Examples of Ket
Example | Verb meaning | Example of... | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) Qimdɯlʲ naˀnʲ dabil. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child naˀnʲ bread da-b-il-a 3SG.F.SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-PST-eat ‘The girl ate the bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
1 |
(2) Dɨ̄lʲ debile naˀnʲ. dɨ̄lʲ child de-b-il-e 3SG.F.SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-PST-eat naˀnʲ bread ‘The child ate the bread.’ |
★ | EAT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
2 |
(3) Hiɣe dətovɨnte dɨ̄lʲ usinčas. hiɣe man d-ət-o-v-ɨn-te 3SG.M.SBJ-on-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-STEM dɨ̄lʲ child usinč-as blanket-INSTR ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
3 |
(4) Hīɣ dɯlʲ usinsʲas dətoɣomne. hīɣ man dɯlʲ child usinsʲ-as blanket-INSTR d-ət-o-ɣ-o-m-n-e 3SG.M.SBJ-on-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-TH-PST-put.MOM ‘The man covered the child with the blanket.’ |
★ | COVER |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
4 |
(5) Hīɣ eɣin ulʲasʲ dutomsin. hīɣ man eɣin dipper ulʲ-asʲ water-INSTR d-ut-o-b-in-sin 3SG.M.SBJ-full-PST-3INAN.OBJ-PST-cause.to.become ‘The man filled the dipper with water.’ |
★ | FILL |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
5 |
(6) Hīɣ īsʲ súùlʲdiŋa desoŋondaq. hīɣ man īsʲ fish súùlʲ-diŋa hand.sled-INAN.DAT d-es-oŋ-o-n-daq 3SG.M.SBJ-into_the_open-3PL.ANIM.OBJ-PST-PST-put.MOM ‘The man loaded the fish on the hand sled.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
6 |
(7) Hīɣ sèlʲ oksʲdaŋa daŋaɣina. hīɣ man sèlʲ reindeer oksʲ-daŋa tree-M.DAT d-aŋ-a-ɣ-in-a 3SG.M.SBJ-rope-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-put.MOM ‘The man tied the deer to the tree.’ |
★ | TIE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
7 |
(8) Hīɣ eɣindiŋa ūlʲ datpijdaq. hīɣ man eɣin-diŋa dipper-INAN.DAT ūlʲ water d-at-p-ij-daq 3SG.M.SBJ-by_pouring-3INAN.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The man poured the water into the dipper.’ |
★ | POUR |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
8 |
(9) Hīɣ īsʲ lʲam dədiŋa desoŋondaq. hīɣ man īsʲ fish lʲam table d-ət-diŋa POSS.INAN-back-INAN.DAT d-es-oŋ-on-daq 3SG.M.SBJ-into_the_open-3PL.ANIM.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The man put the fish on the table.’ |
★ | LOAD |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
9 |
(10) Hiɣdɯlʲ tɯˀsʲ okoškodiŋa deskomdaq. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child tɯˀsʲ stone okoško-diŋa window-INAN.DAT d-es-k-om-daq 3SG.M.SBJ-into_the_open-TH-3INAN.OBJ/PST-put.MOM ‘The boy threw the stone into the window.’ |
★ | THROW |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
10 |
(11) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋa daiːmbes. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋa teach-person-M.DAT ra-ik-u-k-in-bes 3SG.F.SBJ-here-3INAN.OBJ-TH-PST-move.MOM ‘The girl brought the book to the teacher (once).’ |
★ | BRING |
a Coding frame:
1 2 3-dat subj[1].obj[2].V |
11 |
(12) Qimdɯlʲ rataŋgimne. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child ra-taŋ-g-i-m-n-e 3SG.F.SBJ-drag-TH-EV-3INAN.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The girl dragged it.’ |
★ | CARRY |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
12 |
(13) Ulolta. ul-ol-ta water-PST-fall ‘It rained.’ |
★ | RAIN |
a Coding frame:
V |
13 |
(14) Dɯlʲ ovɯlʲd qoʁot. dɯlʲ child o-vɯlʲ-d(e) PST-be\PST-STEM qoʁot hunger ‘The boy was hungry.’ |
★ | BE HUNGRY |
a Coding frame:
1 V |
14 |
(15) Hiɣdɯlʲ dontəːl. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child d-on-tə:l 3SG.M.SBJ-PST-freeze ‘The boy froze.’ |
★ | FEEL COLD |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
15 |
(16) Hīɣ baŋdiŋa hɯta (t)tolaraq. hīɣ man baŋ-diŋa ground-INAN.DAT hɯta down (t)-t-ol-a-raq 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-3SG.M.SBJ-fall ‘The man fell to the ground.’ |
★ | FALL |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
16 |
(17) Keˀt duno. keˀt person du-n-qo 3SG.M.SBJ-PST-die ‘The man died.’ |
★ | DIE |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
17 |
(18) Āb həŋn aratn. āb 1POSS həŋn arm ar-a-tn be_sick-PRES-undergo ‘My arm hurts (me).’ |
★ | FEEL PAIN |
a Coding frame:
1 V |
18 |
(19) Hiɣdɯlʲ dbilil. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child d-b-il-il 3SG.M.SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-PST-sing ‘The boy sang (it).’ |
★ | SING |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].obj[2].V |
19 |
(20) Hiɣdɯlʲ eŋŋuŋga doldaq. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child eŋŋuŋ-ga village-LOC d-ol-daq 3SG.M.SBJ-PST-live ‘The boy lived in the village.’ |
★ | LIVE |
a Coding frame:
1 LOC2 subj[1].V |
20 |
(21) Hiɣdɯlʲ eŋŋuŋdiŋalʲ oɣon. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child eŋŋuŋ-diŋalʲ village-INAN.ABL o-ɣ-o-(t)n 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-go ‘The boy went (from the village).’ |
★ | LEAVE |
a Coding frame:
1 2-abl subj[1].V |
21 |
(22) Hīɣ baŋga tsesolte. hīɣ man baŋ-ga ground-LOC t-ses-ol-te 3SG.M.SBJ-place-PST-be.put ‘The man sat on the ground.’ |
★ | SIT |
a Coding frame:
1 LOC2 subj[1].V |
22 |
(23) Hīɣ baŋdiŋa tkonaɣən. hīɣ man baŋ-diŋa ground-INAN.DAT t-k-on-a-ɣən 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-3SG.M.SBJ-sit_down ‘The man sat down on the ground.’ |
★ | SIT DOWN |
a Coding frame:
1 LOC2 subj[1].V |
23 |
(24) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋa školadiŋa daeraqimne. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋa teach-person-M.DAT škola-diŋa school-INAN.DAT da-era-q-im-n-e 3SG.F.SBJ-send-CAUS-3INAN.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The girl sent the book to the teacher to school.’ |
★ | SEND |
a Coding frame:
1 2 3-dat subj[1].obj[2].V |
24 |
(25) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatket daovijaq. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket teach-person da-o-v-ij-aq 3SG.F.SBJ-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-give ‘The girl gave the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | GIVE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 3 subj[1].obj[3].V |
25 |
(26) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋa raɯtkimna. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋa teach-person-M.DAT ra-ɯt-k-im-n-a 3SG.F.SBJ-visible-TH-3INAN.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The girl showed the book to the teacher.’ |
★ | SHOW |
a Coding frame:
1 2 3-dat subj[1].obj[2].V |
26 |
(27) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋalʲ rauddeiŋuɣolvet. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋalʲ teach-person-M.ABL ra-uddeiŋ-u-ɣ-ol-vet 3SG.F.SBJ-steal-3INAN.OBJ-TH-PST-ITER ‘The girl stole the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | STEAL |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
27 |
(28) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋalʲ dakajnem. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋalʲ teach-person-M.ABL da-kaj-n-em 3SG.F.SBJ-take_object-PST-take ‘The girl took the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | GET |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-abl) subj[1].obj[2].V |
28 |
(29) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲa siraɣatketdaŋalʲ ragimna. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa book siraɣat-ket-daŋalʲ teach-person-M.ABL ra-gi-m-n-a 3SG.F.SBJ-hide-3INAN.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The girl hid the book from the teacher.’ |
★ | HIDE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
29 |
(30) Qimdɯlʲ eslʲadiŋalʲ eslit lʲamt kəma raqətejula. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child eslʲa-diŋalʲ book-INAN.ABL esli-t book-POSS lʲamt piece kəma away ra-qətej-u-l-a 3SG.F.SBJ-yank-3INAN.OBJ-PST-MOM ‘The girl tore the page from the book.’ |
★ | TEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
30 |
(31) Qimdɯlʲ lamd ətdiŋalʲ sʲīn kəma raovilvet. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child lam-d table-POSS ət-diŋalʲ back-INAN.ABL sʲīn dirt kəma away ra-o-v-il-vet 3SG.F.SBJ-PST-3INAN.OBJ-PST-wipe ‘The girl wiped the dirt off the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-abl) subj[1].obj[2].V |
31 |
(32) Hiɣdɯlʲ naˀnʲ donasʲ tkomna. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child naˀnʲ bread don-asʲ knife-INSTR t-k-o-m-n-a 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-3INAN.OBJ-PST-cut ‘The boy cut the bread with the knife.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
32 |
(33) Hiɣdɯlʲ tìɣ oksʲasʲ dnoldəj. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child tìɣ snake oksʲ-asʲ stick-INSTR d-n-o-l-dəj 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-3SG.M.OBJ-PST-touch ‘The boy touched the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | TOUCH |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
33 |
(34) Hiɣdɯlʲ tìɣ oksʲas doviltet. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child tìɣ snake oksʲ-as stick-INSTR d-o-v-il-tet 3SG.M.SBJ-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-hit ‘The boy hit the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | HIT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
34 |
(35) Hiɣdɯlʲ tìɣ oksʲas tharondo. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child tìɣ snake oksʲ-as stick-INSTR t-har-o-n-do 3SG.M.SBJ-area-3M.SG.OBJ-PST-beat ‘The boy beat the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | BEAT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
35 |
(36) Hiɣdɯlʲ tìɣ oksʲas daʁaj. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child tìɣ snake oksʲ-as stick-INSTR d-a-ʁ-aj 3SG.M.SBJ-3SG.M.OBJ-PST-kill ‘The boy killed the snake with the stick.’ |
★ | KILL |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
36 |
(37) Hiɣdɯlʲ okoško tɯsʲas dilunbet. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child okoško window tɯsʲ-as stone-INSTR d-il-u-k-in-bed 3SG.M.SBJ-small.piece-3SG.INAN.OBJ-TH-PST-make ‘The boy broke the window with the stone.’ |
★ | BREAK |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
37 |
(38) Hīɣ iʁus dubbet (aqdiŋalʲ). hīɣ man iʁus house du-b-bed 3SG.M.SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-make aq-diŋalʲ wood.PL-INAN.ABL ‘The man builds a house out of wood.’ |
★ | BUILD |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-abl) subj[1].obj[2].V |
38 |
(39) kарр’ да'ңа барä: “?едди”. Qarʲ da'ŋa bara: eddi. qarʲ DEM.M da'ŋa 3SG.M.DAT bara 3M.SG.say ed-di alive-1SG ‘He said to him: "I’m alive".’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1 (2-dat) subj[1].V UTT3 |
39 |
(40) Hīɣ qimdɯldiŋa desolej. hīɣ man qim-dɯl-diŋa woman-child-F.DAT d-es-ol-ej 3SG.M.SBJ-out-PST-call ‘The man shouted at the girl.’ |
★ | SHOUT AT |
a Coding frame:
1 2-dat subj[1].V |
40 |
(41) Hīɣ qimdɯldiŋa asʲkət (t)tovinge. hīɣ man qim-dɯl-diŋa woman-child-F.DAT asʲkət fairy_tale t-t-o-v-in-ge 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-3INAN.OBJ-PST-tell ‘The man told a fairytale to the girl.’ |
★ | SAY |
a Coding frame:
1 2 3-dat subj[1].obj[2].V |
41 |
(42) Hiɣdɯlʲ hiɣdaŋalʲ qəmtəŋ esʲaŋ tsilaq. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child hiɣ-daŋalʲ man-M.ABL qəmtəŋ money esʲaŋ for t-si-l-aq 3SG.M.SBJ-ask-PST-STEM ‘The boy asked the man for money.’ |
★ | ASK FOR |
a Coding frame:
1 (2-abl) (3-transl) subj[1].V |
42 |
(43) Hīɣ hiɣdɯlasʲ qimdil dasanolʁan. hīɣ man hiɣ-dɯl-asʲ man-child-INSTR qim-dɯl woman-child d-asqan-i-ɣ-ol-kan 3SG.M.SBJ-words-3F.SG.OBJ-TH-PST-speak ‘The man talked to the boy about the girl.’ |
★ | TALK |
a Coding frame:
1 2-instr 3 subj[1].obj[3].V |
43 |
(44) Hīɣ dɯlda qoŋ inam italam. hīɣ man dɯl-da child-POSS.M qoŋ image inam long_ago it-a-l-am know-3SG.M.SBJ-PST-STEM ‘The man knew the boy.’ |
★ | KNOW |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].V |
44 |
(45) Hīɣ hiɣdɯlʲ datoloŋ. hīɣ man hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child d-a-t-ol-oŋ 3SG.M.SBJ-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-PST-see ‘The man saw the boy.’ |
★ | SEE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
45 |
(46) Hiɣə daniŋlʲebet ture dɯldat. hiɣə man d-aniŋ-lʲe-bet 3SG.M.SBJ-think-PST-ITER ture DEM.M dɯl-dat child-M.SG.ADESS ‘The man thought about that boy.’ |
★ | THINK |
a Coding frame:
1 2-adess subj[1].V |
46 |
(47) Hīɣ hiɣdɯlʲda tān dbuŋloq. hīɣ man hiɣ-dɯlʲ-da man-child-POSS.M tān toward d-bu-ŋ-l-oq 3SG.M.SBJ-3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-look ‘The man looked at the boy.’ |
★ | LOOK AT |
a Coding frame:
1 2-poss+tān subj[1].V |
47 |
(48) Hīɣ hiɣdɯlʲ dqoranqone. hīɣ man hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child d-qoraŋ-q-o-n-e 3SG.M.SBJ-fright-CAUS-3SG.M.OBJ-PST-put.MOM ‘The man frightened the boy.’ |
★ | FRIGHTEN |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
48 |
(49) Hiɣdɯlʲ hiɣdaŋalʲ dbutolok. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child hiɣ-daŋalʲ man-M.ABL d-bu-t-ol-ok 3SG.M.SBJ-3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-shiver ‘The boy feared the man.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 2-abl subj[1].V |
49 |
(50) Hiɣdɯlʲdaŋa hīɣ daqtoɣon. hiɣ-dɯlʲ-daŋa man-child-M.DAT hīɣ man d-aqt-o-ʁon 3SG.M.SBJ-good-PST-be.INCEPT ‘The boy liked the man.’ |
★ | LIKE |
a Coding frame:
1 2-dat subj[1].V |
50 |
(51) Hīɣ hiɣdɯlʲdaŋt tsaŋlevet. hīɣ man hiɣ-dɯlʲ-daŋt man-child-M.ADESS t-saŋ-le-vet 3SG.M.SBJ-search-PST-ITER ‘The man searched for the boy.’ |
★ | SEARCH FOR |
a Coding frame:
1 2-adess subj[1].V |
51 |
(52) Hīɣ qīm (du)sukbulotin. hīɣ man qīm woman du-suk-bu-k-il-ot-in 3ANIM.SBJ-meet-3ANIM.SBJ-TH-PST-go-SBJ.PL ‘The man and the woman met.’ |
★ | MEET |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].rfl/sbj[2].V |
52 |
(53) Hīɣ qīmd oŋta qolʲepka eiŋ aɣoɣon. hīɣ man qīm-d woman-POSS oŋta back qolʲep-ka side-LOC eiŋ go a-ɣ-o-ʁon 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-INCEPT ‘The man followed the woman.’ |
★ | FOLLOW |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].V |
53 |
(54) Hīɣ qīm posovatuɣolbet. hīɣ man qīm woman du-posovat-u-ɣ-ol-bet 3SG.M.SBJ-help-3SG.F.OBJ-TH-PST-ITER ‘The man helped the woman.’ |
★ | HELP |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
54 |
(55) Qimdɯlʲ dɯlʲ daolsa. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child dɯlʲ child da-o-l-sa 3SG.F.SBJ-3SG.M.OBJ-PST-dress ‘The girl dressed the child.’ |
★ | DRESS |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
55 |
(56) Qimdɯlʲ dɯlʲ dauldolaŋ. qim-dɯlʲ woman-child dɯlʲ child da-ul-d-o-l-gaŋ 3SG.F.SBJ-water-TH-3SG.M.OBJ-PST-wash ‘The girl washed the child.’ |
★ | WASH |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
56 |
(57) Hīɣ qaqtemerolbet. hīɣ man du-qaqtemer-ol-bed 3SG.M.SBJ-cough-PST-make ‘The man coughed.’ |
★ | COUGH |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
57 |
(58) Hīɣ qaˀj tosʲa tkonut. hīɣ man qaˀj hill tosʲa up t-k-on-qut 3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-go ‘The man climbed up the hill.’ |
★ | CLIMB |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
58 |
(59) Dɯlʲ baŋbesʲ toqtetoɣon. dɯlʲ child baŋ-besʲ ground-PROS toqtet-o-ɣ-o-(t)n run-3SG.M.SBJ-TH-PST-go ‘The child ran (on the floor).’ |
★ | RUN |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
59 |
(60) Dɯlʲ deŋolbet. dɯlʲ child d-eŋ-ol-bed 3SG.M.SBJ-jump-PST-make ‘The child jumped.’ |
★ | JUMP |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
60 |
(61) Hiɣdɯlʲ (kulʲtaɣa) dətoɣon. hiɣ-dɯlʲ man-child kulʲta-ɣa road-LOC d-ət-o-qon 3SG.M.SBJ-visible-PST-INCEPT ‘The boy appeared (on the road).’ |
★ | APPEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
61 |
(62) Buŋ dɯlgat thataŋɔŋsivetn. buŋ 3PL dɯlgat children t-hataŋ-ɔŋ-k-si-bed-n 3SBJ-press-3PL.OBJ-TH-PRES-make-ANIM.PL.SBJ ‘They hug the children.’ |
★ | HUG |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
62 |
(63) Hīɣ isnadiŋal ditit. hīɣ man is-na-diŋal fish-POSS.ANIM.PL-ABL d-it-it 3SG.M.SBJ-smell-sense ‘The man smells the fish. / The man catches the scent of the fish.’ |
★ | SMELL |
a Coding frame:
1 2-abl subj[1].V |
63 |
(64) Hīɣ dakūˑl tkava. hīɣ man da-kūˑl 3SG.M.POSS-beard t-k-a-v-a 3SBJ-off-PRES-3INAN.OBJ-shave ‘The man shaves his beard.’ |
★ | CUT |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-instr) subj[1].obj[2].V |
64 |
(65) Āˑm hiɣdɯl daesaɣej. āˑm mother hiɣ-dɯl man-child da-es-a-ɣ-ej 3SG.F.SBJ-out-3SG.M.OBJ-TH-call ‘The mother calls the boy.’ |
★ | CALL |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
65 |
(66) Āˑm dēˑs daimoltijtsa. āˑm mother da-imoltij-bu-t-s-a 3SG.F.SBJ-blink-3SBJ.RFLX-TH-PRES-make ‘Mother blinks.’ |
★ | BLINK |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
66 |
(67) Kʌjdɛŋ sesdiŋa ɔŋɔn. kʌj-dɛŋ hunting-people ses-diŋa river-INAN.ADESS ɔŋ-k-ɔn-den 3ANIM.SBJ-TH-PST-go ‘The hunters went to the river.’ |
★ | GO |
a Coding frame:
1 LOC2 subj[1].V |
67 |
(68) Āˑm dadaʁɔlij. āˑm mother da-daʁ-ɔl-ij 3SG.F.SBJ-laugh-PST-ITER ‘Mother laughed.’ |
★ | LAUGH |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
68 |
(69) Āˑm daesij. āˑm mother da-es-ej 3SG.F.SBJ-out-shout ‘Mother is shouting (out).’ |
★ | SCREAM |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
69 |
(70) Dɯlgat danisten. dɯlgat children d-an-is-de-n 3SBJ-mind-PRES-occupy-ANIM.PL.SBJ ‘Children are playing.’ |
★ | PLAY |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
70 |
(71) Hiɣdɯl daŋsivet. hiɣ-dɯl man-child d-aŋ-si-bed 3SG.M.SBJ-negative.feeling-PRES-make ‘The boy is sad.’ |
★ | BE SAD |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
71 |
(72) Bāˑɣ kivatiŋ. bāˑɣ log k-i-b-a-tiŋ down-PRES-3INAN.SBJ-INTRANS-roll ‘A log is rolling.’ |
★ | ROLL |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
72 |
(73) Qīˑm daulolon. qīˑm woman da-ul-ol-qan 3SG.F.SBJ-wet-PST-become ‘The woman sank. / The woman drowned.’ |
★ | SINK |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
73 |
(74) Bɔˀk inaʁavʁan. bɔˀk fire inaq-a-b-qan burn-PRES-3INAN.SBJ-begin ‘Fire burns. / Fire begins to burn.’ |
★ | BURN |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
74 |
(75) Baˀŋ tɔʁɔjiŋam. baˀŋ ground tɔʁɔjiŋ-am dry-3INAN.SBJ.PRED.AGR ‘The ground is dry.’ |
★ | BE DRY |
a Coding frame:
1 V |
75 |
(76) Bōˑp kʌjket ovɯldu. b-ōˑp my-father kʌj-ket hunting-person ovɯl-du be\PST-3.MASC.SG ‘My father was a hunter.’ |
★ | BE A HUNTER |
a Coding frame:
N/A |
76 |
(77) At talɯn diptet. at 1SG talɯn flour di-b-ted 1SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-grind ‘I grind flour.’ |
★ | GRIND |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
77 |
(78) At tirʌŋ dugdavut. ad 1SG tid-ʌŋ root-PL d-u-gd-a-v-qut 1SG.SBJ-3INAN.OBJ-TH-PRES-TH-dig ‘I dig roots.’ |
★ | DIG |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
78 |
(79) Āˑm hiɣdɯl dateːlajt. āˑm mother hiɣ-dɯl man-child da-teːl-aj-t 3SG.F.SBJ-shove-3SG.M.OBJ-do.once ‘The mother pushes the boy.’ |
★ | PUSH |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (LOC3) subj[1].obj[2].V |
79 |
(80) Qīˑm dɯlgat dasiraqqaŋit. qīˑm woman dɯlgat children da-siraq-q-aŋ-t 3SG.F.SBJ-teach-into-3ANIM.PL.OBJ-put.MOM ‘The woman teaches the children.’ |
★ | TEACH |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
80 |
(81) At uɣil qaan baɣabda. at 1SG uɣ-il 2SG-ABL qaan words ba-ɣ-a-b-da 1SG.SBJ-TH-PRES-TH-hear ‘I hear you. / I hear your words.’ |
★ | HEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
81 |
(82) Āˑm aːl daənɢivit. āˑm mother aːl soup da-ən-q-i-b-t 3SG.F.SBJ-cook-into-PRES-3INAN.OBJ-put.MOM ‘Mother cooks soup.’ |
★ | COOK |
a Coding frame:
1 2 subj[1].obj[2].V |
82 |
(83) Aːl uɣaʁan. aːl soup u-k-a-qan 3INAN.SBJ-TH-PRES-boil ‘The soup is boiling. / The soup is cooking.’ |
★ | BOIL |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
83 |
(84) Qīˑm bāˑɣ dakiptiŋ. qīˑm woman bāˑɣ log da-k-i-b-tiŋ 3SG.F.SBJ-TH-PRES-3INAN.OBJ-roll ‘The woman rolls a log.’ |
★ | ROLL |
an Alternation:
Causative |
84 |
(85) Isqo keˀt daŋbuːna. isqo fishing keˀt man d-aŋ-bu-k-in-a 3SG.M.SBJ-tie-3SBJ.RFLX-TH-PST-put.MOM ‘The fisherman tethered himself.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Reflexive/Reciprocal Alternation |
85 |
(86) Thataŋbuksivetn. t-hataŋ-bu-k-si-bed-n 3SBJ-close-3SBJ.RFLX-TH-PRES-make-ANIM.PL.SBJ ‘They hug each other. / They hug themselves.’ |
★ | HUG |
an Alternation:
Reflexive/Reciprocal Alternation |
86 |
(87) Isqo deˀŋ daŋbuːnan. isqo fishing deˀŋ people d-aŋ-bu-k-in-a-n 3SBJ-tie-3SBJ.RFLX-TH-PST-put.MOM-ANIM.PL.SBJ ‘The fishermen tethered each other.’ |
★ | TIE |
an Alternation:
Reflexive/Reciprocal Alternation |
87 |
(88) Keˀt tsuna. keˀt person t-sun-a 3SBJ-hazel.grouse-eat ‘The person is eating grouse meat.’ |
★ | EAT |
an Alternation:
Incorporation |
88 |
(89) Āˑm hiɣdɯl dadaqqajit. āˑm mother hiɣ-dɯl man-child da-daq-q-aj-t 3SG.F.SBJ-laugh-CAUS-3SG.M.OBJ-do.once ‘The mother causes the boy to start laughing (once).’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
89 |
(90) Āˑm hiɣdɯl dadaqqajda. āˑm mother hiɣ-dɯl man-child da-daq-q-aj-da 3SG.F.SBJ-laugh-CAUS-3SG.M.OBJ-ITER ‘The mother causes the boy to start laughing (regularly).’ |
★ | LAUGH |
an Alternation:
Causative |
90 |
(91) Ad eŋqoŋ diksives. ad 1SG eŋqoŋ today d-ik-si-bes 1SG-into.open.space-PRES-pass ‘I come today.’ |
★ | COME (1) |
a Coding frame:
1 subj[1].V |
91 |
(92) Ad op eŋqoŋ diɣoksives. ad 1SG op father eŋqoŋ today d-ik-o-k-si-bes 1SG-into.open.space-3.MASC.OBJ-with/TH-PRES-pass ‘I come with (=bring) father today.’ |
★ | COME (1) |
an Alternation:
Comitative Alternation |
92 |
(93) Lʲa’m abəbed. lʲa’m table a-b-ə-bed PRES-3INAN.SBJ-RES-wipe ‘The table is wiped off.’ |
★ | WIPE |
an Alternation:
Resultative |
93 |
(94) At lʲa’m dabbet. ad 1SG lʲa’m table d-a-b-bed 1.SBJ-PRES-3INAN.SBJ-wipe ‘I wiped the table.’ |
★ | WIPE |
a Coding frame:
1 2 (3-abl) subj[1].obj[2].V |
94 |
(95) Hīɣdɯlʲ tiɣdaŋal tqoranejolbet. hīɣ boy dɯlʲ child tiɣ-daŋal snake-MASC.SG:ABL t-qoranej-ol-bed 3SBJ-fear-PST-make ‘The boy was afraid of the snake.’ |
★ | FEAR |
a Coding frame:
1 2-abl subj[1].V |
95 |