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  • Verb meanings 
      Show all Verb meanings or select one of the 80 core meanings:
    • ASK FOR
    • BE A HUNTER
    • BEAT
    • BE DRY
    • BE HUNGRY
    • BE SAD
    • BLINK
    • BOIL
    • BREAK
    • BRING
    • BUILD
    • BURN
    • CARRY
    • CLIMB
    • COOK
    • COUGH
    • COVER
    • CUT
    • DIE
    • DIG
    • DRESS
    • EAT
    • FEAR
    • FEEL COLD
    • FEEL PAIN
    • FILL
    • FOLLOW
    • FRIGHTEN
    • GIVE
    • GO
    • GRIND
    • HEAR
    • HELP
    • HIDE
    • HIT
    • HUG
    • JUMP
    • KILL
    • KNOW
    • LAUGH
    • LEAVE
    • LIKE
    • LIVE
    • LOAD
    • LOOK AT
    • MEET
    • NAME
    • PEEL
    • PLAY
    • POUR
    • PUSH
    • PUT
    • RAIN
    • ROLL
    • RUN
    • SAY
    • SCREAM
    • SEARCH FOR
    • SEE
    • SEND
    • SHAVE (a body part/person)
    • SHOUT AT
    • SHOW
    • SING
    • SINK
    • SIT
    • SIT DOWN
    • SMELL
    • STEAL
    • TAKE
    • TALK
    • TEACH
    • TEAR
    • TELL
    • THINK
    • THROW
    • TIE
    • TOUCH
    • WASH
    • WIPE
  • All Coding frames
  • Microroles
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    • Data set for Japanese (standard) (zipped TSV files)
    • Data set for all languages (zipped TSV files)
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  • Japanese (standard)
  • Verb forms 
      Show all 79 Verb forms or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
    • ASK FOR motomeru
    • BE A HUNTER no verbal counterpart
    • BEAT tataku
    • BE DRY kawaku
    • BE HUNGRY onaka-ga suku
    • BE SAD kanasii
    • BLINK mabataki-o suru
    • BOIL waku
    • BREAK kowasu
    • BRING mot-te kuru
    • BUILD tateru
    • BURN moeru
    • CARRY hakobu
    • CLIMB noboru
    • COOK ryoori-suru
    • COUGH seki-o suru
    • COVER kurumu
    • CUT kiru
    • DIE sinu
    • DIG horu
    • DRESS kiseru
    • EAT taberu
    • FEAR kowagaru
    • FEEL COLD samui
    • FEEL PAIN itai
    • FILL mitasu
    • FOLLOW ato-ni tuzuku
    • FRIGHTEN kowagaraseru
    • GIVE ataeru
    • GO iku
    • GRIND hiku
    • HEAR kiku
    • HELP tetudau
    • HIDE kakusu
    • HIT tataku
    • HUG dakisimeru
    • JUMP tobiagaru
    • KILL korosu
    • KNOW siru
    • LAUGH warau
    • LEAVE saru
    • LIKE ki-ni-iru
    • LIVE sumu
    • LOAD tumu
    • LOOK AT miru
    • MEET au
    • NAME yobu
    • PEEL muku
    • PLAY asobu
    • POUR sosogu
    • PUSH osu
    • PUT oku
    • RAIN (ame-ga) huru
    • ROLL korogaru
    • RUN hasiru
    • SAY yuu
    • SCREAM sakebi-goe-o ageru
    • SEARCH FOR sagasu
    • SEE mieru
    • SEND okuru
    • SHAVE (a body part/person) soru
    • SHOUT AT sakebu
    • SHOW miseru
    • SING utau
    • SINK sizumu
    • SIT suwaru
    • SIT DOWN kosi-o orosu
    • SMELL nioi-o kagu
    • STEAL nusumu
    • TAKE toru
    • TALK hanasu
    • TEACH osieru
    • TEAR yaburu
    • TELL tugeru
    • THINK kangaeru
    • THROW nageru
    • TIE tunagu
    • TOUCH sawaru
    • WASH arau
    • WIPE hukitoru
  • Coding frames
  • Coding sets
  • Alternations
  • Examples

Basic Coding frame

1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V
# Coding set Argument type
1 NP-nom A
2 NP-instr I
3 NP-acc P
Derived Coding frames via
3-nom (2-instr) passV'
Direct Passivization Promoting O-marked argument
1-nom (2-instr) 3-acc V'pot
Potential Formation
3-nom V'decr
Argument-Decreasing Alternation

Verb forms with this basic Coding frame

Verb form Verb meaning Microrole 1 Microrole 2 Microrole 3
tateru BUILD builder building material built thing
kowasu BREAK breaker breaking instrument broken thing
korosu KILL killer killing instrument killee
tataku BEAT beater beating instrument beatee
tataku HIT hitter hitting instrument hittee
kiru CUT cutter cutting instrument cut thing
kurumu COVER coverer covered thing cover
Logo_minerva     Cc-by
Valency Patterns Leipzig online database is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley
and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.