Examples of Mandarin Chinese
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) 我吃了饭。 Wǒ chī le fàn. wo 1SG chi-le eat-PERF fan meal ‘I ate my meal. / I had my meal.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
1 |
(2) 敌人饿了他三天。 Dírén èle tā sāntiān. diren enemy e-le hungry-PERF ta 3SG san-tian three-day ‘The enemy starved him for three days.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
2 |
(3) 儿子拥抱妈妈。 Érzi yōngbào māma. erzi son yongbao hug mama Mom ‘The son hugs his Mom.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
3 |
(4) 我们造好了车子。 Wǒmen zàohǎo le chēzi. women 1PL zao-hao-le make-finished-PERF chezi car ‘We have made the car.’ |
★ | MAKE | the Verb form zào | 4 |
(5) 老王上周死了。 Lǎo Wáng shàngzhōu sǐ le. Lao Lao Wang Wang shang-zhou last-week si-le die-PERF ‘Old Wang died last week.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
5 |
(6) 我们把车造出来了。 Wǒmen bǎ chē zào chūlái le. women 1PL ba BA che car zao-chulai-le make-come.out-PERF ‘We have made the car.’ |
★ | MAKE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
6 |
(7) 我在看那幅画。 Wǒ zài kàn nàfú huà. wo 1SG zai PRES kan look.at na-fu that-CL hua picture ‘I am looking at that picture.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
7 |
(8) 我打断了棍子。 Wǒ dǎduàn le gùnzi. wo 1SG daduan-le break-PERF gunzi stick ‘I broke the stick.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
8 |
(9) 我自己洗衣服。 Wǒ zìjǐ xǐ yīfú. wo 1SG ziji self xi wash yifu clothes ‘I wash my clothes myself.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
9 |
(10) 我把棍子打断了。 Wǒ bǎ gùnzi dǎduàn le. wo 1SG ba BA gunzi stick daduan-le break-PERF ‘I broke the stick.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
10 |
(11) 他的船昨天沉了。 Tāde chuán zuótiān chén le. ta-de 3SG-POSS chuan boat zuotian yesterday chen-le sink-PERF ‘His boat sank yesterday.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
11 |
(12) 我们建好了房子。 Wǒmen jiànhǎo le fángzi. women 1PL jian-hao-le build-finished-PERF fangzi house ‘We have built a house.’ |
★ | BUILD | the Verb form jiàn(zào) | 12 |
(13) 孩子撕了一本书。 Háizi sī le yīběn shū. haizi kid si-le tear-PERF yi-ben one-CL shu book ‘The kid tore a book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
13 |
(14) 我们把房子建好了。 Wǒmen bǎ fángzi jiànhǎo le. women 1PL ba BA fangzi house jian-hao-le build-finished-PERF ‘We have built the house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
14 |
(15) 妹妹怕老鼠。 Mèimei pà lǎoshǔ. meimei younger.sister pa fear laoshu rat ‘My younger sister fears rats.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
15 |
(16) 我看见了一头牛。 Wǒ kànjiànle yītóu níu. wo 1SG kanjian-le see-PERF yi-tou one-CL niu cow ‘I saw a cow.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
16 |
(17) 妈妈告诉我一件事。 Māma gàosù wǒ yījiàn shì. mama Mom gaosu tell wo 1SG yi-jian one-CL shi matter ‘Mom told me something.’ |
★ | TELL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 > 3 |
17 |
(18) 爷爷教了我两门手艺。 Yéye jiāo le wǒ liǎngmén shǒuyì. yeye grandpa jiao-le teach-PERF wo 1SG liang-men two-CL shouyi skill ‘Grandpa taught me two skills.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 > 3 |
18 |
(19) 不一会儿,老虎出现了。 Bùyīhuìer,lǎohǔ chūxiàn le. buyihuier after.a.while laohu tiger chuxian appear le PERF ‘After a while, the tiger appeared.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
19 |
(20) 姐姐闻到了花香。 Jiějie wéndàole huāxiāng. jiejie elder.sister wen-dao-le smell-COM-PERF hua-xiang flower-fragrance ‘My elder sister smelled fragrance of flower.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
20 |
(21) 我在想一个问题。 Wǒ zài xiǎng yīgè wèntí. wo 1SG zai PRES xiang think yi-ge one-CL wenti problem ‘I am thinking about a problem.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
21 |
(22) 晓明问他妈妈要一些钱。 Xiǎomíng wèn tā māma yào yīxiē qián. Xiaoming Xiaoming wen PREP ta 3SG mama Mom yao ask.for yixie some qian money ‘Xiaoming asked his Mom for some money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1 > (PREP+2 > ) V > 3 |
22 |
(23) 小王今天生病了。 Xiǎo Wáng jīntiān shēngbìng le. Xiao Xiao Wang Wang jintian today shengbing-le be.ill-PERF ‘Little Wang is ill today.’ |
★ | BE ILL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
23 |
(24) 地干了。 Dì gān le. di ground gan-le dry-PERF ‘The ground (has) dried.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
24 |
(25) 老王很悲伤。 Lǎo wáng hěn bēishāng. Lao Lao Wang Wang hen very beishang sad ‘Old Wang is very sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
25 |
(26) 我饿了。 wǒ è le. wo 1SG e-le hungry-PERF ‘I am hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
26 |
(27) 弟弟在拍打我的房门。 Dìdi zài pāidǎ wǒde fángmén. didi younger.brother zai PRES paida beat wode my fang-men room-door ‘My younger brother is beating the door of my room.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
27 |
(28) 小李朝我眨眼睛。 Xiǎo Lì cháo wǒ zhǎyǎnjing. Xiao Xiao Li Li chao PREP wo 1SG zhayanjing blink.eye ‘Little Li blinked at me.’ |
★ | WINK |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
28 |
(29) 水开了。 Shuǐ kāi le. shui water kai-le boil-PRES ‘The water is boiling.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
29 |
(30) 他们能造汽车。 Tāmen néng zào qìchē. tamen 3PL neng can zao make qiche car ‘They can make cars.’ |
★ | MAKE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
30 |
(31) 你们可以触摸屏幕。 Nǐmen kěyǐ chùmō píngmù. nimen 2PL keyi can chumo touch pingmu screen ‘You can touch the screen.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
31 |
(32) 爸爸打断了棍子。 Bàba dǎduàn le gùnzǐ. baba Dad daduan-le break-PERF gunzi stick ‘Dad broke the stick.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
32 |
(33) 爷爷在咳嗽。 Yéye zài késòu. yeye grandpa zai PRES kesou cough ‘Grandpa is coughing.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
33 |
(34) 房子还在燃烧。 Fángzi hái zài ránshāo. fangzi house hai still zai PRES ranshao burn ‘The house is still burning.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
34 |
(35) 同学们正在爬山。 Tóngxuémen zhèng zài páshān. tongxue-men classmate-PL zheng right.now zai PRES pa climb shan mountain ‘The classmates are climbing the mountain.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
35 |
(36) 爷爷给小明带来了一只小白兔。 Yéye gěi Xiǎomíng dàilái le yīzhī xiǎo báitù. yeye grandpa gei to Xiaoming Xiaoming dailai bring le PERF yi-zhi one-CL xiao little bai-tu white-rabbit ‘Grandpa brought a little white rabbit to Little Ming.’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1 > (gěi+2 > ) V 3 |
36 |
(37) 妹妹在哭。 Mèimei zài kū. meimei younger.sister zai PRES ku cry ‘My younger sister is crying.’ |
★ | CRY |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
37 |
(38) 我感到疼。 Wǒ gǎndào téng. wo 1SG gandao feel teng pain ‘I feel painful.’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
38 |
(39) 他常常吓我。 Tā chángcháng xià wǒ. ta 3SG changchang often xia frighten wo 1SG ‘He often frightens me.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
39 |
(40) 我给了她一些钱。 Wǒ gěi le tā yīxiē qián. wo 1SG gei-le give-PERF ta 3SG yixie some qian money ‘I gave her some money.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 > 3 |
40 |
(41) 他用棍子打我。 Tā yòng gùnzi dǎ wǒ. ta 3SG yong use gunzi stick da hit wo 1SG ‘He hit me with a stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
41 |
(42) 武松杀了一只老虎。 Wǔ Sōng shā le yīzhī lǎohǔ. Wu Wu Song Song sha-le kill-PERF yi-zhi one-CL laohu tiger ‘Wu Song killed a tiger.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
42 |
(43) 我知道你的名字。 Wǒ zhīdào nǐde míngzì. wo 1SG zhidao know nide your mingzi name ‘I know your name.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
43 |
(44) 孩子在笑。 Háizi zài xiào. haizi kid zai PRES xiao laugh ‘The kid is laughing.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
44 |
(45) 工人们在建造桥梁。 Gōngrénmen zài jiànzào qiáoliáng. gongren-men worker-PL zai PRES jianzao build qiaoliang bridge ‘The workers are building a bridge.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
45 |
(46) 警察可以携带枪支。 Jǐngchá kěyǐ xiédài qiāngzhī. jingcha policeman keyi may xiedai carry qiangzhi gun ‘Policemen may carry guns.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
46 |
(47) 你平时自己煮饭吗? Nǐ píngshí zìjǐ zhǔ fàn ma? ni 2SG pingshi in.normal.times ziji self zhu cook fan meal ma Q ‘Do you ordinarily cook meals yourself?’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
47 |
(48) 奶奶在挖土豆。 Nǎinai zài wā tǔdòu. nainai grandma zai PRES wa dig tudou potato ‘Grandma is digging for potatoes.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
48 |
(49) 叶子落了。 Yèzǐ luò le. yezi leaf luo-le fall-PERF ‘The leaves fell.’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
49 |
(50) 我感到冷。 Wǒ gǎndào lěng. wo 1SG gandao feel leng cold ‘I feel cold.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
50 |
(51) 小男孩跟着他父亲。 Xiǎo nánhái gēnzhe tā fùqin. xiao little nan-hai male-child genzhe follow ta 3SG fuqin father ‘The little boy followed his father.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
51 |
(52) 舅舅用石碾磨黄豆。 Jiùjiu yòng shíniǎn mò huángdòu. jiujiu uncle yong use shinian stone.mill mo grind huangdou soybean ‘Uncle ground the soybeans with a stone mill.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
52 |
(53) 你应该帮助他。 Nǐ yīnggāi bāngzhù tā. ni 2SG yinggai should bangzhu help ta 3SG ‘You should help him.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
53 |
(54) 他在操场上跳。 Tā zài cāochǎngshàng tiào. ta 3SG zai PREP caochang-shang playground-top tiao jump ‘He jumps on the playground. / He is jumping on the playground.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
54 |
(55) 你在藏什么? Nǐ zài cáng shénme? ni 2SG zai PRES cang hide shenme what ‘What are you hiding?’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
55 |
(56) 我下个月离开北京(去深圳)。 Wǒ xiàgè yuè líkāi Běijīng (qù Shēnzhèn). wo 1SG xia-ge next-CL yue month likai leave Beijing Beijing (qu (go.to Shenzhen) Shenzhen) ‘I will leave Beijing (for Shenzhen) next month.’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
56 |
(57) 我喜欢上海。 Wǒ xǐhuān Shànghǎi. wo 1SG xihuan like Shanghai Shanghai ‘I like Shanghai.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
57 |
(58) 爷爷居住在上海。 Yéye jūzhù zài Shànghǎi. yeye grandpa juzhu live zai PREP Shanghai Shanghai ‘Grandpa lives in Shanghai.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > zài+2 |
58 |
(59) 工人们往卡车上装干草。 Gōngrén men wǎng kǎchē shàng zhuāng gàncǎo. gongren-men worker-PL wang PREP kache-shang truck-LOC zhuang load gancao hay ‘The workers loaded hay onto the truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1 > (LOC2 > ) V > 3 |
59 |
(60) 昨天我在机场碰见了小丽。 Zuótiān wǒ zài jīchǎng pèngjiàn le Xiǎo Lì. zuotian yesterday wo 1SG zai PREP jichang airport pengjian meet le PERF Xiao Xiao Li Li ‘I met Xiao Li yesterday at the airport.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1 > (LOC2 > ) V > 3 |
60 |
(61) 请给我削两个苹果。 Qǐng gěi wǒ xiāo liǎnggè píngguǒ. qing please gei for wo 1SG xiao peel liang-ge two-CL pingguo apple ‘Please peel two apples for me.’ |
★ | PEEL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
61 |
(62) 弟弟在操场上玩(皮球)。 Dìdi zài cāochǎng shàng wán (pí qiú). didi younger.brother zai PREP caochang-shang playground-LOC wan play (piqiu) (ball) ‘My younger brother is playing (ball) on the playground.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
62 |
(63) 我们把马拴在拴桩上。 Wǒmen bǎ mǎ shuān zài shuānzhuāng shàng. women 1PL ba BA ma horse shuan tie zai PREP shuanzhuang-shang hitching.post-LOC ‘We tied the horses to the hitching posts.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1 > ba+2 > V > zài+3-loc |
63 |
(64) 他把那本书放在书架上了。 Tā bǎ nà běn shū fàng zài shūjià shàng le. ta 3SG ba BEI na-ben that-CL shu book fang put zai PREP shujia-shang bookshelf-LOC le PERF ‘He put that book on the bookshelf.’ |
★ | PUT |
a Coding frame:
1 > ba+2 > V > zài+3-loc |
64 |
(65) 奶奶坐在沙发上。 Nǎinai zuò zài shāfā shàng. nainai grandma zuo sit zai PREP shafa-shang sofa-LOC ‘Grandma sat on the sofa.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > zài+2 |
65 |
(66) 他(在我身边)坐下。 Tā (zài wǒ shēnbiān) zuòxià. ta 3SG (zai (PREP wo 1SG shenbian) side) zuoxia sit.down ‘He sat down (at my side).’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
a Coding frame:
1 > (zài+2 > ) V |
66 |
(67) 球在地上滚。 Qiú zài dìshàng gǔn. qiu ball zai PREP di-shang ground-LOC gun roll ‘The ball is rolling on the ground.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1 > (zài+2 > ) V |
67 |
(68) 他偷了老李的三头牛。 Tā tōu le Lǎo Lǐ de sāntóu niú. ta 3SG tou-le steal-PERF Lao Lao Li Li de POSS san-tou three-CL niu cow ‘He stole three cows from Lao Li. / He stole Lao Li's three cows.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
68 |
(69) 下雨了。 Xià yǔ le. xiayu rain le PRES ‘It is raining.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
V |
69 |
(70) 老刘(从老板哪儿)得到了一袋米。 Lǎo Liú (cóng lǎobǎn nǎér) dédào le yīdài mǐ . Lao old Liu Liu (cong (from laoban boss naer) there) dedao-le get-PERF yi-dai one-CL mi rice ‘Old Liu got a bag of rice (from his boss).’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
1 > (cóng+2 > ) V > 3 |
70 |
(71) 哥哥对妈妈说:“我也想去”。 Gēge duì māma shuō :“wǒ yě xiǎng qù”. gege elder.brother dui to mama Mom shuo say wo 1SG ye also xiang want qu go ‘My elder brother said to Mom, "I want to go, too".’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1 > (duì+2 > ) V > UTT3 |
71 |
(72) 刘老师跟李老师在谈话。 Liú lǎoshī gēn Lǐ lǎoshī zài tánhuà. Liu Liu laoshi Mr gen and Li Li laoshi Mr zai PRES tanhua talk ‘Mr Liu and Mr Li are talking.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1 > PREP+2 > V |
72 |
(73) 小马在跑。 Xiǎo mǎ zài pǎo. Xiao Xiao Ma Ma zai PRES pao run ‘Xiao Ma is running.’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
73 |
(74) 她擦去了桌子上的字。 Tā cāqù le zhuōzǐshàng de zì. ta 3SG caqu-le wipe-PERF zhuozi table shang LOC de POSS zi words ‘She wiped the words off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
74 |
(75) 同学们大声歌唱。 Tóngxuémen dàshēng gēchàng. tongxue-men classmate-PL dasheng loudly gechang sing ‘The classmates sang loudly.’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
75 |
(76) 画家(向我们)展示他的作品。 Huàjiā (xiàng wǒmen) zhǎnshì tā de zuòpǐn. huajia painter (xiang (to women) 1PL) zhanshi show ta-de 3SG-POSS zuopin painting ‘The painter is showing his paintings (to us).’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1 > (PREP+2 > ) V > 3 |
76 |
(77) 我昨天给他发了一封电子邮件。 Wǒ zuótiān gěi tā fā le yīfēng diànzǐyóujiàn. wo 1SG zuotian yesterday gei to ta 3SG fa-le send-PERF yi-feng one-CL dianziyoujian email ‘I sent an email to him yesterday.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1 > (gěi+2 > ) V 3 |
77 |
(78) 小姑娘又在尖叫。 Xiǎo gūniang yòu zài jiānjiào. xiao-guniang little-girl you again zai PRES jianjiao scream ‘The little girl is screaming again.’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
78 |
(79) 军舰被命名为武汉号。 Jūnjiàn bèi mìngmíng wéi Wǔhànhào. junjian warship bei BEI mingming name wei be Wuhanhao Wuhanhao ‘The warship is named Wuhanhao.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
79 |
(80) 爸爸在刮胡子。 Bàba zài guā húzi. baba Dad zai PRES gua shave huzi beard ‘Dad is shaving his beard.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
80 |
(81) 我用水装满了水桶。 Wǒ yòng shuǐ zhuāngmǎn le shuǐtǒng. wo 1SG yong use shui water zhuangman-le fill-PERF shuitong pail ‘I filled the pail with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
81 |
(82) 房子被他们烧了。 *Fángzi bèi tāmen shāo le. *fangzi house bei BEI tamen they shao-le burn-PERF ‘The house was burnt by them.’ |
★ | BURN |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
82 |
(83) 我把饭煮好了。 Wǒ bǎ fàn zhǔ hǎo le. wo 1SG ba BA fan rice zhu-hao-le cook-ready-CRS ‘I have cooked the rice.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
83 |
(84) 我切了肉。 Wǒ qiē le ròu. wo 1SG qie-le cut-PERF rou meat ‘I cut the meat.’ |
★ | CUT | the Verb form qiē | 84 |
(85) 我把肉切了。 Wǒ bǎ ròu qiē le. wo 1SG ba BA rou meat qie-le cut-PERF ‘I have cut the meat.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
85 |
(86) 他们把那座老坟挖了。 Tāmen bǎ nàzuò lǎofén wā le. tamen 3PL ba BA na-zuo that-CL laofen old.tomb wa-le dig-PERF ‘They have dug up that old tomb.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
86 |
(87) 我看见了那个老虎。 Wǒ kànjiàn-le nèige lǎohǔ. wo 1SG kanjian-le see-PERF neige that laohu tiger ‘I saw that tiger.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
87 |
(88) 他是(一)个猎人。 Tā shì (yī)gè lièrén. ta 3SG shi be (yi-)ge (one-)CL lieren hunter ‘He is a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
1 > V |
88 |
(89) 婴儿的脚被我拍打了几下。 Yīngér de jiǎo bèi wǒ pāidǎ le jǐxià. yinger-de baby-POSS jiao foot bei BEI wo 1SG paida-le beat-PERF jixia several.times ‘The baby's foot was beaten several times by me.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
89 |
(90) 屏幕被人触摸过。 Píngmù bèi rén chùmō guò. pingmu screen bei BEI ren somebody chumo-guo touch-PERF ‘The screen has been touched (by somebody).’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
90 |
(91) 桥已经被建好了。 Qiáo yǐjīng bèi jiànhǎo le. qiao bridge yijing already bei BEI jian-hao-le build-ready-PERF ‘The bridge has been built already.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
91 |
(92) 我用刀切肉。 Wǒ yòng dāo qiē ròu. wo 1SG yong use dao knife qie cut rou meat ‘I cut meat with a knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
92 |
(93) 肉已经被老李切了。 Ròu yǐjīng bèi Lǎo Lǐ qiē le. rou meat yijing already bei BEI Lao Old Li Li qie-le cut-PERF ‘The meat has been cut by Old Li.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
93 |
(94) 我去了北京。 Wǒ qù le Běijīng. wo 1SG qu-le go-PERF Beijing Beijing ‘I went (to Beijing).’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
94 |
(95) 那几个字已经被他擦掉了。 Nà jǐgè zì yǐjīng bèi tā cādiào le. na that ji-ge several-CL zi character yijing already bei BEI ta 3SG cadiao-le wipe.off-PERF ‘Those characters have already been wiped off by him.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
95 |
(96) 他总是被一大群人跟着。 Tā zǒngshì bèi yīdàqún rén gēnzhe. ta 3SG zongshi always bei PASS yi-da-qun one-large-crowd ren people gen-zhe follow-APPL ‘He is always followed by a large crowd of people.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
96 |
(97) 我听见了枪声。 Wǒ tīngjiàn le qiāngshēng. wo 1SG tingjian-le hear-PERF qiangsheng gunshot ‘I heard the gunshot.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
97 |
(98) 原子弹被他们造出来了。 Yuánzǐdàn bèi tāmen zào chūlái le. yuanzidan atomic.bomb bei BEI tamen 3PL zao-chulai-le make-out-PERF ‘An A-bomb has been made by them.’ |
★ | MAKE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
98 |
(99) 他在盖桌子。 Tā zài gài zhuōzi ta 3SG zai PRES gai cover zhuozi table ‘He is covering the table.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
99 |
(100) 你去把桌子盖起来。 Nǐ qù bǎ zhuōzi gàiqǐlái. ni 2SG qu go ba BA zhuozi table gai-qilai cover-APPL ‘Please cover the table.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
100 |
(101) 桌子已经被他盖起来了。 Zhuōzi yǐjīng bèi tā gài qǐlái le. zhuozi table yijing already bei BEI ta 3SG gai-qilai cover-APPL le PERF ‘The table has been covered by him.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
101 |
(102) 老师在推一个箱子。 Lǎo shī zài tuī yīgè xiāngzǐ. laoshi teacher zai PRES tui push yi-ge one-CL xiangzi box ‘The teacher is pushing a box.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
102 |
(103) 苹果已经被他削了(皮)。 Píngguǒ yǐjīng bèi tā xiāo le (pí). pingguo apple yijing already bei BEI ta 3SG xiao-le peel-PERF (pi) (skin) ‘The apple has been peeled by him.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
103 |
(104) 妈妈往水桶里倒水。 Māma wǎng shuǐtǒng lǐ dǎoshuǐ. mama Mom wang into shuitong-li pail-inside dao pour shui water ‘Mom poured water into the pail.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1 > (PREP+2 > ) V > 3 |
104 |
(105) 黄豆早已经被舅舅磨好了。 Huángdòu zǎo yǐjīng bèi jiùjiu mòhǎo le. huangdou soybean zao early yijing already bei BEI jiujiu uncle mo-hao-le grind-ready-PERF ‘The soybean has already been ground by my uncle.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
105 |
(106) 嫌疑犯已经被搜寻了多次。 Xiányífàn yǐjīng bèi sōuxún le duōcì. xianyifan suspect yijing already bei BEI souxun-le search.for-PERF duo-ci many-time ‘The suspect has been searched for for many times.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
106 |
(107) 他把票撕了。 Tā bǎ piào sī le. ta 3SG ba BA piao ticket si-le tear-PERF ‘He tore the ticket.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
107 |
(108) 他正在穿衣服。 Tā zhèngzài chuān yīfu. tā 3SG zhèngzài now.PRES chuān put.on yīfu clothes ‘He is putting on his clothes. / He is dressing himself.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
N/A |
108 |
(109) 幸好你没有被别人看见。 Xìnghǎo nǐ méiyǒu bèi biéren kànjiàn. xinghao luckily ni 2SG meiyou not bei BEI bie-ren other-people kanjian see ‘Luckily, you were not seen by other people.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
109 |
(110) 小狗跑进来把整个房间闻了一遍。 Xiǎogǒu pǎojìnlái bǎ zhěnggè fángjiān wénle yībiàn. xiaogou little.dog pao-jinlai run-in ba BA zhengge whole fangjian room wen-le smell-PERF yi-bian one-CL ‘The little dog ran in and smelled the whole room once.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
110 |
(111) 我刚进房间就被小狗上上下下闻了一遍。 Wǒ gāng jìn fángjiān jìu bèi xiǎogǒu shàngshàngxiàxià wénle yībiàn. wo 1SG gang just jin enter fangjian room jiu right bei BEI xiaogou little.dog shangshangxiaxia thoroughly wen-le smell-PERF yi-bian one-CL ‘Right after I entered the room the little dog thoroughly smelled me once.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
111 |
(112) 这种香水闻起来让我头晕。 Zhèzhǒng xiāngshuǐ wénqǐlái ràng wǒ tóuyūn. zhe-zhong this-type xiangshui perfume wen-qilai smell-APPL rang make wo 1SG touyun dizzy ‘This type of perfume smells in such a way that it makes me feel dizzy.’ |
★ | SMELL |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
112 |
(113) 你把这个问题想复杂了。 Nǐ bǎ zhège wèntí xiǎng fùzá le. ni 2SG ba BA zhe-ge this-CL wenti problem xiang-fuza-le think-complicated-PERF ‘You have taken the problem in a complicated way. / You thought about the problem in such a way that it is made too complicated.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
113 |
(114) 这个问题被你想复杂了。 Zhège wèntí bèi nǐ xiǎng fùzá le. zhe-ge this-CL wenti problem bei BEI ni 2SG xiang-fuza-le think-complicated-PERF ‘The problem has been thought about in a complcated way. / You have thought about the problem in such a way that it is made two complicated.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
114 |
(115) 这种数学问题想着让人头疼。 Zhèzhǒng shùxué wèntí xiǎngzhe ràng rén tóu téng. zhe-zhong this-CL shuxue maths wenti problem xiang-zhe think-APPL rang make ren one tou head teng ache ‘It is a headache for one to think about this kind of maths problem. / This kind of maths problem is so hard to think about that it causes headache to people.’ |
★ | THINK |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
115 |
(116) 我去把它要回来。 Wǒ qù bǎ tā yào huílái. wo 1SG qu go ba BA ta 3SG yao ask.for huilai come.back ‘I will ask for it and get it back.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
116 |
(117) 房子已经被她妈妈要回来了。 Fángzi yǐjīng bèi tā māma yào huíláile. fangzi house yijing already bei PASS ta 3SG mama Mom yao ask.for huilai come.back le PERF ‘The house has been asked for and taken back by his Mom.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
117 |
(118) 爷爷要了公司两间房。 Yéye yàole gōngsī liǎngjiān fáng. yeye grandpa yao-le ask.for-PERF gongsi company liang-jian two-CL fang room ‘Grandpa has asked for two rooms from the company.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
118 |
(119) 像这种东西要起来可不容易。 Xiàng zhèzhǒng dōngxī yàoqǐlái kě bùróngyì. xiang like zhe-zhong this-kind dongxi thing yao-qilai ask.for-APPL ke very burongyi uneasy ‘It is very hard to ask for this kind of things.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
119 |
(120) 一只老虎出现在村子里。 Yīzhī lǎohǔ chūxiàn zài cūnzi lǐ. yi-zhi one-CL laohu tiger chuxian appear zai in cunzi-li village-inside ‘A tiger appeared in the village.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
120 |
(121) 他饿了三天。 Tā èle sāntiān. ta 3SG e-le hungry-PERF san-tian three-day ‘He remained hungry for three days. / He didn't eat anything for three days.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
121 |
(122) *敌人把他饿了。 *Díren bǎ tā èle. diren enemy ba BA ta 3SG e-le hungry-PERF ‘Lit. The enemy made him hungry. / The enemy starved him.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
122 |
(123) *他被敌人饿了。 *Tā bèi díren èle. ta 3SG bei PASS diren enemy e-le hungry-PERF ‘He was starved by the enemy.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
123 |
(124) 病人把自己的背部拍打坏了。 Bìngren bǎ zìjǐ de bèibù pāidǎ huài le. bingren patient ba BA ziji self de DE beibu back paida beat huai-le broken-PERF ‘The patient beat his back in such a way that something has gone wrong with his back. / The patient hurt his own back by beating it in the wrong way.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
124 |
(125) 病人的背部被他自己拍打坏了。 Bìngren de bèibù bèi tā zìjǐ pāidǎ huài le. bingren patient de DE beibu back bei BEI ta him ziji self paida beat huai-le wrong-PERF ‘The patient's back was hurt because of his own wrong beating of it.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
125 |
(126) 身体的这个部分拍打起来最麻烦。 Shēntǐ de zhègè bùfen pāidǎ qǐlái zuì máfan. shenti body de DE zhe-ge this-CL bufen part paida-qilai beat-APPL zui most mafan troublesome ‘It is least easy to beat this part of your body. / It is most uneasy to beat this part of human body.’ |
★ | BEAT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
126 |
(127) 这种泥土挖起来很费力气。 Zhèzhǒng nítǔ wāqǐlái hěn fèilìqì. zhe-zhong this-CL nitu soil wa-qilai dig-APPL hen very fei-liqi consume-energy ‘It is very energy-consuming to dig through this kind of soil.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
127 |
(128) 他家的祖坟被人挖了。 Tājiā dê zǔfén bèi rén wā le. ta-jia his-family de DE zu-fen ancestor-tomb bei BEI ren others wa-le dig-PERF ‘His ancestral grave has been dug by someone.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
128 |
(129) 肉已经被我切好了。 Ròu yǐjīng bèi wǒ qiē hǎo le. rou meat yijing already bei PASS wo 1SG qie cut hao ready le PERF ‘I have cut the meat (and made it ready for cooking).’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
129 |
(130) 这把刀切起来很省力。 Zhèbǎ dāo qiēqǐlái hěn shěnglì. zhe-ba this-CL dao knife qie-qilai cut-APPL hen very shengli energy.saving ‘It is energy-saving to cut with this knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
130 |
(131) 我们把水桶装满了水。 Wǒmen bǎ shuǐtǒng zhuāngmǎn le shuǐ. women 1PL ba BA shuitong pail zhuangman-le fill-PERF shui water ‘We filled the pail with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
131 |
(132) 水桶被我们装满了水。 Shuǐtǒng bèi wǒmen zhuāngmǎn le shuǐ. shuitong pail bei BEI women 1PL zhuangman-le load/stuff-PERF shui water ‘The pail was filled with water by us.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
132 |
(133) 水桶装满了水。 Shuǐtǒng zhuāngmǎnle shuǐ. shuitong pail zhuangman-le fill-PERF shui water ‘The pail is filled with water. / The pail is full with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
133 |
(134) 水装满了水桶。 Shuǐ zhuāngmǎnle shuǐtǒng. shui water zhuangman-le fill-PERF shuitong pail ‘The water fills up the pail. / The pail is full of water.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
134 |
(135) 你把那个小孩吓坏了。 Nǐ bǎ nàgè xiǎohái xiàhuài le. ni 2SG ba BA na-ge that-CL xiaohai kid xiahuai-le frighten.broken-PERF ‘You have frightened that kid so much. / That kid was frightened so much by you.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
135 |
(136) 那个小孩被你吓坏了。 Nàgè xiǎohái bèi nǐ xiàhuài le. na-ge that-CL xiaohai kid bei BEI ni 2SG xiahuai-le frighten.broken-PERF ‘That kid was frightened so much by you.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
136 |
(137) 小女孩儿吓唬起来容易得很。 Xiǎo nǚháir xiàhu qǐlái róngyì de hěn. xiao little nüháir girl xiahu-qilai frighten-APPL rongyi easy de APPL hen very ‘It is very easy to frighten a little girl.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
137 |
(138) 我把铅笔给了妈妈。 Wǒ bǎ qiānbǐ gěile māma. wo 1SG ba BA qianbi pencil gei-le give-PERF mama Mom ‘I gave the pencil to Mom.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
138 |
(139) 铅笔被我给了妈妈。 Qiānbǐ bèi wǒ gěile māma. qianbi pencil bei BEI wo 1SG gei-le give-PERF mama Mom ‘The pencil was given to Mom by me.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
139 |
(140) 舅舅把黄豆磨(好)了。 Jìujiu bǎ huángdòu mò(hǎo)le. jiujiu uncle ba BA huangdou soybean mo-hao-le grind-ready-PERF ‘My uncle has ground the soybean.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
140 |
(141) 黄豆被舅舅磨(好)了。 Huángdòu bèi Jìujiu mò(hǎo)le. huangdou soybean bei PASS jiujiu uncle mo-hao-le grind-ready-PERF ‘The soybean has been ground (ready) by my uncle.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
141 |
(142) 这种麦子磨起来容易。 Zhèzhǒng màizi mòqǐlái róngyì. zhe-zhong this-CL maizi wheat mo-qilai grind-APPL rongyi easy ‘This kind of wheat is easy to grind.’ |
★ | GRIND |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
142 |
(143) 你的话被老师听见了。 Nǐde huà bèi lǎoshī tīngjiànle. nide your hua words bei BEI laoshi teacher tingjian-le hear-PERF ‘Your words were beard by the teacher. / What you said was heard by the teacher.’ |
★ | HEAR |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
143 |
(144) 我认为帮助别人和被别人帮助都是一种幸福。 Wǒ rènwéi bāngzhù biéren hé bèi biéren bāngzhù dōu shì yīzhǒng xìngfú. wo 1SG renwei think bangzhu help bieren others he and bei BEI bieren others bangzhu help dou all shi BE yi-zhong one-CL xingfu happiness ‘I think both helping others and being helped by others are a kind of happiness.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
144 |
(145) 镇上还帮助了我们很多大米。 Zhènshàng hái bāngzhùle wǒmen hěnduō dàmǐ. zhenshang town.government hai additionally bangzhu-le help-PERF women 1PL henduo much dami rice ‘The local township government also helped us by giving us much rice.’ |
★ | HELP |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
145 |
(146) 你把钱藏好。 Nǐ bǎ qián cáng hǎo. ni 2SG ba BA qian money cang-hao hide-well ‘Hide the money in a safe place.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
146 |
(147) 球被妈妈藏起来了。 Qíu bèi māma cángqǐlái le. qiu ball bei BEI mama Mom cang-qilai-le hide-APPL-PERF ‘The ball has been hidden up by Mom.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
147 |
(148) 球藏柜子里。 Qíu cáng guìzi lǐ. qiu ball cang hide guizi-li cupboard-inside ‘The ball is hidden in the cupboard.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
148 |
(149) 柜子里球藏。 Guìzilǐ cáng qíu. guizi-li cupboard-inside cang hide qiu ball ‘The ball is hidden in the cupboard. / The cupboard is for hiding balls.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
149 |
(150) 哥哥把弟弟打了。 Gēge bǎ dìdi dǎ le. gege elder.brother ba BA didi younger.brother da-le hit-PERF ‘The elder brother hit the younger brother.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
150 |
(151) 哥哥被弟弟打了。 Gēge bèi dìdi dǎ le. gege elder.brother bei BEI didi younger.brother da-le hit-PERF ‘The elder brother was hit by the younger brother.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
151 |
(152) 这样的棍子打起来不顺手。 Zhèyàng de gùnzi dǎqǐlái bú shùnshǒu. zheyang this.kind de DE gunzi stick da-qilai hit-APPL bu not shunshou comfortable ‘It is not comfortable when hitting with this kind of stick. / It is not comfortable when one hits with this kind of stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
152 |
(153) 武松把老虎杀了。 Wǔ Sōng bǎ lǎohǔ shā le. Wu Wu Song Song ba BA laohu tiger sha-le kill-PERF ‘Wu Song killed the tiger.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
153 |
(154) 老虎被武松杀了。 Lǎohǔ bèi Wǔ Sōng shāle. Laohu tiger bei BEI Wu Wu Song Song sha-le kill-PERF ‘The tiger was killed by Wu Song.’ |
★ | KILL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
154 |
(155) 那件事情最后被老师知道了。 Nàjiàn shìqing zuìhòu bèi lǎoshī zhīdào le. na-jian that-CL shiqing matter zuihou finally bei BEI laoshi teacher zhidao-le know-PERF ‘The teacher finally knew it.’ |
★ | KNOW |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
155 |
(156) 被人喜欢是一件幸福的事情。 Bèi rén xǐhuān shì yījiàn xìngfú de shìqing. bei BEI ren others xihuan like shi be yi-jian one-CL xingfu happy de DE shiqing matter ‘For one to be liked by others is something happy. / It is something happy for one to be liked by others.’ |
★ | LIKE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
156 |
(157) 森林里住一个老奶奶。 Sēnlínlǐ zhù yīgè lǎo nǎinai. senlin-li forest-inside zhu live yi-ge one-CL lao old nainai granny ‘In the forest lives an old granny.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
157 |
(158) 一个老奶奶住森林里。 Yīgè lǎo nǎinai zhù sēnlínlǐ. yi-ge one-CL lao old nainai granny zhu live senlin-li forest-inside ‘An old granny lives in the forest.’ |
★ | LIVE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
158 |
(159) 把干草装上车。 Bǎ gāncǎo zhuāng shàng chē. ba BA gancao hay zhuang load shang onto che truck ‘Load the hay onto the truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
159 |
(160) 车子被装满了干草。 Chēzi bèi zhuāngshàng le gāncǎo. chezi truck bei BEI zhuang-shang-le load-onto-PERF gancao hay ‘The truck was loaded with hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
160 |
(161) 干草被装上了车子。 Gāncǎo bèi zhuāngshàng le chēzi. gancao hay bei BEI zhuang-shang-le load-onto-PERF chezi truck ‘The hay was loaded onto the truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
161 |
(162) 车上装干草。 Chēshàng zhuāng gāncǎo. che-shang truck-top zhuang load gancao hay ‘The truck is loaded with hay. / The truck is for loading hay.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
162 |
(163) 干草装车上。 Gāncǎo zhuāng chēshàng. gancao hay zhuang load che-shang truck-top ‘The hay is to be loaded onto the truck. / The hay is loaded on the truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
163 |
(164) 这种货物装起来很麻烦。 Zhèzhǒng huòwu zhuāngqǐlái hěn máfan. zhe-zhong this-kind huowu goods zhuang-qilai load-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘It is very uneasy to load this kind of goods.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
164 |
(165) 昨天我俩逛公园的时候被她舅妈碰见了。 Zuótiān wǒliǎ guàng gōngyuán de shíhou bèi tā jìumā pèngjiàn le. zuotian yesterday wolia we.two guang-gongyuan walking-park de DE shihou time bei BEI ta 3SG jiuma aunt pengjian-le meet-PERF ‘Her aunt met us when we two were having a walk in the park yesterday.’ |
★ | MEET |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
165 |
(166) 黄瓜皮已经被她削了。 Huángguā pí yǐjīng bèi tā xiāo le. huanggua-pi cucumber-skin yijing already bei BEI ta 3SG xiao-le peel-PERF ‘The cucumber has been peeled by him.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
166 |
(167) 这把刨子削起来很顺手。 Zhèbǎ páozi xiāo qǐlái hěn shùnshǒu. zhe-ba this-CL paozi peeler xiao-qilai peel-APPL hen very shunshou smooth ‘This peelers peels easily.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
167 |
(168) 这种黄瓜削起来很不容易。 Zhèzhǒng huángguā xiāo qǐlái hěn bùróngyì. zhe-zhong this-kind huanggua cucumber xiao-qilai peel-APPL hen very bu not rongyi easy ‘It is very hard to peel this kind of cucumber.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
168 |
(169) 泰迪熊被弟弟玩坏了。 Tàidíxióng bèi dìdi wán huài le. taidixiong teddy.bear bei BEI didi younger.brother wan play huai-le broken-PERF ‘The teddy bear was made broken by my younger brother who played with it.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
169 |
(170) 这种的玩具玩起来很费劲。 Zhèzhǒng wánjù wán qǐlái hěn fèijìn. zhe-zhong this-kind wanju toy wan-qilai play-APPL hen very feijin effort.demanding ‘It is a big trouble playing with this kind of toy.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
170 |
(171) 我把水倒进碗里。 Wǒ bǎ shuǐ dào jìn wǎn lǐ. wo 1SG ba BA shui water dao-jin pour-into wan-li bowl-inside ‘I poured water into the bowl.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
171 |
(172) 水被我倒进碗里了。 Shuǐ bèi wǒ dào jìn wǎn lǐ le. shui water bei BEI wo 1SG dao-jin pour-into wan-li-le bowl-inside-PERF ‘The water has been poured into the bowl by me.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
172 |
(173) 用这种罐子倒水,倒起来很麻烦。 Yòng zhèzhǒng guànzi dào shuǐ, dào qǐlái hěn máfan. yong use zhe-zhong this-kind guanzi jar dao pour shui water dao-qilai pour-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘It is a big trouble pouring water from this kind of jar. / It is a big trouble pouring water into this kind of jar.’ |
★ | POUR |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
173 |
(174) 桌子被爸爸推到了一边。 Zhuōzi bèi bàba tuīdàole yībiān. zhuozi table bei BEI baba Dad tui-dao-le push-to-PERF yibian other.side ‘The table was pushed aside by Dad.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
174 |
(175) 大箱子推着很沉。 Dà xiāngzi tuīzhe hěn chén. da big xiangzi case tui-zhe push-APPL hen very chen heavy ‘The big case is heavy to push.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
175 |
(176) 书被放在桌上。 Shū bèi fàng zài zhuō shàng. shu book bei BEI fang-zai put-on zhuo-shang desk-top ‘The book was put on the desk.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
176 |
(177) 桌上放(着)书。 Zhuōshàng fàng(zhe) shū. zhuo-shang desk-top fang(-zhe) put(-DUR) shu book ‘The book is put on the desk.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
177 |
(178) 这种花瓶好看,但是放起来很麻烦。 Zhèzhǒng huāpíng hǎokàn, dànshì fàngqǐlái hěn máfan. zhe-zhong this-kind huaping vase haokan nice.looking danshi but fang-qilai put-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘This kind of vase is nicelooking, but it is very difficul to put it (in a safe and steady place).’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
178 |
(179) 项链最后还是被房东得到了。 Xiàngliàn zuìhòu háishì bèi fángdōng dédào le. xianglian necklace zuihou finally haishi still bei BEI fangdong landlord dedao-le get-PERF ‘The necklace finally was landed by the landlord. / The landlord got the necklace finally.’ |
★ | GET |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
179 |
(180) 弟弟在滚球。 Dìdi zài gǔn qíu. didi younger.brother zai PRES gun roll qiu ball ‘My younger brother is rolling the ball.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
180 |
(181) 球在滚。 Qíu zài gǔn. qiu ball zai PRES gun roll ‘The ball is rolling.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
181 |
(182) 这个大油桶滚起来很费力。 Zhègè dà yóutǒng gǔn qǐlái hěn fèilì. zhe-ge this-CL da big youtong oil.tank gun-qilai roll-APPL hen very feili effort.demanding ‘This big oil tank is very hard to roll.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
182 |
(183) 汉语的绕口令说起来最麻烦。 Hànyǔ de ràokǒulìng shuō qǐlái zuì máfan. hanyu chinese de DE raokouling tongue.twister shuo-qilai say-APPL zui most mafan troublesome ‘Chinese tongue twisters are most difficult to say.’ |
★ | SAY |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
183 |
(184) 一个孩子,在茫茫人海当中搜寻起来是很困难的。 Yīgè háizi, zài mángmángrénhǎi dāngzhōng sōuxún qǐlái shì hěn kùnnán de. yi-ge one-CL haizi, kid, zai in mangmangrenhai huge.crowd dangzhong within souxun-qilai search-APPL shi be hen very kunnan difficult de DE ‘It is very difficult to search for such a kid from within such a huge crowd.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
184 |
(185) 警察在大路上搜寻嫌疑犯。 Jǐngchá zài dàlù shàng sōuxún xiányífàn. jingcha police zai PRES da big lu road shang top souxun search.for xianyifan suspect ‘The police are searching for the suspect on the big road.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR | the Verb form sōuxún | 185 |
(186) 我已经把信发了。 Wǒ yǐjīng bǎ xìn fā le. wo 1SG yijing already ba BA xin letter fa-le send-PERF ‘I have already sent the letter.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
186 |
(187) 我昨天发了她一封信。 Wǒ zuótiān fā le tā yīfēng xìn. wo 1SG zuotian yesterday fa-le send-PERF ta 3SG yi-feng one-CL xin letter ‘I sent her a letter yesterday.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
187 |
(188) 信昨天被我发给他了。 Xìn zuótiān bèi wǒ fā gěi tā le. xin letter zuotian yesterday bei BEI wo 1SG fa-gei send-to ta him le PERF ‘The letter was sent to him by me yesterday.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
188 |
(189) 我昨天发了一封信给他。 Wǒ zuótiān fā le yīfēng xìn gěi tā. wo 1SG zuotian yesterday fa-le send-PERF yi-feng one-CL xin letter gei to ta him ‘I sent a letter to him yesterday.’ |
★ | SEND | the Verb form fā | 189 |
(190) 胡子已经被我刮了。 Húzi yǐjīng bèi wǒ guā le. huzi beard yijing already bei BEI wo 1SG gua-le shave-PERF ‘The beard has been shaved by me.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
190 |
(191) 这把剃须刀刮起来顺手。 Zhèbǎ tìxūdāo guā qǐlái shùnshǒu. zhe-ba this-CL tixudao shaver gua-qilai shave-APPL shunshou smooth ‘This shaver shaves smoothly.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
191 |
(192) 他的胡子刮起来很麻烦。 Tāde húzi guā qǐlái hěn máfan. tade his huzi beard gua-qilai shave-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘It is very difficult to shave his beard. / His beard is very difficult to shave.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
192 |
(193) 他朝我大声叫喊。 Tā cháo wǒ dà shēng jiàohǎn. ta 3SG chao to wo 1SG da loud sheng voice jiaohan shout ‘He shouted at me in loud voice.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
193 |
(194) 他们把军舰命名为武汉号。 Tāmen bǎ jūnjiàn mìngmíng wéi Wǔhànhào. tamen 3PL ba BA junjian warship mingming name wei be Wuhanhao Wuhanhao ‘They named the warship Wuhanhao.’ |
★ | NAME |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
194 |
(195) 他们还把绘画作品展示了一番。 Tāmen hái bǎ huìhuà zuòpǐn zhǎnshì le yīfān. tamen 3PL hai additionally ba BA huihua painting zuopin works zhanshi-le show-PERF yi-fan one-CL ‘Additionally, they put up a show of the paintings.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
195 |
(196) 绘画作品还被他们展示了一番。 Huìhuà zuòpǐn hái bèi tāmen zhǎnshì le yīfān. huihua paintings zuopin works hai additionally bei BEI tamen 3PL zhanshi-le show-PERF yi-fan one-CL ‘The paintings were shown by them.’ |
★ | SHOW |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
196 |
(197) 椅子已经被你坐了。 Yǐzi yǐjīng bèi nǐ zuò le. yizi chair yijing already bei BEI ni 2SG zuo-le sit-PERF ‘You have already sat in the chair.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
197 |
(198) 这椅子坐着舒服。 Zhè yǐzi zuò zhe shūfú. zhe this yizi chair zuo-zhe sit-APPL shufu comfortable ‘Sitting in this chair is comfortable.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
198 |
(199) 一条凳子坐十个人。 Yītiáo dèngzi zuò shígè rén. yi-tiao one-CL dengzi stool zuo sit shi-ge ten-CL ren person ‘One stool is enough for ten persons to sit on.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
199 |
(200) 十个人坐一条凳子。 Shígè rén zuò yītiáo dèngzi. shi-ge ten-CL ren person zuo sit yi-tiao one-CL dengzi stool ‘Ten persons are to sit on the same stool.’ |
★ | SIT |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
200 |
(201) 小偷把文件偷(走)了。 Xiǎotōu bǎ wénjiàn tōu (zǒu) le. xiaotou thief ba BA wenjian document tou-zou-le steal-away-PERF ‘A thief has stolen the document.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
201 |
(202) 文件被小偷偷(走)了。 Wénjiàn bèi xiǎotōu tōu(zǒu) le. wenjian document bei BEI xiaotou thief tou(zou)-le steal.(away)-PERF ‘The document was stolen by a thief.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
202 |
(203) 小偷偷了他家两头牛,一匹马。 Xiǎotōu tōule tājiā liǎngtóu níu, yīpǐ mǎ. xiaotou thief tou-le steal-PERF ta-jia 3SG-family liang-tou two-CL niu cow yi-pi one-CL ma horse ‘A thief stole two cows and one horse from his family.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
203 |
(204) 小户人家偷起来容易些。 Xiǎohù rénjiā tōu qǐlái róngyìxiē. xiaohu average renjia household tou-qilai steal-APPL rongyixie easier ‘It is easier to steal from average households.’ |
★ | STEAL |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
204 |
(205) 妈妈把钱拿走了。 Māma bǎ qián názǒu le. mama Mom ba BA qian money nazou-le take.away-PERF ‘Mom took away the money.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
205 |
(206) 钱被妈妈拿走了。 Qián bèi māma názǒu le. qian money bei BEI mama Mom nazou-le take.away-PERF ‘The money was taken away by Mom.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
206 |
(207) 我拿走了妈妈一万块钱。 Wǒ názǒu le māma yīwànkuài qián. wo 1SG nazou-le take.away-PERF mama Mom yiwan-kuai ten.thousand-yuan qian money ‘I took away ten thousand yuan from Mom.’ |
★ | TAKE |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
207 |
(208) 妈妈把垃圾扔了。 Māma bǎ lājī rēng le. mama Mom ba BA laji trash reng-le throw-PERF ‘Mom threw away the trash.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
208 |
(209) 垃圾被妈妈扔了。 Lājī bèi māma rēng le. Laji trash bei BEI mama Mom reng-le throw-PERF ‘The trash was thrown away by Mom.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
209 |
(210) 这种铅球太重,扔起来很麻烦。 Zhèzhǒng qiānqíu tài zhòng, rēng qǐlái hěn máfán. zhe-zhong this-CL qian lead qiu ball hen very zhong heavy reng-qilai throw-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘This kind of lead ball is too heavy, so it is very troublesome to throw it. / This kind of lead ball is so heavy that it is very difficult to throw it.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
210 |
(211) 我把狗拴起来了。 Wǒ bǎ gǒu shuān qǐlái le. wo 1SG ba BA gou dog shuan-qilai tie-APPL le CRS ‘I have tied (up) the dog.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
211 |
(212) 狗被我拴起来了。 Gǒu bèi wǒ shuān qǐlái le. gou dog bei BEI wo 1SG shuang-qilai-le tie-APPL-PERF ‘The dog bas been tied up by me.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
212 |
(213) 树上拴狗。 Shùshàng shuān gǒu. shushang tree.LOC shuan tie gou dog ‘The tree is for one to tie up a dog.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
213 |
(214) 狗拴树上。 Gǒu shuān shùshàng. gou dog shuan tie shushang tree.LOC ‘The dog is to be tied up to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
214 |
(215) 狗很凶,拴起来很困难。 Gǒu hěn xiōng,shuān qǐlái hěn kùnnán. gou dog hen very xiong fierce shuan-qilai tie-APPL hen very kunnan difficult ‘It is very difficult to tie up the dog because it is very fierce.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
215 |
(216) 这种抹布擦起来干净。 Zhèzhǒng mābù cā qǐlái gānjìng. zhe-zhong this-kind mabu cloth.brush ca-qilai wipe-APPL ganjing clean ‘This kind of cloth-brush wipes clean.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
216 |
(217) 桌子被我擦了。 Zhuōzi bèi wǒ cā le. zhuozi table bei BEI wo 1SG ca-le wipe-PERF ‘The table was wiped up by me.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
217 |
(218) 这种水果吃起来很容易。 Zhèzhòng shuǐguǒ chī qǐlái hěn róngyì. zhe-zhong this-kind shuiguo fruit chi-qilai eat-APPL hen very rongyi easy ‘This kind of fruit is easy to eat. / This kind of fruit eats very fast.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
218 |
(219) 十个人吃一锅饭。 Shígè rén chī yīguō fàn. shi-ge ten-CL ren person chi eat yi-guo one-CL fan rice ‘Ten persons are to eat the rice from one pot.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
219 |
(220) 他被俄国熊热烈拥抱。 Tā bèi éguó xióng rèliè yōngbào. ta 3SG bei BEI eguo Russian xiong bear relie warmly yongbao hug ‘He was given a warm hug by the Russian bear. / He was hugged warmly by the Russian bear.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
220 |
(221) *骑摩托车死起来快得很。 *Qí mótuōchē sǐ qǐlái kuài dé hěn. *qi ride motuoche motor.cycle si-qilai die-APPL kuai quick de APPL hen very ‘Riding motor cycle will kill the cyclist quickly.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
221 |
(222) 被她看了一眼,我觉得很舒服。 Bèi tā kàn le yīyǎn, wǒ juéde hěn shūfú. bei BEI ta she kan-le look.at-PERF yi-yan one-look wo 1SG juede feel hen very shufu comfortable ‘I feel very comfortable because she gave me a look.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
222 |
(223) 我把衣服洗了。 Wǒ bǎ yīfu xǐ le. wo 1SG ba BA yifu clothes xi-le wash-PERF ‘I wahsed the clothes.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
223 |
(224) 衣服被我洗了。 Yīfu bèi wǒ xǐ le. yifu clothes bei BEI wo 1SG xi-le wash-PERF ‘The clothes was washed by me.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
224 |
(225) 这种衣服料子洗起来容易。 Zhèzhǒng yīfu liàozi xǐ qǐlái róngyì. zhe-zhong this-CL yifu clothes liaozi material xi-qilai wash-APPL rongyi easy ‘This kind of cloth material washes easily. / It is easy to wash this kind of cloth material.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
225 |
(226) 一盆水洗十个人。 Yīpén shuǐ xǐ shígè rén. yi-pen one-CL shui water xi wash shi-ge ten-CL ren person ‘A basin of water is for ten persons to wash themselves.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
226 |
(227) 十个人洗一盆水。 Shígè rén xǐ yīpén shuǐ. shi-ge ten-CL ren person xi wash yi-pen one-CL shui water ‘Ten persons share one basin of water for washing themselves.’ |
★ | WASH |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
227 |
(228) 船沉了。 Chuán chén le. chuan boat chen-le sink-PERF ‘The boat sank.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
228 |
(229) 海盗把船沉了。 Hǎidào bǎ chuán chén le. haidao pirate ba BA chuan boat chen-le sink-PERF ‘The pirates sank the boat.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
229 |
(230) 船被海盗沉了。 Chuán bèi hǎidào chén le. chuan boat bei BEI haidao pirate chen-le sink-PERF ‘The boat was sunk by the pirates.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
230 |
(231) 海盗沉了我们十条船。 Hǎidào chén le wǒmen shítiáo chuán. haidao pirate chen-le sink-PERF women 1PL shi-tiao ten-CL chuan boat ‘The pirates sank ten of our boats.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
231 |
(232) 这船太大,沉起来不容易。 Zhè chuán tài dà, chén qǐlái bù róngyì. zhe this chuan boat tai too da big chen-qilai sink-APPL bu not rongyi easy ‘It is difficult to sink the boat because it is too big. / This boat is too big and is difficult to sink.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
232 |
(233) 这种纸撕起来容易。 Zhèzhǒng zhǐ sī qǐlái róngyì. zhe-zhong this-kind zhi paper si-qilai tear-APPL rongyi easy ‘This kind of paper is easy to tear.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
233 |
(234) 票被他撕了。 Piào bèi tā sī le. piao ticket bei BEI ta he si-le tear-PERF ‘The ticket was torn by him.’ |
★ | TEAR |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
234 |
(235) 我把这件事告诉了他。 Wǒ bǎ zhèjiàn shì gàosù le tā. wo 1SG ba BA zhe-jian this-CL shi matter gaosu-le tell-PERF ta 3SG ‘I told him about this matter.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
235 |
(236) 这件事被老师告诉了爸爸。 Zhèjiàn shì bèi lǎoshī gàosù le bàba. zhe-jian this-CL shi matter bei BEI laoshi teacher gaosu-le tell-PERF baba Dad ‘This matter was told to Dad by my teacher. / My teacher told Dad about this matter.’ |
★ | TELL |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
236 |
(237) 这孩子教起来轻松。 Zhè háizi jiāo qǐlái qīngsōng. zhe this haizi kid jiao-qilai teach-APPL qingsong easy ‘The kid is easy to teach.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
237 |
(238) 孩子被你教坏了。 Háizi bèi nǐ jiāohuài le. haizi kid bei BEI ni 2SG jiao-huai-le teach-bad-PERF ‘You have taught the kid in such a way that he has turned bad. / You have led the kid astray by improper teaching.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
238 |
(239) 他眨了眼睛。 Tā zhǎle yǎnjing. ta 3SG zha-le blink-PERF yanjing eye ‘He blinked his eyes.’ |
★ | WINK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
239 |
(240) 他的眼睛眨了一下。 Tā de yǎnjing zhǎle yīxià. tade his yanjing eye zha-le blink-PERF yixia once ‘His eyes blinked once.’ |
★ | WINK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
240 |
(241) 我把屏幕摸了一下。 Wǒ bǎ píngmù mō le yīxià. wo 1SG ba BA pingmu screen mo-le touch-PERF yixia once ‘I touched the screen once.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
241 |
(242) 屏幕被我摸了一下。 Píngmù bèi wǒ mō le yīxià. pingmu screen bei BEI wo 1SG mo-le touch-PERF yixia once ‘The screen was touched once by me.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
242 |
(243) 这种材料摸起来很舒服。 Zhèzhǒng cáiliào mō qǐlái hěn shūfú. zhe-zhong this-CL cailiao material mo-qilai touch-APPL hen very shufu comfortable ‘It is very comfortable to touch this kind of material. / This kind of material feels very good.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
243 |
(244) 棍子打断了。 Gùnzi dǎduàn le. gunzi stick daduan-le break-PERF ‘The stick broke.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
244 |
(245) 棍子被我打断了。 Gùnzi bèi wǒ dǎduàn le. gunzi stick bei BEI wo 1SG daduan-le break-PERF ‘The stick was boken by me.’ |
★ | BREAK |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
245 |
(246) 我把照相机带来了。 Wǒ bǎ zhàoxiàngjī dàilái le. wo 1SG ba BA zhaoxiangji camera dailai-le bring-PERF ‘I have brought the camera.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
246 |
(247) 照相机被我带来了。 Zhàoxiàngjī bèi wǒ dàilái le. zhaoxiangji camera bei BEI wo 1SG dailai-le bring-PERF ‘The camera has been brought by me.’ |
★ | BRING |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
247 |
(248) 房子建好了。 Fángzi jiànhǎo le. fangzi house jian-hao-le build-finished-PERF ‘The house has been built.’ |
★ | BUILD | the Verb form jiàn(zào) | 248 |
(249) 房子被我建好了。 Fángzi bèi wǒmen jiànhǎo le. fangzi house bei BEI women 1PL jian-hao-le build-finished-PERF ‘The house has been built by us.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
249 |
(250) 这样的房子建起来不容易。 Zhèyàng de fángzi jiàn qǐlái bù róngyì. zhe-yang this-type de DE fangzi house jian-qilai build-APPL bu not rongyi easy ‘It's not easy to build this kind of house.’ |
★ | BUILD |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
250 |
(251) 那孩子吓着了。 Nèi háizi xiàzhao le. nei that haizi kid xiazhao-le frighten-CRS ‘That kid is frightened.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
251 |
(252) 大个子孩子藏起来不容易。 Dàgèzi háizi cáng qǐlái bùróngyì. da-gezi big-size haizi kid cang-qilai hide-APPL bu not rongyi easy ‘It's not easy to hide big-sized kids.’ |
★ | HIDE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
252 |
(253) 敌人杀死了。 Dírén shāsǐ le. diren enemy shasi-le kill-PERF ‘The enemy is killed.’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form shā | 253 |
(254) 我装满了水缸。 Wǒ zhuāngmǎn le shuǐgāng. wo 1SG zhuangman-le fill-PERF shuigang water.jar ‘I filled the water jar.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
254 |
(255) 苹果皮削了。 Píngguǒ pí xiāo le. pingguo apple pi skin xiao-le peel-PERF ‘The apple has been peeled.’ |
★ | PEEL | the Verb form xiāo (2) | 255 |
(256) 你吓着那孩子了。 Nǐ xiàzhao nèi háizi le. ni 2SG xiazhao frighten nei that haizi kid le CRS ‘You frightened that kid.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
256 |
(257) 车子造好了。 Chēzi zàohǎo le. chezi car zao-hao-le make-finished-CRS ‘The car is made.’ |
★ | MAKE | the Verb form zào | 257 |
(258) 我们杀死了敌人。 Wǒmen shāsǐ le dírén. women 1PL shasi-le kill-PERF diren enemy ‘We killed the enemy.’ |
★ | KILL | the Verb form shā | 258 |
(259) 车被我们造出来了。 Chē bèi wǒmen zào chūlái le. che car bei BEI women 1PL zao-chulai-le make-come.out-PERF ‘The car has been made by us.’ |
★ | MAKE |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
259 |
(260) 这种车子装起来很麻烦。 Zhèzhǒng chēzǐ zhuāngqǐlái hěn máfan. zhe-zhong this-kind chezi truck zhuang-qilai load-APPL hen very mafan troublesome ‘It is not easy to load this kind of truck.’ |
★ | LOAD |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
260 |
(261) 汽车造起来容易。 Qìchē zào qǐlái róngyì. qiche car zao-qilai make-APPL rongyi easy ‘It's easy to make cars.’ |
★ | MAKE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
261 |
(262) 我削了苹果皮。 Wǒ xiāo le píngguǒ pí. wo 1SG xiao-le peel-PERF pingguo apple pi skin ‘I peeled the apple.’ |
★ | PEEL | the Verb form xiāo (2) | 262 |
(263) 他已经把南瓜皮削了。 Tā yǐjīng bǎ nánguā pí xiāo le. ta 3SG yijing already ba BA nangua pumpkin pi skin xiao-le peel-PERF ‘He has peeled the pumpkin.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
263 |
(264) 弟弟把泰迪熊玩坏了。 Dìdi bǎ tàidíxióng wán huài le. didi younger.brother ba BA taidixiong teddy.bear wan play huai-le broken-PERF ‘My younger brother played with the teddy bear and made it broken.’ |
★ | PLAY |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
264 |
(265) 爸爸把桌子推开。 Bàba bǎ zhuōzi tuīkāi. baba Dad ba BA zhuozi table tui-kai push-away ‘Dad pushed the table away.’ |
★ | PUSH |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
265 |
(266) 把书放在桌上。 Bǎ shū fàng zài zhuō shàng. ba BA shu book fang-zai put-on zhuo-shang desk-top ‘Put the book on the desk.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
266 |
(267) 他把小狗带来了。 Tā bǎ xiǎogǒu dàilái le. ta 3SG ba BA xiao-gou little-dog dai-lai-le carry-come-PERF ‘He has carried the little dog here.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
267 |
(268) 警察在搜寻嫌疑犯。 Jǐngchá zài sōuxún xiányífàn. jingcha police zai PRES souxun search.for xianyifan suspect ‘The police are searching for the suspect.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1 > V > 2 |
268 |
(269) 小狗被她带走了。 Xiǎogǒu bèi tā dàizǒu le. xiaogou puppy bei BEI ta she dai-zou-le carry-away-PERF ‘The puppy was carried away by her.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
269 |
(270) 我已经把胡子刮了。 Wǒ yǐjīng bǎ húzi guā le. wo 1SG yijing already ba BA huzi beard gua-le shave-PERF ‘I have shaved my beard already.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
270 |
(271) 这种手枪携带起来方便。 Zhèzhǒng shǒuqiāng xiédài qǐlái fāngbiàn. zhe-zhong this-kind shouqiang handgun xiedai-qilai carry-APPL fangbian convenient ‘This kind of handgun is convenient for carrying. / It is convenient to carry this kind of handgun.’ |
★ | CARRY |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
271 |
(272) 这山爬起来容易。 Zhè shān pá qǐlái róngyì. zhe this shan mountain pa-qilai climb-APPL rongyi easy ‘This mountain is easy to climb. / It's easy to climb up the mountain.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
272 |
(273) 饭被我煮糊了。 Fàn bèi wǒ zhǔ hú le. fan rice bei BEI wo 1SG zhu-hu-le cook-burnt-CRS ‘The rice was burnt by me. / I cooked but burnt the rice.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
273 |
(274) 她从我这里拿走了钱。 Tā cóng wǒzhèlǐ názǒu le qián. ta 3SG cong from wo-zheli 1SG-here nazou-le take-PERF qian money ‘She took away the money from me.’ |
★ | TAKE |
a Coding frame:
1 > (cóng+2 > ) V > 3 |
274 |
(275) 我把桌子擦了。 Wǒ bǎ zhuōzi cā le. wo 1SG ba BA zhuozi table ca-le wipe-PERF ‘I wiped the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
275 |
(276) 进口牛肉煮起来更容易。 Jìnkǒu níuròu zhǔ qǐlái gèng róngyì. jinkou imported niurou beef zhu-qilai cook-APPL geng more rongyi easy ‘It is easier to cook imported beef. / Imported beef is easier to cook.’ |
★ | COOK |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
276 |
(277) 我把那个苹果吃了。 Wǒ bǎ nàgè píngguǒ chī le. wo 1SG ba BA na-ge that-CL pingguo apple chi-le eat-PERF ‘I ate that apple.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
277 |
(278) 警察用白布盖尸体。 Jǐngchá yòng báibù gài shītǐ. jingcha policeman yong use baibu white.cloth gai cover shiti dead.body ‘The policeman covered the dead body with white cloth.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1 > (yòng+2 > ) V > 3 |
278 |
(279) 一锅饭吃十个人。 Yīguō fàn chī shígè rén. yi-guo one-CL fan rice chi eat shi-ge ten-CL ren person ‘A pot of rice is to serve ten prsons. / A pot of rice is for ten people to eat.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Quantity Ratio Alternation |
279 |
(280) 尸体被警察用白布盖起来了。 Shītǐ bèi jǐngchá yòng báibù gài qǐlái le. shiti dead.body bei BEI jingcha policeman yong use baibu white.cloth gai-qilai-le cover-APPL-CRS ‘The dead body was covered with white cloth by the policeman.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
280 |
(281) 那个苹果被我吃了。 Nàgè píngguǒ bèi wǒ chī le. na-ge that-CL pingguo apple bei BEI wo 1SG chi-le eat-PERF ‘That apple was eaten by me. / I ate that apple.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
281 |
(282) 大车盖起来麻烦些。 Dàchē gài qǐlái máfánxiē. da-che big-car gai-qilai cover-APPL mafanxie more.troublesome ‘It's more difficult to cover up big cars.’ |
★ | COVER |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
282 |
(283) 我吃了她三个苹果。 Wǒ chī le tā sāngè píngguǒ. wo 1SG chi-le eat-PERF ta she san-ge three-CL pingguo apple ‘I ate three of her apples.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
283 |
(284) 肉切了。 Ròu qiē le. rou meat qie-le cut-CRS ‘The meat is cut.’ |
★ | CUT | the Verb form qiē | 284 |
(285) 我把她看了一下。 Wǒ bǎ tā kàn le yīxià. wo 1SG ba BA ta her kan-le look.at-PERF yi-xia one-CL ‘I gave her a look.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
285 |
(286) 水缸装满了。 Shuǐgāng zhuāngmǎn le. shuigang water.jar zhuangman-le fill-CRS ‘The water jar is filled. / The water jar is full.’ |
★ | FILL |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
286 |
(287) 海盗沉了船。 Hǎidào chén le chuán. haidao pirate chen-le sink-PERF chuan boat ‘The pirates sank the boat.’ |
★ | SINK |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
287 |
(288) 我把一头牛看见了。 *Wǒ bǎ yītóu níu kànjiàn le. *wo 1SG ba BA yi-tou one-CL niu cow kanjian-le see-PERF ‘I saw a cow.’ |
★ | SEE |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
288 |
(289) 你把孩子教坏了。 Nǐ bǎ háizi jiāo huài le. ni 2SG ba BA haizi kid jiao teach huai bad le PERF ‘You have taught the kid in such a way that he has turned bad. / Your teaching has made the kid bad.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
289 |
(290) 村子里出现了一只老虎。 Cūnzi lǐ chūxiàn le yīzhī lǎohǔ. cunzi-li village-inside chuxian-le appear-PERF yi-zhi one-CL laohu tiger ‘In the village appeared a tiger. / There appeared a tiger in the village.’ |
★ | APPEAR |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
290 |
(291) 书放在桌上。 Shū fàng(zài) zhuōshàng. shu book fang put (zai) (PREP) zhuo-shang desk-top ‘The book is placed on the desk.’ |
★ | PUT |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
291 |
(292) 村子里死了一个老人。 Cūnzǐli sǐle yīgè lǎorén. cunzi-li village-inside si-le die-PERF yi-ge one-CL lao-ren old-person ‘An old man died in the village.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
292 |
(293) 一个老人死在了村子里。 Yīgè lǎorén sǐzàile cūnzǐli. yi-ge one-CL laoren old.person si-zai-le die-PREP-PERF cunzi-li village-inside ‘An old man died in the village.’ |
★ | DIE |
an Alternation:
Locative Inversion Alternation |
293 |
(294) 那个屠夫切了他两块猪肉。 Nàgè túfū qiē le tā liǎngkuài zhūròu. na-ge that-CL tufu butcher qie-le cut-PERF ta 3SG liang-kuai two-CL zhurou pork ‘That butcher cut two pieces of pork for him. / That butcher cut two pieces of pork and gave them to him.’ |
★ | CUT |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
294 |
(295) 他挖了我几卡车土豆。 Tā wā(zǒu)le wǒ jǐ kǎchē tǔdòu. ta 3SG wa(zou)-le dig(away)-PERF wo 1SG ji several kache truck tudou potato ‘He dug several trucks of potatoes of mine and took them away.’ |
★ | DIG |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
295 |
(296) 妈妈扔了我一个球。 Māma rēngle wǒ yīgè qíu. mama Mom reng-le throw-PERF wo 1SG yi-ge one-CL qiu ball ‘Mom threw a ball to me. / Mom threw me a ball.’ |
★ | THROW |
an Alternation:
Neutral Ditransitive Alternation |
296 |
(297) 钱给了他。 *Qián gěi le tā. *qian money gei-le give-PERF ta him ‘The money was given to him.’ |
★ | GIVE |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
297 |
(298) 他已经把南瓜削了皮。 Tā yǐjīng bǎ nánguā xiāo le pí. ta 3SG yijing already ba BA nangua pumpkin xiao-le peel-PERF pi skin ‘He has peeled the pumpkin. / He has peeled the skin off the pumpkin.’ |
★ | PEEL |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
298 |
(299) *警察把嫌疑犯搜寻了。 *Jǐngchá bǎ xiányífàn sōuxún le. *jingcha police ba BA xianyifan suspect souxun-le search.for-PERF ‘*The police have searched for the suspect.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
an Alternation:
BA Alternation |
299 |
(300) 对初学者来说,电子邮件发起来就是麻烦。 Duì chūxuézhě láishuō,diànzǐyóujiàn fā qǐlái jiùshì máfan. dui to chuxuezhe beginners laishuo, speaking.of, dianziyoujian email fa-qilai send-APPL jiushi just mafan troublesome ‘To beginners, it is just troublesome to send an email. / It is just difficult for beginners to learn to send emails.’ |
★ | SEND |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
300 |
(301) 这把剃须刀被我刮坏了。 Zhè bǎ tìxūdāo bèi wǒ guā huài le. zhe-ba this-CL tixudao shaver bei BEI wo 1SG gua-huai-le shave-broken-PERF ‘I have broken this shaver.’ |
★ | SHAVE (a body part/person) |
an Alternation:
BEI Alternation |
301 |
(302) 这口锅油太厚,擦起来不容易。 Zhèkǒu guō yóu tài hòu, cā qǐlái bú róngyì. zhe-kou this-CL guo pot you oil tai too hou, thick, ca-qilai wipe-APPL bu not rongyi easy ‘The pot is too oily that it is not easy to wipe it clean.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Middle Alternation |
302 |
(303) 两门手艺教了。 *Liǎngmén shǒuyì jiāo le. *liang-men two-CL shouyi skills jiao-le teach-PERF ‘Two skills have been taught.’ |
★ | TEACH |
an Alternation:
Ambitransitive Alternation |
303 |