hor-u (1)

Coding frame

1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V

Simplex Verb form

Example

Ore uena hadagesa medo hotta.

ore

1sg.NOM

ue=na

above=ADNLOC

hadage=sa

field=DAT

medo

hole.ACC

hot-ta

dig-PST

‘I dug a hole in the field above.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	DIG	Coding set	Argument type
1	digger	NP-nom	A
2	digging place	NP-dat	L
3	dug hole/ground	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C causative more info	RRegularly	hor-ase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'rase	(257) Ore arenge uena hadagesa medo horaseda. ‘I made her/him dig a hole in the field above.’ ★
C lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	NNever		y
C lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C indirect passive more info	NNever		y
C potential more info	RRegularly	hor-e-ru	y	1-exp (2-dat) 3-acc V'pot	(258) Arengani sunguni medo horeru. ‘She/he can dig a hole soon.’ ★
U Object insertion more info	NNever		n
C Direct passive more info	NNever		y