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Verb meanings
Show all Verb meanings
or select one of the 80 core meanings:
ASK FOR
BE A HUNTER
BEAT
BE DRY
BE HUNGRY
BE SAD
BLINK
BOIL
BREAK
BRING
BUILD
BURN
CARRY
CLIMB
COOK
COUGH
COVER
CUT
DIE
DIG
DRESS
EAT
FEAR
FEEL COLD
FEEL PAIN
FILL
FOLLOW
FRIGHTEN
GIVE
GO
GRIND
HEAR
HELP
HIDE
HIT
HUG
JUMP
KILL
KNOW
LAUGH
LEAVE
LIKE
LIVE
LOAD
LOOK AT
MEET
NAME
PEEL
PLAY
POUR
PUSH
PUT
RAIN
ROLL
RUN
SAY
SCREAM
SEARCH FOR
SEE
SEND
SHAVE (a body part/person)
SHOUT AT
SHOW
SING
SINK
SIT
SIT DOWN
SMELL
STEAL
TAKE
TALK
TEACH
TEAR
TELL
THINK
THROW
TIE
TOUCH
WASH
WIPE
All Coding frames
Microroles
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Data set for Nǀǀng
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Data set for all languages
(zipped SQLite3 file)
Nǀǀng
Verb forms
Show all 79 Verb forms
or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
ASK FOR
ǃʼhoeʼa
BE A HUNTER
ng X
BEAT
ǀkxʼaike, ǂamʼa
BE DRY
ǁoo(-a)
BE HUNGRY
khinn ǁqann
BE SAD
idiomatic expressions
BLINK
no verbal counterpart
BOIL
ǀuun
BREAK
ǁhaa
BRING
tsaa
BUILD
kxʼuu
BURN
(no counterpart)
CARRY
ǃxau
CLIMB
ǁain
COOK
ǃxama
COUGH
ǁʼhoqo
COVER
ǂanu, ǂʼaoke
CUT
ǀaa
DIE
ǀʼaa
DIG
ǁʼau
DRESS
nǁaa (1), ǂaasinn
EAT
ain
FEAR
ǃauka
FEEL COLD
khinn ǀʼhuu, ǀʼhuu
FEEL PAIN
ʘʼuiʼi
FILL
ǂunn
FOLLOW
ǀhunn
FRIGHTEN
kxʼuu qain
GIVE
aa, tsaa
GO
ǁʼaa
GRIND
ǂxaike
HEAR
tyuu
HELP
hui
HIDE
ǀʼhoo ǁhoo
HIT
ǀkxʼaike, ǂamʼa
HUG
no verbal counterpart
JUMP
ǂkhuun
KILL
ǀhaa
KNOW
ǁxae(-a)
LAUGH
kxʼainʼa
LEAVE
xuu
LIKE
tsʼaanʼa
LIVE
nǁaa (2), ǀʼhoa
LOAD
nǃao
LOOK AT
ǂaqe
MEET
hoo (2)
NAME
no verbal counterpart
PEEL
no verbal counterpart
PLAY
(ka) ǃqora
POUR
ǂhaun
PUSH
ǂʼhaqa
PUT
ǁhoo
RAIN
ǂhau
ROLL
no verbal counterpart
RUN
ǃae
SAY
ku
SCREAM
no verbal counterpart
SEARCH FOR
ǁaanʼa, ǂxaqake
SEE
nǀai
SEND
ǀae(-a)
SHAVE (a body part/person)
no verbal counterpart
SHOUT AT
no verbal counterpart
SHOW
kadyama, qann(-ya)
SING
ǂeeke
SINK
no verbal counterpart
SIT
soo
SIT DOWN
suin (SG), ǃʼhaun (PL)
SMELL
ǃqhao
STEAL
gaake
TAKE
ǀai (1)
TALK
no verbal counterpart
TEACH
(no counterpart)
TEAR
tyxaa
TELL
ǀkxʼae(a)
THINK
ǂʼain(ke)
THROW
ǂaqbeke
TIE
ǁʼngke
TOUCH
ǀai (2)
WASH
ǁkxʼam
WIPE
no verbal counterpart
Coding frames
Coding sets
Alternations
Examples
Basic Coding frame
1
V
2
#
Coding set
Argument type
1
Ø
A
2
Ø
P
Verb forms with this basic Coding frame
Verb form
Verb meaning
Microrole 1
Microrole 2
ǁkxʼam
WASH
washer
washed entity
ǂao(-a)
WANT
wanter
wanted thing
hoo (1)
GET
receiver
received thing
ǀai (1)
TAKE
taker
taken thing
ǃxau
CARRY
carrier
carried thing
kxʼuu qain
FRIGHTEN
frightener
frightenee
tsʼaanʼa
LIKE
liker
liked entity
ǁxae(-a)
KNOW
knower
known thing/person
ǁaanʼa
SEARCH FOR
searcher
searched for thing
ǂaasinn
DRESS
dresser
dressee
nǁaa (1)
DRESS
dresser
dressee
hui
HELP
helper
helpee
ǀhunn
FOLLOW
follower
followee
ǂhaun
POUR
pourer
poured substance
ǂanu
COVER
coverer
covered thing
ǂʼaoke
COVER
coverer
covered thing
ǂunn
FILL
filler
filled container
ǁain
CLIMB
climber
climbing goal
soo
SIT
sitter
sitting place
suin (SG), ǃʼhaun (PL)
SIT DOWN
sitdowner
sitting-down place
ǁʼaa
GO
goer
going goal
xuu
LEAVE
leaver
left place/person
nǁaa (2)
LIVE
liver
living place
ǀʼhoa
LIVE
liver
living place
ǂʼhubi
BURN (tr)
burner (tr)
burnt thing (tr)
kxʼuu
BUILD
builder
built thing
kxʼuu
MAKE
maker
made thing
ǁhaa
BREAK
breaker
broken thing
ǀhaa
KILL
killer
killee
ǀkxʼaike
BEAT
beater
beatee
ǀkxʼaike
HIT
hitter
hittee
ǂamʼa
BEAT
beater
beatee
ǂamʼa
HIT
hitter
hittee
ain
EAT
eater
eaten food
ǂaqe
LOOK AT
looker
looked at entity
nǀai
SEE
seeer
seen entity
ǃqhao
SMELL
smeller
smelled entity
ǀaa
CUT
cutter
cut thing
ǁʼau
DIG
digger
dug up thing
ǂxaqake
SEARCH FOR
searcher
searched for thing
ǂxaqake
WANT
wanter
wanted thing
ǃxama
COOK
cooker
cooked food
tyuu
HEAR
hearer
heard sound
gaake
STEAL
stealer
stolen thing
ǂʼhaqa
PUSH
pusher
pushee
ǂxaike
GRIND
grinder
ground thing
tyxaa
TEAR
tearer
torn thing
ǀʼhoo ǁhoo
HIDE
hider
hidden thing
hoo (2)
MEET
meeter
met person