war-u

Coding frame

1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V

Simplex Verb form

Example

Sono syo:nenga iside madoo watta.

sono

that

syo:nen=ga

boy=NOM

isi=de

stone=INST

mado=o

window=ACC

wat-ta

break-PST

‘That boy broke the window with a stone.’

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	BREAK	Coding set	Argument type
1	breaker	NP-nom	A
2	broken thing	NP-acc	P
3	breaking instrument	NP-instr	I

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

Filter by type:

Filter by occurrence:

Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
C Causative more info	RRegularly	war-ase-ru	y	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus	(113) Darekaga syo:nenni madoo iside waraseta. ‘Someone made the boy break the window with a stone.’ ★
C Lexical argument decreasing alternation more info	RRegularly	ware-ru	y		(114) Madoga wareta. ‘The window broke.’ ★ (419) *Madoga iside wareta. ‘The window broke.’ ★
C Lexical argument increasing alternation more info	NNever	N/A	y
C DO passive more info	RRegularly	war-are-ru	y	2-nom 1-dat/niyotte 3-instr V'pass	(115) Madoga syo:nenniyotte iside warareta. ‘The window was broken by the boy.’ ★
C Potential (ability) more info	RRegularly	war-e-ru	y	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V'pot	(116) Syo:nenwa madoo iside wareru. ‘The boy can break the window with a stone.’ ★
C IO passive more info	NNever		y
C potential (property) more info	RRegularly		y	2-nom 3-instr V'pot	(117) Madowa iside wareru. ‘The window is easy to break with a stone.’ ★
C Anticausative with /rasar/ more info	RRegularly	war-asar-u	y	2-nom 3-instr V'anticaus	(112) Madoga warasatta. ‘The window got broken.’ ★ (417) *Madoga iside warasatta. ‘The window got broken.’ ★