ǀkxʼaike

Coding frame

ǀʼhuunsi ǀkxʼaike gǁain.

ǀʼhuun-si

white.person-SG

ǀkxʼaike

beat

gǁain

brown.hyena

‘The Boer beats hyena.’

#	BEAT	HIT	Coding set	Argument type
1	beater	hitter	Ø	A
2	beatee	hittee	Ø	P

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Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Examples
U Clausal complement instead of direct object	NNever		n
C Addition of oblique via SVC more info	NNever		y
C Addition of direct object via SVC more info	NNever		y
C Addition of oblique + direct object via SVC more info	NNever		y
U Clausal complement instead of oblique argument	NNever		n
U Deletion of dative object more info	NNever		n
U Addition of direct object more info	NNever		n
U Deagentive more info	NNever		n
U Uncoded causative more info	NNever		n
U Deletion of direct object more info	NNever		n
U Demotion of direct object to oblique more info	NNever		n
U Promotion of direct object to oblique more info	NNever		n
U Addition of oblique more info	NNever		n
U Deletion of oblique more info	NNever		n
U Promotion of oblique to indirect object more info	NNever		n
U Theme as instrument instead of oblique more info	NNever		n
U Addition of instrument/comitative more info	RRegularly	probably regular, but only found in elicitation so far	n	(175) ǀoba ǀkxʼaike ǀaqasi nǀa tsaqm. ‘The child hits the snake with the stick.’ ★
C Demotion of indirect object to oblique (via SVC)	NNever		y
C Deletion of indirect object	NNever		y
U Locative shift: goal as direct object (instead of theme) with the theme coded as instrumental/comitative	NNever		n
U Locative shift: theme as direct object (instead of goal)	NNever		n
C Coded causative + addition of oblique	NNever		y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.