hikitigir-u

Coding frame

1-nom 2-abl 3-acc V

Example

Sono musumega hon{kara/no} pe:zio hikitigitta.

sono

that

musume=ga

girl=NOM

hon={kara/no}

book={ABL/GEN}

pe:zi=o

page=ACC

hikitigit-ta

tear-PST

‘That girl tore the page from the book.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	TEAR	Coding set	Argument type
1	tearer	NP-nom	A
2	tearing source	NP-abl	X
3	torn thing	NP-acc	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Anticausative with /rasar/ more info	RRegularly	hikitigir-asar-u	y	3-nom 2-abl V'anticaus	(151) Hon{no/kara} pe:ziga hikitigirasatta. ‘The page of the book got torn.’ ★
C Causative more info	RRegularly	hikitigir-ase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-abl 3-acc V'caus	(152) Darekaga sono musumeni hon{no/kara} pe:zio hikitigiraseta. ‘Someone made that girl tear the page from the book.’ ★
C Lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	NNever		y
C Lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C DO passive more info	RRegularly	hikitigir-are-ru	y	3-nom 2-abl 1-dat/niyotte V'pass	(153) Hon{kara/no} pe:ziga sono musumeni hikitigirareta. ‘The page of the book was torn by that girl.’ ★
C Potential (ability) more info	RRegularly	hikitigir-e-ru	y	1-nom 2-abl 3-acc V'pot	(154) Sono musumewa, kowaimonosirazudakara, donna daizina hondemo hikitigireru. ‘Because she is fearless, that girl can tear even the very expensive books.’ ★
C IO passive more info	NNever		y
C potential (property) more info	RRegularly		y	3-nom V'pot	(155) Ano honno pe:ziwa hikitigireru. ‘That book's pages tear easily.’ ★