Logo_valpal_100
  • Language contributions 
    • All languages
    • Ainu
    • Balinese
    • Bezhta
    • Bora
    • Chintang
    • Eastern Armenian
    • Emai
    • English
    • Even
    • Evenki
    • German
    • Hokkaido Japanese
    • Hoocąk
    • Icelandic
    • Italian
    • Jakarta Indonesian
    • Jaminjung
    • Japanese (standard)
    • Ket
    • Korean
    • Mandarin Chinese
    • Mandinka
    • Mapudungun
    • Mitsukaido Japanese
    • Modern Standard Arabic
    • Nen
    • Nǀǀng
    • Ojibwe
    • Russian
    • Sliammon
    • Sri Lanka Malay
    • Xârâcùù
    • Yaqui
    • Yorùbá
    • Yucatec Maya
    • Zenzontepec Chatino
  • Verb meanings 
      Show all Verb meanings or select one of the 80 core meanings:
    • ASK FOR
    • BE A HUNTER
    • BEAT
    • BE DRY
    • BE HUNGRY
    • BE SAD
    • BLINK
    • BOIL
    • BREAK
    • BRING
    • BUILD
    • BURN
    • CARRY
    • CLIMB
    • COOK
    • COUGH
    • COVER
    • CUT
    • DIE
    • DIG
    • DRESS
    • EAT
    • FEAR
    • FEEL COLD
    • FEEL PAIN
    • FILL
    • FOLLOW
    • FRIGHTEN
    • GIVE
    • GO
    • GRIND
    • HEAR
    • HELP
    • HIDE
    • HIT
    • HUG
    • JUMP
    • KILL
    • KNOW
    • LAUGH
    • LEAVE
    • LIKE
    • LIVE
    • LOAD
    • LOOK AT
    • MEET
    • NAME
    • PEEL
    • PLAY
    • POUR
    • PUSH
    • PUT
    • RAIN
    • ROLL
    • RUN
    • SAY
    • SCREAM
    • SEARCH FOR
    • SEE
    • SEND
    • SHAVE (a body part/person)
    • SHOUT AT
    • SHOW
    • SING
    • SINK
    • SIT
    • SIT DOWN
    • SMELL
    • STEAL
    • TAKE
    • TALK
    • TEACH
    • TEAR
    • TELL
    • THINK
    • THROW
    • TIE
    • TOUCH
    • WASH
    • WIPE
  • All Coding frames
  • Microroles
  • About 
    • Project description
    • Database manual
    • Credits
    • Contact
    • Imprint
    • Browser Support
  • Export 
    • Data set for Hokkaido Japanese (zipped TSV files)
    • Data set for all languages (zipped TSV files)
    • Data set for all languages (zipped SQLite3 file)
  • Hokkaido Japanese
  • Verb forms 
      Show all 94 Verb forms or choose by Verb meaning (80 core meanings shown):
    • ASK FOR motome-ru
    • BE A HUNTER karyu:do=da
    • BEAT tatak-u
    • BE DRY kawak-u
    • BE HUNGRY onaka=ga her-u, onaka=o sukase-ru
    • BE SAD kanasi-i
    • BLINK mabataki=o su-ru
    • BOIL wak-u
    • BREAK war-u
    • BRING motteik-u
    • BUILD tate-ru
    • BURN moe-ru, yake-ru
    • CARRY hakob-u
    • CLIMB nobor-u, nobor-u (2)
    • COOK ryo:ri su-ru
    • COUGH seki=o su-ru
    • COVER kake-ru
    • CUT kir-u
    • DIE sin-u
    • DIG hor-u (1), hor-u (2)
    • DRESS kise-ru
    • EAT tabe-ru
    • FEAR kowagar-u
    • FEEL COLD samugar-u
    • FEEL PAIN ita-i/itam-u
    • FILL mitas-u (1), mitas-u (2)
    • FOLLOW oikake-ru, tui-te ik-u
    • FRIGHTEN kowagarase-ru
    • GIVE kure-ru, yar-u
    • GO ik-u
    • GRIND sur-u
    • HEAR kikoe-ru
    • HELP tasuke-ru, tetuda(w)-u
    • HIDE kakus-u
    • HIT tatak-u
    • HUG dakituk-u
    • JUMP hane-ru
    • KILL koros-u
    • KNOW sir-u
    • LAUGH wara(w)-u
    • LEAVE de-te ik-u
    • LIKE ki=ni ir-u, suki=da
    • LIVE sum-u
    • LOAD tum-u
    • LOOK AT mi-ru
    • MEET a(w)-u
    • NAME yob-u
    • PEEL muk-u
    • PLAY asob-u
    • POUR tug-u
    • PUSH os-u, os-u (2)
    • PUT ok-u
    • RAIN ame=ga hur-u
    • ROLL korogar-u
    • RUN hasir-u
    • SAY i(w)-u
    • SCREAM sakeb-u
    • SEARCH FOR sagas-u
    • SEE mi-ru
    • SEND okur-u
    • SHAVE (a body part/person) sor-u
    • SHOUT AT donar-u
    • SHOW mise-ru
    • SING uta(w)-u
    • SINK sizum-u
    • SIT (no counterpart)
    • SIT DOWN kosikake-ru, suwar-u
    • SMELL kag-u
    • STEAL nusum-u
    • TAKE mog-u, tor-u
    • TALK hanas-u
    • TEACH osie-ru
    • TEAR hikitigir-u
    • TELL hanas-u
    • THINK kangae-ru
    • THROW nage-ru
    • TIE tunag-u
    • TOUCH sawar-u
    • WASH ara(w)-u
    • WIPE huk-u, huk-u (2)
  • Coding frames
  • Coding sets
  • Alternations
  • Examples

Basic Coding frame

1-nom 2-acc V
# Coding set Argument type
1 NP-nom A
2 NP-acc P
Derived Coding frames via
2-nom 1-dat/niyotte V'pass
IO passive DO passive
4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause
Causative
2-nom V'anticaus
Anticausative with /rasar/
2-nom V'pot
potential (property)
1-nom 2-acc V'pot
Potential (ability)

Verb forms with this basic Coding frame

Verb form Verb meaning Microrole 1 Microrole 2
tabe-ru EAT eater eaten food
mi-ru LOOK AT looker looked at entity
mi-ru SEE seeer seen entity
kag-u SMELL smeller smelled entity
kowagar-u FEAR fearer fear stimulus
kowagarase-ru FRIGHTEN frightener frightenee
sir-u KNOW knower known thing/person
sagas-u SEARCH FOR searcher searched for thing
ara(w)-u WASH washer washed entity
sor-u SHAVE (a body part/person) shaver (of body part) shaved body part
tasuke-ru HELP helper helpee
tetuda(w)-u HELP helper helpee
oikake-ru FOLLOW follower followee
donar-u SHOUT AT shouter shoutee
tate-ru BUILD builder built thing
muk-u PEEL peeler peeled object
kakus-u HIDE hider hidden thing
ki=ni ir-u LIKE liker liked entity
nobor-u (2) CLIMB climber climbing goal
uta(w)-u SING singer song
de-te ik-u LEAVE leaver left place/person
kanasim-u BE SAD ABOUT sad person (about) sad about thing
korogas-u ROLL (tr) roller (tr) rolling thing (tr)
sizume-ru SINK (tr) sink-(caus)er (tr) sunken entity (tr)
yak-u BURN (tr) burner (tr) burnt thing (tr)
sur-u GRIND grinder ground thing
huk-u WIPE wiper wiping surface
hor-u (1) DIG digger dug up thing
hor-u (2) DIG digger dug up thing
os-u PUSH pusher pushee
os-u (2) PUSH pusher pushee
nusum-u STEAL stealer stolen thing
ryo:ri su-ru COOK cooker cooked food
wakas-u BOIL (tr) boiler (tr) boiled thing (tr)
huk-u (2) WIPE wiper wiping surface
Logo_minerva     Cc-by
Valency Patterns Leipzig online database is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley
and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.