chida (치다 )

show comment 1 other Verb form for meaning "HIT": ttaerida

Expressing an instrumental adjunct with this verb somehow feels ungrammatical, maybe because the movement of HIT is different from English:The Korean chida rather refers to a movement where something touches another thing very quickly and shortly and with high velocity. Importantly, an object touches another frontally (geradeaus drauf, nach vorn oder nach unten, as we would say in German) and not mainly laterally. This is maybe how this verb is translated with a variety of different verbs in English (cf. 193, 192). Related to this, see ex. 195 where HIT also has the metaphorical meaning of CRUSH/KILL COMPLETELY, IN ONE GO.

To illustrate better, imagine a situation where a stone bricks falls from above and hits someone's head, and compare this with a situation where a big portal of a castle or house falls down in a much slower way and hits someone's head this way. Intuitively, I would only use this verb for the first situation described.

Thus ex. 193 would be a more naturally sounding counterpart to ex. 91, maybe because of the semantic reasons described above.

Whether the periphrastic passive applies to this verb I am not sure; to me it sounds impossible.

Coding frame

1-nom 2-acc V

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(192)

Neo na chyeosseo jigeum?

neo

2SG

1SG

chi-eoss-eo

hit-PST-PLAIN

jigeum

just_now

‘Did you push me/touch me just now?’

★

(194)

Yeongungdeuri himeul dahayeo jeogeul chyeotta.

yeongung-deul-i

hero-PL-NOM

him-eul

force-ACC

da-ha-eo

all-do-CONV

jeog-eul

enemy-ACC

chi-eoss-da

hit-PST-DECL

‘The heroes put all their forces together and crushed the enemy.’

★

(91)

Sanaineun baemeul (?makttaegiro) chyeotta.

sanai-neun

boy-TOP

baem-eul

snake-ACC

magdaegi-ro

stick-INSTR

chi-eoss-da

hiss-PST-DECL

‘The boy hit the snake with a stick.’

★

(193)

Aiga makttaegireul deonjyeo baemeul chyeotta.

ai-ga

child-NOM

magdaegi-reul

stick-ACC

deonji-eo

throw-CONV

baem-eul

snake-ACC

chi-eoss-da

hit-PST-DECL

‘The child threw a stick and hit the/a snake.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	HIT	Coding set	Argument type
1	hitter	NP-nom	A
2	hittee	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?
C Benefactive Alternation more info	MMarginally		y
C Causative (morphological) more info	NNever		y
C Causative (periphrastic) more info	RRegularly		y
U Reciprocal Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Passive (morphological) more info	NNever		y
U Possessor ascension more info	RRegularly	Not sure whether possessor ascension works with this verb.	n
U Recipient double accusative alternation more info	NNever		n
C ji-Passive (periphrastic) more info	NNever		y
C hada-alternation more info	NNever		y
U Locative alternation more info	NNever		n

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

chida (치다 )

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples