tʼᶿəkʷ-t

Coding frame

V.obj[1].sbj[2] 1

Example

(76)

tʼᶿətʼᶿkʷtas tə= θiwuθitən.

tʼᶿə-tʼᶿkʷ-t-∅-as

IMPF-wipe-CTR-3.OBJ-3.ERG

tə=

DET=

θiwuθitən

table

‘He is wiping the table.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	WIPE	Coding set	Argument type
1	wiped material	V.obj	P
2	wiper	V.sbj	A

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Active-intransitive more info	RRegularly		y		(204) tʼᶿəkʷʔəm =ga ʔə= tə= kʼʷaʔkʼʷaʔsta! ‘Wipe some of the cups!’ ★
C Active-intransitive-causative more info	RRegularly		y		(205) tʼᶿəkʷʔəmstumšas ʔə= tə= θiwuθitən. ‘He made me wipe the table.’ ★
C Indirective applicative more info	RRegularly		y		(206) tʼᶿəkʼʷʔəmθ =čxʷ ʔə= tə= θiwuθitən. ‘You wipe the table for me.’ ★
C Lexical suffix with Middle more info	RRegularly		y		(207) tʼᶿətʼᶿkʷšənəm =č ʔə= tə= tʼᶿəkʷšətən. ‘I am wiping my foot on the mat.’ ★
U Unsuffixed more info	RRegularly		n		(208) kʷən =a tʼᶿəkʷ tə= θiwuθitən? ‘Did the table get wiped?’ ★
C Causative more info	NNever		y
C Relational applicative more info	–No data		y
C Passive more info	–No data		y
C Control transitive more info	NNever	used as the basic form	y
C Middle more info	–No data		y
C Relational applicative with Passive more info	–No data		y
C Middle with Indirective applicative more info	–No data		y
C Indirective applicative with Passive more info	–No data		y
C Middle with Causative more info	–No data		y
C Middle with Relational applicative more info	–No data		y
C Causative with Reflexive more info	–No data		y
C Causative with Active-intransitive more info	–No data		y
C Noncontrol transitive more info	RRegularly		y
C Causative with Passive more info	–No data		y