thaaro

put

‘The men loaded coconuts on the truck.’

★

Verb meanings , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	LOAD	PUT	Coding set	Argument type
1	loader	putter	Ø	A
2	loaded thing	put thing	NP-acc	P
3	loading place	putting goal	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?
U Reciprocal alternation	–No data	n
U General NP addition more info	MMarginally	n
U General NP drop more info	RRegularly	n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

thaaro

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples