kake-ru

Coding frame

1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V

Simplex Verb form

Example

Sono otokoga kodomoni mo:huo kaketa.

sono

that

otoko=ga

man=NOM

kodomo=ni

child=DAT

mo:hu=o

blanket=ACC

kake-ta

cover-PST

‘That man covered the child with a blanket.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	COVER	Coding set	Argument type
1	coverer	NP-nom	A
2	covered thing	NP-dat	L
3	cover	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Anticausative with /rasar/ more info	NNever		y
C Causative more info	RRegularly	kake-sase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	(221) Darekaga sono otokoni kodomoni mo:huo kakesaseta. ‘Someone made that man cover the child with the blanket.’ ★
C Lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C DO passive more info	RRegularly	kake-rare-ru	y	3-nom 1-niyotte 2-dat V'pass	(224) Sono otokoniyotte mo:huga kodomoni kakerareta. ‘The blanket was put on the child by that man.’ ★
C Potential (ability) more info	RRegularly	kake-rare-ru	y	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V'pot	(225) Utino hahawa sotto sizukani kodomoni mo:huo kakerareru. ‘My mother can cover the child with the blanket quietly.’ ★
C IO passive more info	RRegularly		y	2-nom 3-acc 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	(223) Kodomoga mo:huo sono otoko{ni/niyotte} kakerareta. ‘The child was covered with a blanket by that man.’ ★
C potential (property) more info	RRegularly		y	3-nom 2-dat V'pot	(226) Mo:huga kodomoni kakerareru. ‘The blanket is suitable for covering the child.’ ★
C Lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	RRegularly	kakar-u	y		(222) Mo:huga kodomoni kakatteru. ‘The blanket is covering the child.’ ★