nage-ru

Coding frame

1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V

Simplex Verb form

Example

Sono otokoga madoni isio nageta.

sono

that

otoko=ga

man=NOM

mado=ni

window=DAT

isi=o

stone=ACC

nage-ta

throw-PST

‘That man threw a stone at the window.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	THROW	Coding set	Argument type
1	thrower	NP-nom	A
2	throwing goal	NP-dat	L
3	thrown thing	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Anticausative with /rasar/ more info	NNever		y
C Causative more info	RRegularly	nage-sase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	(194) Darekaga sono otokoni isio madoni nagesaseta. ‘Someone made that man throw the stone at the window.’ ★
C Lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	NNever		y
C Lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C DO passive more info	RRegularly	nage-rare-ru	y	3-nom 1-niyotte 2-dat V'pass	(195) Sono otokoniyotte isiga madoni nagerareta. ‘The stone was thrown at the window by that man.’ ★
C Potential (ability) more info	RRegularly	nage-{rare/re}-ru	y	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V'pot	(196) Sono otokowa isio madoni nage(ra)reru. ‘That man can throw the stone at the window.’ ★
C IO passive more info	NNever		y
C potential (property) more info	RRegularly		y	3-nom 2-dat V'pot	(197) Omotakunaikara sono isiwa madoni nagerareru. ‘Because it is not heavy, that stone can be thrown at the window.’ ★