Coding frames of Hokkaido Japanese
Coding frame | Alternations | derived | arg_count | #Vs | Verb meanings & Verb forms |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | Basic | 2 | 34 |
BE SAD ABOUT (kanasim-u)
BOIL (tr) (wakas-u)
BUILD (tate-ru)
BURN (tr) (yak-u)
CLIMB (nobor-u (2))
COOK (ryo:ri su-ru)
EAT (tabe-ru)
FEAR (kowagar-u)
FOLLOW (oikake-ru)
FRIGHTEN (kowagarase-ru)
GRIND (sur-u)
HELP (tasuke-ru, tetuda(w)-u)
HIDE (kakus-u)
KNOW (sir-u)
LEAVE (de-te ik-u)
LIKE (ki=ni ir-u)
LOOK AT (mi-ru)
PEEL (muk-u)
ROLL (tr) (korogas-u)
SEARCH FOR (sagas-u)
SEE (mi-ru)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (sor-u)
SHOUT AT (donar-u)
SING (uta(w)-u)
SINK (tr) (sizume-ru)
SMELL (kag-u)
STEAL (nusum-u)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 2 | 8 |
CLIMB (nobor-u)
FOLLOW (tui-te ik-u)
GO (ik-u)
HEAR (kikoe-ru)
HUG (dakituk-u)
LIVE (sum-u)
SIT DOWN (kosikake-ru)
TOUCH (sawar-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 2 | 2 |
FEEL PAIN (ita-i/itam-u)
LIKE (suki=da)
|
|
– | Basic | 2 | 1 |
THINK (kangae-ru)
|
|
– | Basic | 3 | 17 |
ASK FOR (motome-ru)
BRING (motteik-u)
CARRY (hakob-u)
COVER (kake-ru)
DRESS (kise-ru)
FILL (mitas-u (1))
LOAD (tum-u)
POUR (tug-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TEACH (osie-ru)
TELL (hanas-u)
THROW (nage-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 2 | 1 |
MEET (a(w)-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 3 | 1 |
SAY (i(w)-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 3 | 1 |
NAME (yob-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 3 | 3 |
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 3 | 5 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
CUT (kir-u)
FILL (mitas-u (2))
HIT (tatak-u)
KILL (koros-u)
|
|
– | Basic | 1 | 21 |
BE A HUNTER (karyu:do=da)
BE DRY (kawak-u)
BE HUNGRY (onaka=ga her-u, onaka=o sukase-ru)
BE SAD (kanasi-i)
BLINK (mabataki=o su-ru)
BOIL (wak-u)
COUGH (seki=o su-ru)
DIE (sin-u)
FEEL COLD (samugar-u)
JUMP (hane-ru)
LAUGH (wara(w)-u)
PLAY (asob-u)
RAIN (ame=ga hur-u)
ROLL (korogar-u)
RUN (hasir-u)
SCREAM (sakeb-u)
SINK (sizum-u)
SIT DOWN (suwar-u)
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 3 | 3 |
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 3 | 4 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
FILL (mitas-u (2))
HIT (tatak-u)
KILL (koros-u)
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 3 | 1 |
NAME (yob-u)
|
|
IO passive DO passive | Derived | 2 | 29 |
BE SAD ABOUT (kanasim-u)
BUILD (tate-ru)
COOK (ryo:ri su-ru)
DIG (hor-u (1))
EAT (tabe-ru)
FEAR (kowagar-u)
FOLLOW (oikake-ru, tui-te ik-u)
FRIGHTEN (kowagarase-ru)
GRIND (sur-u)
HELP (tasuke-ru, tetuda(w)-u)
HIDE (kakus-u)
HUG (dakituk-u)
KNOW (sir-u)
LIKE (ki=ni ir-u)
LOOK AT (mi-ru)
PEEL (muk-u)
PUSH (os-u)
ROLL (tr) (korogas-u)
SEARCH FOR (sagas-u)
SEE (mi-ru)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (sor-u)
SHOUT AT (donar-u)
SING (uta(w)-u)
SINK (tr) (sizume-ru)
STEAL (nusum-u)
TOUCH (sawar-u)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
WIPE (huk-u (2))
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 3 | 15 |
ASK FOR (motome-ru)
BRING (motteik-u)
CARRY (hakob-u)
COVER (kake-ru)
DRESS (kise-ru)
FILL (mitas-u (1))
LOAD (tum-u)
POUR (tug-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TEACH (osie-ru)
TELL (hanas-u)
THROW (nage-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 2 | 2 |
LIKE (suki=da)
THINK (kangae-ru)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 4 | 3 |
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 4 | 5 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
CUT (kir-u)
FILL (mitas-u (2))
HIT (tatak-u)
KILL (koros-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 4 | 1 |
NAME (yob-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 3 | 32 |
BOIL (tr) (wakas-u)
BUILD (tate-ru)
BURN (tr) (yak-u)
CLIMB (nobor-u (2))
COOK (ryo:ri su-ru)
EAT (tabe-ru)
FEAR (kowagar-u)
FOLLOW (oikake-ru)
FRIGHTEN (kowagarase-ru)
GRIND (sur-u)
HELP (tasuke-ru, tetuda(w)-u)
HIDE (kakus-u)
LEAVE (de-te ik-u)
LIKE (ki=ni ir-u)
LOOK AT (mi-ru)
PEEL (muk-u)
ROLL (tr) (korogas-u)
SEARCH FOR (sagas-u)
SEE (mi-ru)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (sor-u)
SHOUT AT (donar-u)
SING (uta(w)-u)
SINK (tr) (sizume-ru)
SMELL (kag-u)
STEAL (nusum-u)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 3 | 1 |
MEET (a(w)-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 4 | 15 |
ASK FOR (motome-ru)
BRING (motteik-u)
CARRY (hakob-u)
COVER (kake-ru)
DRESS (kise-ru)
FILL (mitas-u (1))
LOAD (tum-u)
POUR (tug-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TEACH (osie-ru)
TELL (hanas-u)
THROW (nage-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 3 | 7 |
CLIMB (nobor-u)
FOLLOW (tui-te ik-u)
GO (ik-u)
HUG (dakituk-u)
LIVE (sum-u)
SIT DOWN (kosikake-ru)
TOUCH (sawar-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 3 | 1 |
THINK (kangae-ru)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 2 | 11 |
DIE (sin-u)
FEEL COLD (samugar-u)
JUMP (hane-ru)
LAUGH (wara(w)-u)
PLAY (asob-u)
RAIN (ame=ga hur-u)
ROLL (korogar-u)
RUN (hasir-u)
SCREAM (sakeb-u)
SINK (sizum-u)
SIT DOWN (suwar-u)
|
|
Anticausative with /rasar/ | Derived | 2 | 2 |
TAKE (mog-u)
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
Anticausative with /rasar/ | Derived | 2 | 4 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
CUT (kir-u)
FILL (mitas-u (2))
HIT (tatak-u)
|
|
Anticausative with /rasar/ | Derived | 1 | 14 |
BOIL (tr) (wakas-u)
BUILD (tate-ru)
BURN (tr) (yak-u)
GRIND (sur-u)
PEEL (muk-u)
PUSH (os-u (2))
ROLL (tr) (korogas-u)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (sor-u)
SINK (tr) (sizume-ru)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
|
|
Anticausative with /rasar/ | Derived | 2 | 9 |
CARRY (hakob-u)
DRESS (kise-ru)
FILL (mitas-u (1))
LOAD (tum-u)
POUR (tug-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
Anticausative with /rasar/ | Derived | 1 | 3 |
BE DRY (kawak-u)
BOIL (wak-u)
SINK (sizum-u)
|
|
IO passive | Derived | 3 | 1 |
TAKE (tor-u)
|
|
IO passive | Derived | 3 | 7 |
ASK FOR (motome-ru)
COVER (kake-ru)
DRESS (kise-ru)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TEACH (osie-ru)
TELL (hanas-u)
|
|
potential (property) | Derived | 1 | 2 |
TAKE (mog-u)
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
potential (property) | Derived | 2 | 3 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
CUT (kir-u)
HIT (tatak-u)
|
|
potential (property) | Derived | 2 | 1 |
NAME (yob-u)
|
|
potential (property) | Derived | 1 | 15 |
BURN (tr) (yak-u)
EAT (tabe-ru)
FRIGHTEN (kowagarase-ru)
HELP (tasuke-ru)
HIDE (kakus-u)
HUG (dakituk-u)
LIVE (sum-u)
LOOK AT (mi-ru)
PUSH (os-u (2))
SEARCH FOR (sagas-u)
SEE (mi-ru)
SING (uta(w)-u)
TOUCH (sawar-u)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
|
|
potential (property) | Derived | 2 | 10 |
BRING (motteik-u)
COVER (kake-ru)
GIVE (yar-u)
LOAD (tum-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TELL (hanas-u)
THROW (nage-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
potential (property) Potential (ability) | Derived | 1 | 10 |
BE DRY (kawak-u)
BURN (moe-ru)
DIE (sin-u)
JUMP (hane-ru)
LAUGH (wara(w)-u)
PLAY (asob-u)
ROLL (korogar-u)
RUN (hasir-u)
SCREAM (sakeb-u)
SIT DOWN (suwar-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 3 | 3 |
TEAR (hikitigir-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 3 | 5 |
BEAT (tatak-u)
BREAK (war-u)
CUT (kir-u)
FILL (mitas-u (2))
HIT (tatak-u)
KILL (koros-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 3 | 1 |
NAME (yob-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 2 | 30 |
BOIL (tr) (wakas-u)
BUILD (tate-ru)
BURN (tr) (yak-u)
CLIMB (nobor-u (2))
COOK (ryo:ri su-ru)
EAT (tabe-ru)
FOLLOW (oikake-ru)
FRIGHTEN (kowagarase-ru)
GRIND (sur-u)
HELP (tasuke-ru, tetuda(w)-u)
HIDE (kakus-u)
LEAVE (de-te ik-u)
LOOK AT (mi-ru)
PEEL (muk-u)
ROLL (tr) (korogas-u)
SEARCH FOR (sagas-u)
SEE (mi-ru)
SHAVE (a body part/person) (sor-u)
SHOUT AT (donar-u)
SING (uta(w)-u)
SINK (tr) (sizume-ru)
SMELL (kag-u)
STEAL (nusum-u)
WASH (ara(w)-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 2 | 1 |
MEET (a(w)-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 3 | 16 |
ASK FOR (motome-ru)
BRING (motteik-u)
CARRY (hakob-u)
COVER (kake-ru)
DRESS (kise-ru)
FILL (mitas-u (1))
GIVE (yar-u)
LOAD (tum-u)
POUR (tug-u)
PUT (ok-u)
SEND (okur-u)
SHOW (mise-ru)
TALK (hanas-u)
TEACH (osie-ru)
TELL (hanas-u)
THROW (nage-ru)
TIE (tunag-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 3 | 1 |
SAY (i(w)-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 2 | 7 |
CLIMB (nobor-u)
FOLLOW (tui-te ik-u)
GO (ik-u)
HUG (dakituk-u)
LIVE (sum-u)
SIT DOWN (kosikake-ru)
TOUCH (sawar-u)
|
|
Potential (ability) | Derived | 2 | 1 |
THINK (kangae-ru)
|
|
DO passive | Derived | 3 | 1 |
SAY (i(w)-u)
|
|
Causative | Derived | 4 | 1 |
SAY (i(w)-u)
|
|
IO passive | Derived | 3 | 1 |
SAY (i(w)-u)
|