Cognate object alternation U

Description

Introduces a new argument which is a cognate object to the verb meaning, usually for the purpose of object modification. The cognate object can be in the accusative or the instrumental case. Verbs marked as "Regular" permit both, while those marked "Marginal" only allow for the instrumental.

Alternation occurs:

Only

for Derived CF

Clear filters

Participants in Basic CF:

Verb meaning	Verb form	Occurs	arg_count	Basic Coding frame	Derived Coding frame	arg_count_derived	example
SING	petʹ	RRegularly	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (23) On poët. on he poët sing.PRS.3SG ‘He sings.’ ★	1-nom V'.subj[1] 2-acc (24) On poët pesnju. on he poët sing.PRS.3SG pesn-ju song-ACC ‘He is singing a song.’ ★	2	true
COVER	nakrytʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (36) Mama nakryla pirog polotencem. mama mother nakry-l-a cover-PST-F.SG pirog pie.ACC polotencem towel.INS ‘Mom covered the pie with a towel.’ ★
FILL	napolnitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (41) Ona napolnila vedro vodoj. ona she napolni-l-a fill-PST-F.SG vedro bucket.ACC vod-oj water-INS ‘She filled the bucket with water.’ ★
LOAD	nagruzitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3 (1) On nagruzil seno na telegu. on he na-gruzil PFV-loaded seno hay.ACC na on teleg-u cart-ACC ‘He loaded the hay onto the cart.’ ★
TIE	privjazatʹ	NNever	4	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc k+3-dat (4-instr) (3) Oni privjazali verëvku k derevu. oni they privjaza-l-i tie-PST-PL verëvk-u rope-ACC k to derev-u tree-DAT ‘They tied the rope to a tree.’ ★
POUR	litʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3 (57) Otec nalil kipjatok v čajnik. otec father na-lil PFV-pour.PST.M.SG kipjatok boiling.water.ACC v into čajnik teapot.ACC ‘Father poured the boiling water into the teapot.’ ★
PUT	položitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3 (58) Ona položila rebënka v krovatʹ. ona she položi-l-a put.PFV-PST-F.SG rebënk-a child-ACC v into krovat' bed.ACC ‘She put the child to bed.’ ★
THROW	brositʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3 (69) Ja brosil banku v musornoe vedro. ja 1SG brosi-l throw-PST.M.SG bank-u can-ACC v into musornoe trash vedro bucket.ACC ‘I threw the can into the trash bin.’ ★
BRING	prinesti	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc 3-dat (75) Ona prinesla babuške ovošči. ona she prines-l-a bring-PST-F.SG babušk-e gramdmother-DAT ovošči groceries.ACC ‘She brought the grandma groceries.’ ★
CARRY	nesti	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc LOC3 (32) Ona unesla vešči domoj. ona she u-nes-l-a PFV-carry-PST-F.SG vešči thing.PL.ACC dom-oj home-LOC ‘She carried the things home.’ ★ (108) Deti nesli igruški v komnatu. deti children nes-l-i carry-PST-PL igruški toy.PL.ACC v in komnat-u room-ACC ‘The children carried toys into the room.’ ★
SEND	poslatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc 3-dat (109) My poslali ej podarok. my we posla-l-i send-PST-PL ej her.DAT podarok gift.ACC ‘We sent her a gift.’ ★
GIVE	datʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc 3-dat (44) Maša dala čerepaxe morkovʹ. Maša Mary da-l-a give-PST-F.SG čerepax-e turtle-DAT morkovʹ carrot.ACC ‘Mary gave the turtle a carrot.’ ★
SHOW	pokazatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc 3-dat (63) Policejskij pokazal oružie sledovatelju. policejskij policeman pokaza-l show-PST.M.SG oružie weapon.ACC sledovatel-ju investigator-DAT ‘The policeman showed the weapon to the investigator.’ ★
TAKE	vzjatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (u+3-gen) (76) Syn vzjal mašinu u otca. syn son vzja-l take-PST.M.SG mašin-u car-ACC u from otca father.GEN ‘The son took his father’s car.’ ★
STEAL	ukrastʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (u+3-gen) (6) On ukral vešči u soseda. on he ukral steal.PST.M.SG vešči thing.PL.ACC u from sosed-a neighbor-GEN ‘He stole property from his neighbor.’ ★
HIDE	sprjatatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (ot+3-gen) (46) Dačniki sprjatali cennye vešči ot vorov. dačnik-i summer_resident-PL sprjata-l-i hide-PST-PL cennye valuable.PL vešči thing.PL.ACC ot from vor-ov thief-GEN.PL ‘The summer residents hid their valuables from the thieves.’ ★
TEAR	otorvatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (ot+3-gen) (68) Maša otorvala pugovicu ot rubaxi. Maša Mary oto-rva-l-a PFV-tear-PST-F.SG pugovicu button.ACC ot from rubax-i shirt-GEN ‘Mary tore a button off the shirt.’ ★ (110) On otorval vetku ot dereva. on he oto-rva-l PFV-tear-PST.M.SG vetku twig.ACC ot from dereva tree.GEN ‘He tore a twig off the tree.’ ★
WIPE	vyteretʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc s+3-gen (9) Ona vyterla grjazʹ so stola. ona she vyter-l-a wipe-PST-F.SG grjazʹ dirt.ACC so off stol-a table-GEN ‘She wiped the dirt off the table.’ ★
CUT	rezatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (37) Ja rezal nožom ogurec. ja 1SG reza-l cut-PST.M.SG nož-om knife-INS ogurec cucumber.ACC ‘I was cutting the cucumber with the knife.’ ★
TOUCH	kosnutʹsja	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-gen (3-instr) (70) Ona kosnulasʹ rukoj odejala. ona she kosnulas' touch.PST.F.REFL ruk-oj hand-INS odejala blanket.GEN ‘She touched the blanket with her hand.’ ★ (112) On kosnulsja rukoj stekla. on he kosnu-l-sja touch-PST.M.SG-REFL rukoj hand.INS stekla glass.GEN ‘He touched the glass with his hand.’ ★
HIT	udaritʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (47) On udaril protivnika kulakom. on he udari-l hit-PST.M.SG protivnik-a opponent-ACC kulak-om fist-INS ‘He hit his opponent with the fist.’ ★
KILL	ubitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (49) Ego ubil nožom neizvestnyj ubijca. ego he.ACC ubi-l kill-PST.M.SG nož-om knife-INS neizvestnyj unknown ubijca killer ‘An unidentified killer killed him with a knife.’ ★
BEAT	bitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (30) On s siloj b'ët ego ladonʹju po zatylku. on he s with siloj force.INS b'ët beat.3SG ego he.ACC ladon'-ju palm-INS po on zatylku back.of.head.DAT ‘He fiercely hits him on the back of the head with his palm.’ ★
BREAK	slomatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (10) On slomal palku. on he s-loma-l PFV-break-PST.M.SG palk-u stick-ACC ‘He broke the stick.’ ★ (31) Vory slomali dverʹ lomom. vor-y thief-PL s-loma-l-i PFV-break-PST-PL dver' door.ACC lom-om crowbar-INS ‘The thieves broke the door with a crowbar.’ ★
BUILD	stroitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (iz+3-gen) (12) Rabočie strojat dom. rabočie workers strojat build.3PL dom house.ACC ‘The workers are building the house.’ ★ (126) Deti stroili xižinu iz gliny. deti children stroi-l-i build-PST-PL xižin-u hut-ACC iz out.of glin-y mud-GEN ‘The children were building a hut out of mud.’ ★
NAME	nazvatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (55) Oni nazvali syna Mixailom. oni they nazva-l-i name-PST-PL syn-a son-ACC Mixail-om Michael-INS ‘They named their son Michael.’ ★ (56) On nazval menja durakom. on he nazva-l name-PST.M.SG menja me.ACC durak-om fool-INS ‘He called/named me a fool.’ ★
SAY	skazatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat UTT3 (61) On skazal žene, čto pojdët v magazin. on he skaza-l tell-PST.M.SG žene wife.DAT čto that pojdët go.FUT.3SG.M v in magazin store ‘He told his wife that he would go to the store.’ ★ (62) Ona skazala emu: "Ne trogaj menja!". ona she skaza-l-a tell-PST-F.SG emu he.DAT ne NEG trogaj touch.IMP menja me.ACC ‘She said to him: "Don't touch me!".’ ★
SHOUT AT	kričatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] na+2-acc (92) Načalnik kričal na podčinënnyx. načalnik boss kriča-l shout-PST.M.SG na at podčinënnyx subordinates.ACC ‘The boss was shouting at his subordinates.’ ★
ASK FOR	prositʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (u+3-gen) (28) Vy prosili u premʹera deneg? vy 2PL prosi-l-i ask-PST-PL u from prem'er-a prime.minister-GEN deneg money.GEN ‘Did you ask the prime minister for money?’ ★ (111) On prosit u menja mašinu. on he prosi-t ask-3SG u from menja me.GEN mašin-u car-ACC ‘He is asking me for my car.’ ★
SAY	govoritʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat UTT3 (67) On govoril nam, čto pridët vovremja. on he govori-l tell-PST.M.SG nam 1PL.DAT čto that pridët come.FUT.3SG vovremja on.time ‘He told us that he would come on time.’ ★
KNOW	znatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (50) Ona znala ego s detstva. ona she zna-l-a know-PST-F.SG ego he.ACC s since detstva childhood.GEN ‘She knew him since his childhood.’ ★
REMEMBER	zapomnitʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (74) On navsegda zapomnil ètot zapax. on he navsegda forever zapomni-l remember-PST.M.SG ètot this zapax smell.ACC ‘He remembered that smell forever.’ ★
SEE	videtʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (27) Iz okna ona videla berëzu. iz out.of okna window ona she vide-l-a see-PST-F.SG berëz-u birch-ACC ‘Out of the window she could see the birch tree.’ ★
LOOK AT	smotretʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] na+2-acc (53) Ona dolgo smotrela na dosku. ona she dolgo long_time smotre-l-a look-PST-F.SG na on dosku chalkboard.ACC ‘She looked at the chalkboard for a long while.’ ★
FRIGHTEN	pugatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (43) Staršij brat ispugal sestru. staršij older brat brother is-puga-l PFV-frighten-PST.M.SG sestru sister.ACC ‘The elder brother scared his sister.’ ★
FEAR	bojatʹsja	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (18) Bojus' sobaku. boju-s' fear.1SG-REFL sobak-u dog-ACC ‘I am afraid of the dog.’ ★
LIKE	nravitʹsja	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat (51) Mne očenʹ nravitsja ètot rasskaz. mne 1SG.DAT očenʹ very nravitsja like.PRS.3SG ètot this rasskaz short.story.M.SG ‘I like this short story very much.’ ★
SEARCH FOR	iskatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (14) On iskal olenja v lesu. on he iska-l search-PST.M.SG olenja deer.SG.ACC v in lesu forest.LOC ‘He looked for (a) deer in the forest.’ ★
HUNT (FOR)	oxotitʹsja	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] na+2-acc (72) Ego praded oxotilsja na olenej. ego his pra-ded great-grandfather oxoti-l-sja hunt-PST.M.SG-REFL na at olenej deer.PL.ACC ‘His great-grandfather used to hunt for deer.’ ★
MEET	vstretitʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (54) Ja vstretil eë na vyxode iz biblioteki. ja 1SG vstreti-l meet-PST eë her.ACC na at vyxode exit iz out.of biblioteki library.GEN ‘I met her at the library doors.’ ★
FOLLOW	sledovatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] za+2-instr (42) Mašina sledovala za avtobusom. mašina car.NOM sledova-l-a follow-PST-F.SG za after avtobus-om bus-INS ‘The car was following the bus.’ ★
HELP	pomočʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-dat (45) On pomog drugu v bede. on he pomog help.PST.M.SG drug-u friend-DAT v in bed-e peril-LOC ‘He helped a friend in a hard time.’ ★
EAT	estʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (39) Devočka ela kašu ložkoj. devočka girl ela eat.PST.F.SG kaš-u porridge-ACC ložk-oj spoon-INS ‘The girl was eating the porridge with a spoon.’ ★
DRESS	odetʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (v+3-acc) (20) Otec odel rebënka (v pal'to). otec father odel dress.PST.M.SG rebënk-a child-ACC v in pal'to coat.ACC ‘The father dressed the child in a coat.’ ★
WASH	mytʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (71) On často moet mašinu. on he často often moet wash mašin-u car-ACC ‘He often washes his car.’ ★
COUGH	kašljatʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (35) Ona gromko kašljala. ona she gromko loudly kašlja-l-a cough-PST-F.SG ‘She was coughing loudly.’ ★
CLIMB	vzobratʹsja	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] na+2-acc (33) Oni vzobralisʹ na goru. oni they vzobra-l-i-s' climb-PST-PL-REFL na onto kryš-u roof-ACC ‘They climbed onto the roof.’ ★
SIT DOWN	sestʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (65) Gostʹ sel v kreslo. gostʹ guest sel sit.down.PFV.PST v in kreslo armchair.ACC ‘The guest took a seat in the armchair.’ ★
SIT	sidetʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (64) On vesʹ denʹ sidel na divane. on he vesʹ all denʹ day side-l sit-PST.M.SG na on divan-e couch-LOC ‘He was sitting on the couch all day.’ ★
RUN	bežatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (60) Maša bystro bežala v školu. Maša Mary bystro fast beža-l-a run-PST-F.SG v in školu school.ACC ‘Mary was running swiftly to school.’ ★
JUMP	prygnutʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (48) Tanja prygnula v vodu. Tanja Tanja prygnu-l-a jump-PST-F.SG v into vod-u water-ACC ‘Tanja jumped into the water.’ ★
COME (2)	prijti	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (22) Prišli tri čeloveka. prišl-i come.PST-PL tri three čelovek-a man-GEN ‘(These) three people came.’ ★
LEAVE	ujti	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (iz/ot 2-gen) (73) On ušël iz doma v pjatʹ utra. on he ušël leave.PST.M.SG iz out.of dom-a house-GEN v at pjatʹ five utra morning.GEN ‘He left the house at five o'clock in the morning.’ ★
LIVE	žitʹ	RRegularly	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (52) Ego semʹja žila v Berline. ego his sem'ja family žila live.PST.SG.F v in Berline Berlin.LOC ‘His family lived in Berlin.’ ★	1-nom V'.subj[1] 3-acc (LOC2)	3	true
APPEAR	pojavitʹsja	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (78) Prizrak pojavilsja na doroge v polnoč'. prizrak ghost pojavi-l-sja appear-PST-REFL na on dorog-e road-LOC v at polnoč' midnight ‘The ghost appeared on the road at midnight.’ ★
FEEL PAIN	boletʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] u+2-gen (77) U nego strašno bolela golova. u at nego he.GEN strašno terribly bole-l-a hurt-PST-F.SG golova head ‘He felt a terrible pain in his head.’ ★
DIE	umeretʹ	MMarginally	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (38) On umer v vozraste devjanosta let. on he umer die.PFV.PST.M.SG v in vozraste age.LOC devjanosta ninety.GEN let year.GEN.PL ‘He died at the age of ninety.’ ★
FALL	upastʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (79) Derevo upalo na zabor. derevo tree.NOM upalo fall.PFV.PST.SG.N na on zabor fence.ACC ‘The tree fell onto the fence.’ ★
FEEL COLD	mërznutʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (40) Sobaka mërzla vo dvore. sobaka dog.NOM mërz-l-a be.cold-PST-F.SG vo in dvore yard.LOC ‘The dog felt cold in the yard.’ ★
BE HUNGRY	bytʹ golodnym	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (29) Ja golodnyj, kak zverʹ. ja 1SG golodnyj hungry kak like zverʹ beast ‘I am hungry as a beast.’ ★
RAIN	dožd' idët	NNever	0	V (59) Celyj den' šël dožd'. celyj whole den' day šël go.PST.M.SG dožd' rain.M ‘It was raining all day.’ ★
BLINK	morgnutʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (80) Ona morgnula glazami. ona she morgnu-l-a blink-PST-F.SG glaza-mi eyes-INS ‘She blinked with her eyes.’ ★
BURN	goretʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (81) Dom gorel. dom house.NOM gore-l burn-PST ‘The house was on fire.’ ★ (82) V ego komnate gorel svet. v in ego his komnat-e room-LOC gore-l burn-PST svet light ‘The lights were on in his room.’ ★
SHAVE (a body part/person)	britʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (83) On každyj denʹ bril borodu èlektrobritvoj. on he každyj every den' day bri-l shave-PST.M.SG borod-u beard-ACC èlektro-britv-oj electric-shaver-INS ‘He shaved his beard with an electric shaver daily.’ ★
GO	idti	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (LOC2) (84) Rabočie idut na fabriku. rabočie workers idut go.3PL na to fabrik-u factory-ACC ‘The workers are going to the factory.’ ★
HUG	obnjatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (85) On obnjal svoego syna. on he obnja-l hug-PST.M.SG svoego his syn-a son-ACC ‘He hugged his son.’ ★
LAUGH	smejatʹsja	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (86) Maša dolgo smejalas'. Maša Mary dolgo long_time smeja-l-a-s' laugh-PST-F.SG-REFL ‘Mary laughed for a long while.’ ★
LEAVE	uexatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (iz/ot 2-gen) (87) V prošlom godu on uexal iz goroda. v in prošlom previous godu year on he uexa-l leave-PST.M.SG iz out.of gorod-a town-GEN ‘He left the town last year.’ ★
PEEL	očistitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (ot+3-gen) (88) Povarënok očistil kartošku ot kožury. povarënok kitchen.boy očisti-l peel.PFV-PST.M.SG kartošk-u potatoes-ACC ot from kožur-y skin-GEN ‘The kitchen boy peeled the potatoes.’ ★
PLAY	igratʹ (1)	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (v+2-acc) (90) Saša igral v šaxmaty s Dimoj. Saša Alex igra-l play-PST.M.SG v in šaxmaty chess.ACC s with Dim-oj Dmitrij-INS ‘Alex played chess with/against Dmitrij.’ ★
ROLL	katitʹsja	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (91) Mjač katitsja po futbol'nomu polju. mjač ball katit-sja roll-REFL po on futbol'nomu football.LOC polju field.LOC ‘The ball is rolling on the soccer field.’ ★
SCREAM	vopit'	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (93) Rebënok gromko vopit'. rebënok child.NOM gromko loudly vopi-l shout-PST.M.SG ‘The child was screaming loudly.’ ★
DROWN	utonutʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (94) Posle stolknovenija korablʹ utonul. posle after stolknovenija crash.GEN korablʹ ship utonu-l PFV.sink-PST.M.SG ‘After the crash the ship sank.’ ★
SMELL	njuxatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (95) Devočka njuxala cvety. devočka girl njuxa-l-a smell-PST-F.SG cvety flowers.ACC ‘The girl smelled the flowers.’ ★
THINK	dumatʹ	RRegularly	2	1-nom V.subj[1] o+2-LOC (96) On dumal tol'ko o rabote. on he duma-l think-PST.M.SG tol'ko only o about rabote work.LOC ‘He was thinking about work only.’ ★	1-nom V'.subj[1] 3-acc (122) Ona dumala prostuju mysl'. ona she duma-l-a think-PST-F.SG tiazheluju sad.ACC dumu thought.ACC ‘Lit. She was thinking a sad thought.’ ★	2	true
BOIL	kipetʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (97) Voda uže kipit. voda water uže already kipit boils ‘The water is boiling already.’ ★
COOK	gotovitʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (98) On gotovil očenʹ vkusnye salaty. on he gotovi-l prepare-PST.M.SG očenʹ very vkusnye tasty salaty salads.ACC ‘He could make very tasty salads.’ ★
DIG	kopatʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-instr) (99) Oni kopali zemlju. oni they kopa-l-i dig-PST-PL zemlju ground.ACC ‘They were digging the ground / the soil.’ ★
GRIND	molotʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (100) Ona molola svežij kofe. ona she molo-l-a grind-PST-F.SG svežij fresh kofe coffee.ACC ‘She was grinding fresh coffee.’ ★
HEAR	uslyšatʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (101) Ja uslyšal šum reki. ja 1SG uslyša-l hear-PST.M.SG šum noise.ACC reki river.GEN ‘I heard the noise of the river.’ ★
PUSH	tolknutʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (LOC3) (102) Malčik tolknul druga v lužu. mal'čik boy tolknu-l push-PST.M.SG drug-a friend-ACC v into lužu puddle.ACC ‘The boy pushed his friend into a puddle.’ ★
TEACH	naučitʹ	NNever	3	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (3-dat) (103) Roditeli naučili ego ispanskomu jazyku. roditeli parents nauči-l-i teach-PST-PL ego he.ACC ispanskomu spanish.DAT jazyk-u language-DAT ‘His parents taught him Spanish.’ ★
PLAY	igratʹ (2)	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] (na+2-loc) (89) Ego doč xorošo igraet na skripke. ego his doč daughter xorošo well igra-et play-3SG na on skripk-e violin-LOC ‘His daughter plays the violin well.’ ★
COOK	varitʹ	NNever	2	1-nom V.subj[1] 2-acc (106) Ona varit sup. ona she varit cook.3SG sup soup.ACC ‘She is cooking soup.’ ★
BE A HUNTER	no verbal counterpart	NNever	0	N/A
BE SAD	grustitʹ	NNever	1	1-nom V.subj[1] (113) Ona dolgo grustila. ona she dolgo long_time grusti-l-a be_sad-PST-F.SG ‘She was sad for a long time.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.