tunag-u

Coding frame

1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V

Simplex Verb form

Example

Sono otokoga umao kini tunaida.

sono

that

otoko=ga

man=NOM

uma=o

horse=ACC

ki=ni

tree=DAT

tunai-da

tie-PST

‘That man tied the horse to the tree.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TIE	Coding set	Argument type
1	tier	NP-nom	A
2	tied thing	NP-dat	L
3	tying goal	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Anticausative with /rasar/ more info	RRegularly	tunag-asar-u	y	3-nom 2-dat V'anticaus	(199) Umaga kini tunagasatta. ‘The horse got tied to the tree.’ ★
C Causative more info	RRegularly	tunag-ase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	(200) Darekaga sono otokoni umao kini tunagaseta. ‘Someone made that man tie the horse to the tree.’ ★
C Lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C DO passive more info	RRegularly	tunag-are-ru	y	3-nom 1-niyotte 2-dat V'pass	(202) Umaga sono otokoniyotte kini tunagareta. ‘The horse was tied to the tree by that man.’ ★
C Potential (ability) more info	RRegularly	tunag-e-ru	y	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V'pot	(203) Sono otokowa umao kini tunageru. ‘That man can tie the horse to the tree.’ ★
C IO passive more info	NNever		y
C potential (property) more info	RRegularly		y	3-nom 2-dat V'pot	(204) Sono umawa kini tunageru. ‘The horse is easy to tie to the tree.’ ★
C Lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	RRegularly	tunagar-u	y		(201) Umaga kini tunagatteru. ‘The horse is tied to the tree.’ ★