Causative C

Description

A-nom (L-dat) X-acc V <> C-nom A-dat (L-dat) P-acc V-sase
A-nom L/R-dat T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat R/L-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom L-acc P-inst V <> C-nom A-dat L-acc P-inst V-sase
A-nom L-acc V <> C-nom A-{acc/dat} L-abl V-sase
A-nom L-acc V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc V-sase
A-nom L-dat P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc L-dat V-sase
A-nom L-dat T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat L-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom L-dat V <> C-nom A-{dat/acc} L-dat V-sase
A-nom L-dat V <> C-nom A-acc P-dat V-sase
A-nom P-acc L-dat V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc L-dat V-sase
A-nom P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc V-sase
A-nom P-dat V <> C-nom A-acc P-dat V-sase
A-nom R-dat P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat R-dat P-acc V-sase
A-nom R-dat T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat R-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom R-gen=tokoro-dat T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat R-gen=tokoro-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom R-gen-tokoro-dat T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat R-gen-tokoro-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom T-acc V <> C-nom A-dat T-acc V-sase
A-nom X-{com/dat} V <> C-nom A-acc X-{com/dat} V-sase
A-nom X-abl P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc V-sase
A-nom X-abl P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat X-abl P-acc V-sase
A-nom X-abl P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat X-abl T-acc V-sase
A-nom X-acc V <> C-nom A-dat X-acc V-sase
A-nom X-acc Y-com V <> C-nom A-dat X-acc Y-com V-sase
A-nom X-dat "…" V <> C-nom A-dat X-dat Y-acc V-sase
A-nom X-nituite V <> C-nom A-dat X-nituite V-sase
A-nom Y-dat X-acc V <> C-nom A-dat X-acc (*Y-dat) V-sase
A-nom Y-dat X-acc V <> C-nom A-dat Y-dat X-acc V-sase
A-nom Y-dat X-gen-koto-acc V <> C-nom A-dat Y-dat X-gen-koto-acc V-sase
E-nom M-acc V <> C-nom E-dat St-acc V-sase
E-nom St-acc V <> C-nom E-dat St-acc V-sase
E-nom St-acc V <> C-nom Exp-dat St-acc V-sase
E-nom T-acc V <> C-nom E-acc V-sase
Exp-nom P-acc V <> C-nom A-dat P-acc V-sase
S-nom L-dat V <> C-nom S-{dat/acc} L-dat V-sase
S-nom L-dat V <> C-nom S-acc L-dat V-sase
S-nom V <> ?-sase
S-nom V <> C-nom A-dat (Path-acc) V-sase
S-nom V <> C-nom S-{dat/acc} V-sase
S-nom V <> C-nom S-acc V-sase
S-nom V <> C-nom S-dat (X-acc) V-sase
S-nom V <> C-nom S-dat V-sase

Alternation occurs:

Only

for Derived CF

Clear filters

Participants in Basic CF:

Verb meaning	Verb form	Occurs	arg_count	Basic Coding frame	Derived Coding frame	arg_count_derived	example
EAT	tabe-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (1) Sono musumega pano tabeta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM pan=o bread=ACC tabe-ta eat-PST ‘That girl ate bread.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (3) Darekaga syo:zyoni pano tabesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT pan=o bread=ACC tabe-sase-ta eat-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl eat the bread.’ ★	3	true
HUG	dakituk-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (9) Sono musumega sono otokoni dakituita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT dakitui-ta hug-PST ‘That girl hugged that man.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (11) Darekaga musumeo otokoni dakitukaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM musume=o girl=ACC otoko=ni man=DAT dakituk-ase-ta hug-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl hug the man.’ ★	3	true
LOOK AT	mi-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (14) Sono otokoga sono syo:neno mita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC mi-ta look.at-PST ‘That man looked at that boy.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (17) Darekaga danse:ni syo:neno misaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM danse:=ni man=DAT syo:nen=o boy=ACC mi-sase-ta look.at-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man look at the boy.’ ★	3	true
SMELL	kag-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (20) Kumawa syo:nenno nioio kaida. kuma=wa bear=TOP syo:nen=no boy=GEN nioi=o smell=ACC kai-da smell-PST ‘The bear caught the boy's scent.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (22) Karewa inuni nioio kagaseta. kare=wa he=TOP inu=ni dog=DAT nioi=o smell=ACC kag-ase-ta smell-CAUS-PST ‘He made the dog smell (something).’ ★	3	true
FEAR	kowagar-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (24) Sono syo:nenwa sono otokoo kowagatte ita. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP sono that otoko=o man=ACC kowagat-te fear-GER i-ta be-PST ‘That boy feared that man.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (27) Darekaga sono syo:nenni otokoo kowagaraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that syo:nen=ni boy=DAT otoko=o man=ACC kowagar-ase-ta fear-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that boy fear that man.’ ★	3	true
FRIGHTEN	kowagarase-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (28) Sono otokoga sono syo:neno kowagaraseta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC kowagarase-ta frighten-PST ‘That man frightened that boy.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (29) Darekaga sono otokoni syo:neno kowagaraseaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT syo:nen=o boy=ACC kowagarase-ase-ta frighten-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man frighten the boy.’ ★	3	true
LIKE	suki=da	NNever	2	1-nom 2-nom V (34) Sono syo:nenwa tonarino onnanokoga sukidatta. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP tonari=no neighbor=GEN onnanoko=ga girl=NOM suki=dat-ta like=COPULA-PST ‘That boy likes the girl next door.’ ★
KNOW	sir-u	NNever	2	1-nom 2-acc V (36) Sono otokowa sono syo:neno sitteru. sono that otoko=wa man=TOP sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC sit-te-ru know-GER.be-NPST ‘That man knows that boy.’ ★
THINK	kangae-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2+nituite V (39) Sono otokoga sono syo:nenno syo:rainituite kangaeta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that syo:nen=no boy=GEN syo:rai=nituite future=about kangae-ta think-PST ‘That man thought about that boy's future.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2+nituite V'caus (40) Darekaga otokoni syo:nenno syo:rainituite kangaesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM otoko=ni man=DAT syo:nen=no boy=GEN syo:rai=nituite future=about kangae-sase-ta think-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man think about the boy's future.’ ★	3	true
SEARCH FOR	sagas-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (43) Sono otokoga sono syo:neno sagasite ita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC sagasi-te search-GER i-ta be-PST ‘That man was searching for that boy.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (44) Darekaga otokoni syo:neno sagasaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM otoko=ni man=DAT syo:nen=o boy=ACC sagas-ase-ta search-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man search for the boy.’ ★	3	true
WASH	ara(w)-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (48) Sono musumega hukuo aratta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM huku=o cloth=ACC arat-ta wash-PST ‘That girl washed the clothes.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (50) Darekaga syo:zyoni hukuo arawaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT huku=o cloth=ACC araw-ase-ta wash-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl wash the clothes.’ ★	3	true
DRESS	kise-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (54) Hahawa musumeni hukuo kiseta. haha=wa mother=TOP musume=ni daughter=DAT huku=o cloth=ACC kise-ta dress-PST ‘Mother dressed her daughter.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (56) Titiwa hahani musumeni hukuo kisesaseta. titi=wa father=TOP haha=ni mother=DAT musume=ni daughter=DAT huku=o cloth=ACC kise-sase-ta dress-CAUS-PST ‘Father made mother dress the daughter.’ ★	4	true
SHAVE (a body part/person)	sor-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (59) Sono otokoga higeo sotta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM hige=o beard=ACC sot-ta shave-PST ‘That man shaved his beard.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (61) Darekaga sono otokoni higeo soraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT hige=o beard=ACC sor-ase-ta shave-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man shave his beard.’ ★	3	true
HELP	tasuke-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (64) Sono otokoga sono musumeo tasuketa. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that musume=o girl=ACC tasuke-ta help-PST ‘That man helped that girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (65) Darekaga danse:ni syo:zyoo tasukesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM danse:=ni man=DAT syo:zyo=o girl=ACC tasuke-sase-ta help-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man help the girl.’ ★	3	true
HELP	tetuda(w)-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (70) Watasiwa syo:nentatio tetudatta. watasi=wa 1sg=TOP syo:nentati=o boys=ACC tetudat-ta help-PST ‘I helped the boys.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (71) Hahawa watasini syo:nentatio tetudawaseta. haha=wa mother=TOP watasi=ni 1sg=DAT syo:nentati=o boys=ACC tetudaw-ase-ta help-CAUS-PST ‘Mother made me help the boys.’ ★	3	true
FOLLOW	tui-te ik-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (74) Sono otokoga sono musumeni tuite itta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT tui-te follow-GER it-ta go-PST ‘That man followed that girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (75) Darekaga danse:o syo:zyoni tuite ikaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM danse:=o man=ACC syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT tui-te follow-GER ik-ase-ta go-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man follow the girl.’ ★	3	true
FOLLOW	oikake-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (78) Sono otokoga sono musumeo oikaketa. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that musume=o girl=ACC oikake-ta follow-PST ‘That man followed that girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (79) Darekaga danse:ni syo:zyoo oikakesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM danse:=ni man=DAT syo:zyo=o girl=ACC oikake-sase-ta follow-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man follow the girl.’ ★	3	true
MEET	a(w)-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-com/dat V (82) Sono otokoga musume{to/ni} atta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM musume={to/ni} daughter={COM/DAT} at-ta meet-PST ‘That man met the girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-com/dat V'caus (83) Darekaga sono otokoo musume{to/ni} awaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=o man=ACC musume={to/ni} daughter={COM/DAT} aw-ase-ta meet-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man meet the girl.’ ★	3	true
TALK	hanas-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (85) Sono otokoga sono syo:nenni syo:zyono kotoo hanasita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that syo:nen=ni boy=DAT syo:zyo=no girl=GEN koto=o thing=ACC hanasi-ta talk-PST ‘That man talked to that boy about the girl.’ ★ (92) Sono otokoga sono musumeni monogatario hanasita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT monogatari=o story=ACC hanasi-ta tell-PST ‘That man told the story to that girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (86) Darekaga sono otokoni syo:nenni syo:zyono kotoo hanasaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT syo:nen=ni boy=DAT syo:zyo=no girl=GEN koto=o thing=ACC hanas-ase-ta talk-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man talk to the boy about the girl.’ ★ (93) Darekaga sono otokoni musumeni monogatario hanasaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT musume=ni girl=DAT monogatari=o story=ACC hanas-ase-ta tell-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man tell the story to the girl.’ ★	4	true
SAY	i(w)-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat UTT3 V (96) Syo:nenga syo:zyoni nanika itta. syo:nen=ga boy=NOM syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT nanika something it-ta say-PST ‘The boy said something to the girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat UTT3 V'caus (97) Darekaga syo:nenni nanikao syo:zyoni iwaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT nanika=o something=ACC syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT iw-ase-ta say-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy say something to the girl.’ ★	4	true
NAME	yob-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc 3-com V (100) Sono musumega sono syo:neno bakato yonda. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC baka-to fool-COM yon-da call-PST ‘That girl called that boy a fool.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-com V'cause (101) Darekaga syo:zyoni syo:neno bakato yobaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:zyo=ni girl=DAT syo:nen=o boy=ACC baka=to fool=COM yob-ase-ta call-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl call the boy a fool.’ ★	4	true
BUILD	tate-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (105) Karega ieo tateta. kare=ga he=NOM ie=o house=ACC tate-ta build-PST ‘He built the house.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (107) Darekaga kareni ieo tatesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM kare=ni he=DAT ie=o house=ACC tate-sase-ta build-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made him build the house.’ ★	3	true
BREAK	war-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V (111) Sono syo:nenga iside madoo watta. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM isi=de stone=INST mado=o window=ACC wat-ta break-PST ‘That boy broke the window with a stone.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus (113) Darekaga syo:nenni madoo iside waraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT mado=o window=ACC isi=de stone=INST war-ase-ta break-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy break the window with a stone.’ ★	4	true
KILL	koros-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V (118) Sono syo:nenga bo:de hebio korosita. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM bo:=de stick=INST hebi=o snake=ACC korosi-ta kill-PST ‘That boy killed the snake with a stick.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus (119) Darekaga syo:nenni hebio bo:de korosaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT hebi=o snake=ACC bo:=de stick=INST koros-ase-ta kill-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy kill the snake with a stick.’ ★	4	true
BEAT	tatak-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V (122) Sono syo:nenga bo:de hebio tataita. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM bo:=de stick=INST hebi=o snake=ACC tatai-ta hit-PST ‘That boy hit the snake with a stick.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus (123) Darekaga syo:nenni hebio bo:de tatakaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT hebi=o snake=ACC bo:=de stick=INST tatak-ase-ta hit-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy hit the snake with a stick.’ ★	4	true
TOUCH	sawar-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (127) Sono syo:nenga hebini sawatta. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM hebi=ni snake=DAT sawat-ta touch-PST ‘That boy touched the snake.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (128) Darekaga syo:neno hebini sawaraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=o boy=ACC hebi=ni snake=DAT sawar-ase-ta touch-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy touch the snake.’ ★	3	true
CUT	kir-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V (132) Sono syo:nenga naihude pano kitta. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM naihu=de knife=INST pan=o bread=ACC kit-ta cut-PST ‘That boy cut the bread with a knife.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus (134) Darekaga sono syo:nenni pano kiraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that syo:nen=ni boy=DAT pan=o bread=ACC kir-ase-ta cut-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that boy cut the bread.’ ★	4	true
TAKE	tor-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-abl 3-acc V (138) Sono syo:nenga sono musumekara {pen/kobu}o totta. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM sono that musume=kara girl=ABL {pen/kobu}=o {pen/lump}=ACC tot-ta take-PST ‘That boy took a pen/lump from that girl.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-abl 3-acc V'caus (139) Darekaga syo:nenni musumekara peno toraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT musume=kara girl=ABL pen=o pen=ACC tor-ase-ta take-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy take a pen from the girl.’ ★	4	true
TAKE	mog-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-abl 3-acc V (143) Sono syo:nenga kikara ringoo moida. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM ki=kara tree=ABL ringo=o apple=ACC moi-da take-PST ‘That boy picked an apple from the tree.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-abl 3-acc V'caus (145) Darekaga sono musumeni kyu:rio mogaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT kyu:ri=o cucumber=ACC mog-ase-ta take-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl harvest a cucumber.’ ★	4	true
TEAR	hikitigir-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-abl 3-acc V (150) Sono musumega hon{kara/no} pe:zio hikitigitta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM hon={kara/no} book={ABL/GEN} pe:zi=o page=ACC hikitigit-ta tear-PST ‘That girl tore the page from the book.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-abl 3-acc V'caus (152) Darekaga sono musumeni hon{no/kara} pe:zio hikitigiraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT hon={no/kara} book={GEN/ABL} pe:zi=o page=ACC hikitigir-ase-ta tear-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl tear the page from the book.’ ★	4	true
PEEL	muk-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (156) Sono musumega ringono kawao muita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM ringo=no apple=GEN kawa=o skin=ACC mui-ta peel-PST ‘That girl peeled the apple.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (158) Darekaga sono musumeni ringono kawao mukaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT ringo=no apple=GEN kawa=o skin=ACC muk-ase-ta peel-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl peel the apple.’ ★	3	true
HIDE	kakus-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (162) Sono musumega sense:no hono kakusita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sense:=no teacher=GEN hon=o book=ACC kakusi-ta hide-PST ‘That girl hid the teacher's book.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (163) Darekaga musumeni sense:no hono kakusaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM musume=ni girl=DAT sense:=no teacher=GEN hon=o book=ACC kakus-ase-ta hide-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the girl hide the teacher's book.’ ★	3	true
SHOW	mise-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (167) Sono musumega sense:ni hono miseta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sense:=ni teacher=DAT hon=o book=ACC mise-ta show-PST ‘That girl showed a book to the teacher.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus	4	true
GIVE	kure-ru	NNever	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (327) Sense:ga watasini hono kureta. sense:=ga teacher=NOM watasi=ni 1sg=DAT hon=o book=ACC kure-ta give-PST ‘The teacher gave me a book.’ ★
SEND	okur-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (176) Sono nusumega {sense:/gakko:}ni hono okutta. sono that nusume=ga girl=NOM {sense:/gakko:}=ni {teacher/school}=DAT hon=o book=ACC okut-ta send-PST ‘That girl sent the book to the teacher/school.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (178) Darekaga sono musumeni hono sense:no tokoroni okuraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT hon=o book=ACC sense:=no teacher=GEN tokoro=ni place=DAT okur-ase-ta send-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl send the book to the teacher.’ ★ (330) Darekaga sono musumeni hono gakko:ni okuraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT hon=o book=ACC gakko:=ni school=DAT okur-ase-ta send-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl send the book to the school.’ ★	4	true
CARRY	hakob-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (183) Sono musumega sense:no tokoroni hono hakonda. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sense:=no teacher=GEN tokoro=ni place=DAT hon=o book=ACC hakon-da carry-PST ‘That girl carried the book to the teacher.’ ★ (188) Sono musumega gakko:ni hono hakonda. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM gakko:=ni school=DAT hon=o book=ACC hakon-da carry-PST ‘That girl carried the book to school.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (185) Darekaga sono musumeni hono sense:no tokoroni hakobaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT hon=o book=ACC sense:=no teacher=GEN tokoro=ni place=DAT hakob-ase-ta carry-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl carry the book to the teacher.’ ★ (190) Darekaga sono musumeni hono gakko:ni hakobaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT hon=o book=ACC gakko:=ni school=DAT hakob-ase-ta carry-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl carry the book to school.’ ★	4	true
THROW	nage-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (193) Sono otokoga madoni isio nageta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM mado=ni window=DAT isi=o stone=ACC nage-ta throw-PST ‘That man threw a stone at the window.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (194) Darekaga sono otokoni isio madoni nagesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT isi=o stone=ACC mado=ni window=DAT nage-sase-ta throw-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man throw the stone at the window.’ ★	4	true
TIE	tunag-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (198) Sono otokoga umao kini tunaida. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM uma=o horse=ACC ki=ni tree=DAT tunai-da tie-PST ‘That man tied the horse to the tree.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (200) Darekaga sono otokoni umao kini tunagaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT uma=o horse=ACC ki=ni tree=DAT tunag-ase-ta tie-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man tie the horse to the tree.’ ★	4	true
LIKE	ki=ni ir-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (205) Kodomoga sono omotyao kini itte iru. kodomo=ga child=NOM sono that omotya=o toy=ACC ki=ni mind=DAT it-te enter-GER i-ru be-NPST ‘The child likes that toy.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (206) Titiwa kodomoni omotyao kini iraseta. titi=wa father=TOP kodomo=ni child=DAT omotya=o toy=ACC ki=ni mind=DAT ir-ase-ta enter-CAUS-PST ‘Father made the child like the toy.’ ★	3	true
PUT	ok-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (209) Sono otokoga hono tukueno ueni oita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM hon=o book=ACC tukue=no desk=GEN ue=ni above=DAT oi-ta put-PST ‘That man put the book on the desk.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (211) Darekaga sono otokoni hono tukueno ueni okaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT hon=o book=ACC tukue=no desk=GEN ue=ni above=DAT ok-ase-ta put-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man put the book on the desk.’ ★	4	true
POUR	tug-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (215) Sono otokoga gurasuni mizuo tuida. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM gurasu=ni glass=DAT mizu=o water=ACC tui-da pour-PST ‘That man poured the water into the glass.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (217) Darekaga sono otokoni gurasuni mizuo tugaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT gurasu=ni glass=DAT mizu=o water=ACC tug-ase-ta pour-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man pour the water into the glass.’ ★	4	true
COVER	kake-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (220) Sono otokoga kodomoni mo:huo kaketa. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM kodomo=ni child=DAT mo:hu=o blanket=ACC kake-ta cover-PST ‘That man covered the child with a blanket.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (221) Darekaga sono otokoni kodomoni mo:huo kakesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT kodomo=ni child=DAT mo:hu=o blanket=ACC kake-sase-ta cover-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man cover the child with the blanket.’ ★	4	true
FILL	mitas-u (1)	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (227) Sono otokoga gurasuni mizuo mitasita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM gurasu=ni glass=DAT mizu=o water=ACC mitasi-ta fill-PST ‘That man filled the glass with water.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (229) Darekaga sono otokoni mizuo gurasuni mitasaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT mizu=o water=ACC gurasu=ni glass=DAT mitas-ase-ta fill-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man fill the glass with water.’ ★	4	true
FILL	mitas-u (2)	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-acc (3-instr) V (233) Sono otokoga gurasuo mizude mitasita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM gurasu=o glass=ACC mizu=de water=INST mitasi-ta fill-PST ‘That man filled the glass with the water.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc 3-instr V'caus (235) Darekaga sono otokoni gurasuo mizude mitasaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT gurasu=o glass=ACC mizu=de water=INST mitas-ase-ta fill-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man fill the glass with water.’ ★	4	true
LOAD	tum-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (239) Sono otokoga nigurumani hosikusao tunda. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM niguruma=ni cart=DAT hosikusa=o hay=ACC tun-da load-PST ‘That man loaded the hay on the wagon.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (241) Darekaga sono otokoni hosikusao nigurumani tumaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT hosikusa=o hay=ACC niguruma=ni cart=DAT tum-ase-ta load-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man load the hay on the wagon.’ ★	4	true
CLIMB	nobor-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (249) Sono otodoga okani nobotta. sono that otodo=ga man=NOM oka=ni hill=DAT nobot-ta climb-PST ‘That man climbed the hill.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (250) Darekaga sono otokoo okani noboraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=o man=ACC oka=ni hill=DAT nobor-ase-ta climb-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man climb the hill.’ ★	3	true
CLIMB	nobor-u (2)	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (252) Sono otodoga okao nobotta. sono that otodo=ga man=NOM oka=o hill=ACC nobot-ta climb-PST ‘That man climbed the hill.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (253) Darekaga sono otokoni okao noboraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT oka=o hill=ACC nobor-ase-ta climb-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man climb the hill.’ ★	3	true
RUN	hasir-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (255) Sono kodomoga ko:te:o hasitta. sono that kodomo=ga child=NOM ko:te:=o ground=ACC hasit-ta run-PST ‘That child ran around the school ground.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (256) Sense:ga kodomoni ko:te:o hasiraseta. sense:=ga teacher=NOM kodomo=ni child=DAT ko:te:=o ground=ACC hasir-ase-ta run-CAUS-PST ‘The teacher made the children run around the school ground.’ ★	2	true
SIT DOWN	suwar-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (258) Sono otokoga suwatta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM suwat-ta sit-PST ‘That man sat down.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (259) Darekaga sono otokoo yukani suwaraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=o man=ACC yuka=ni floor=DAT suwar-ase-ta sit-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man sit down on the floor.’ ★	2	true
SIT DOWN	kosikake-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (261) Kodomotatiwa bentini kosikaketa. kodomotati=wa children=TOP benti=ni bench=DAT kosikake-ta sit.down-PST ‘The children sat down on the bench.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (262) Otonatatiwa kodomotati{o/ni} bentini kosikakesaseta. otonatati=wa grown.ups=TOP kodomotati={o/ni} children={ACC/DAT} benti=ni bench=DAT kosikake-sase-ta sit.down-CAUS-PST ‘The grown-ups made the children sit down on the bench.’ ★	3	true
JUMP	hane-ru	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (264) Kodomoga yukano uede haneta. kodomo=ga child=NOM yuka=no floor=GEN ue=de above=INST hane-ta jump-PST ‘The child bounced on the floor.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (265) Darekaga kodomoo yukano uede hanesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM kodomo=o child=ACC yuka=no floor=GEN ue=de above=INST hane-sase-ta jump-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the child bounce on the floor.’ ★	2	true
SING	uta(w)-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (267) Sono syo:nenga utao utatta. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM uta=o song=ACC utat-ta sing-PST ‘The boy sang a song.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (268) Darekaga syo:nenni utao utawaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT uta=o song=ACC utaw-ase-ta sing-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy sing a song.’ ★	3	true
GO	ik-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (272) Sono syo:nenwa ekini itta. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP eki=ni station=DAT it-ta go-PST ‘That boy went to the station.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (273) Darekaga sono syo:neno ekini ikaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that syo:nen=o boy=ACC eki=ni station=DAT ik-ase-ta go-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy go to the station.’ ★	3	true
LIVE	sum-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-dat V (278) Sono syo:nenwa sono murani sunde ita. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP sono that mura=ni village=DAT sun-de live-GER i-ta be-PST ‘That boy lived in that village.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc 2-dat V'caus (279) Darekaga sono syo:nen{ni/o} sono murani sumaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that syo:nen={ni/o} boy={DAT/ACC} sono that mura=ni village=DAT sum-ase-ta live-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy live in that village.’ ★	3	true
LAUGH	wara(w)-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (282) Sono musumega waratta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM warat-ta laugh-PST ‘That girl laughed.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (283) Darekaga sono musume{o/ni} warawaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume={o/ni} girl={ACC/DAT} waraw-ase-ta laugh-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl laugh.’ ★	2	true
FEEL PAIN	ita-i/itam-u	NNever	2	1-nom 2-nom V (290) Orewa udega {itai/itamu}. ore=wa 1sg=TOP ude=ga arm=NOM {itai/itam-u} hurt-NPST ‘My arm hurts.’ ★
FEEL COLD	samugar-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (292) Kanozyoga samugatta. kanozyo=ga she=NOM samugat-ta feel.cold-PST ‘She felt cold.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (293) Mahuyunanoni wazato sohutokuri:muo dasite samugaraseta. mahuyu=nanoni midwinter=though wazato on.purpose sohutokuri:mu=o soft.cream=ACC dasi-te serve-GER samugar-ase-ta feel.cold-CAUS-PST ‘(Someone) made (someone) feel cold by giving them ice cream although it was in the midst of winter.’ ★	2	true
DIE	sin-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (294) Sono otokoga sinda. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM sin-da die-PST ‘That man died.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (295) Darekaga sono otokoo sinaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=o man=ACC sin-ase-ta die-CAUS-PST ‘Someone let that man die.’ ★	2	true
PLAY	asob-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (297) Kodomoga asonde iru. kodomo=ga child=NOM ason-de play-GER i-ru be-NPST ‘The child is playing.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (298) Bokuwa kodomoo asobaseta. boku=wa 1sg=TOP kodomo=o child=ACC asob-ase-ta play-CAUS-PST ‘I made the child play.’ ★	2	true
BE SAD	kanasi-i	NNever	1	1-nom V (300) Watasiwa kanasi. watasi=wa 1sg=TOP kanasi-i sad-NPST ‘I am sad.’ ★
BE HUNGRY	onaka=ga her-u	NNever	1	1-nom V (304) Sono syo:nenwa onakaga hetta. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP onaka=ga stomach=NOM het-ta decrease-PST ‘That boy is hungry.’ ★
ROLL	korogar-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (307) Bo:ruga korogatta. bo:ru=ga ball=NOM korogat-ta roll-PST ‘The ball rolled.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (308) Sense:ga mattono uede kodomoo korogaraseta. sense:=ga teacher=NOM matto=no mat=GEN ue=de above=INST kodomo=o child=ACC korogar-ase-ta roll-CAUS-PST ‘The teacher made the children roll on the mat.’ ★	2	true
ROLL (tr)	korogas-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (309) Sono otokoga bo:ruo korogasu. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM bo:ru=o ball=ACC korogas-u roll-NPST ‘That man will roll the ball.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (312) Darekaga sono otokoni bo:ruo koroga(sa)seta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT bo:ru=o ball=ACC korogas-ase-ta roll-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the man roll the ball.’ ★	3	true
SINK	sizum-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (315) Hunega sizunda. hune=ga boat=NOM sizun-da sink-PST ‘The boat sank.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (317) Karega huneo sizumaseta. kare=ga he=NOM hune=o boat=ACC sizum-ase-ta sink-CAUS-PST ‘He made the boat sank.’ ★	2	true
SINK (tr)	sizume-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (318) Karewa huneo sizumeta. kare=wa he=TOP hune=o boat=ACC sizume-ta sink-PST ‘He sank the boat.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (319) Darekaga kareni huneo sizumesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM kare=ni he=DAT hune=o boat=ACC sizume-sase-ta sink-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made him sink the boat.’ ★	3	true
BURN	yake-ru	NNever	1	1-nom V (322) Sammaga yaketa. samma=ga saury=NOM yake-ta burn-PST ‘The saury was grilled.’ ★
BURN (tr)	yak-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (323) Oka:sanga sammao yaita. oka:san=ga mother=NOM samma=o saury=ACC yai-ta burn-PST ‘Mother grilled the saury.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (326) Darekaga oka:sanni sammao yakaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM oka:san=ni mother=DAT samma=o saury=ACC yak-ase-ta burn-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made my mother grill the saury.’ ★	3	true
BURN	moe-ru	NNever	1	1-nom V (335) Iega moete iru. ie=ga house=NOM moe-te burn-GER i-ru be-NPST ‘The house is burning.’ ★
BE A HUNTER	karyu:do=da	NNever	1	1-nom V (354) Sono otokowa karyu:dodatta. sono that otoko=wa man=TOP karyu:do=dat-ta hunter=COPULA-PST ‘That man was a hunter.’ ★
GRIND	sur-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (355) Sono otokoga yamaimoo sutta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM yamaimo=o yam=ACC sut-ta grind-PST ‘That man ground the yam.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (357) Darekaga otokoni yamaimoo suraseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM otoko=ni man=DAT yamaimo=o yam=ACC sur-ase-ta grind-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man ground the yam.’ ★	3	true
WIPE	huk-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (360) Sono musumega te:buruo huita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM te:buru=o table=ACC hui-ta wipe-PST ‘That girl wiped the table.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (362) Darekaga sono musumeni te:buruo hukaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT te:buru=o table=ACC huk-ase-ta wipe-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl wipe the table.’ ★	3	true
DIG	hor-u (1)	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (342) Sono otokoga zimeno hotta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM zimen=o ground=ACC hot-ta dig-PST ‘That man dug the ground.’ ★ (366) Sono otokoga zimenni anao hotta. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM zimen=ni ground=DAT ana=o hole=ACC hot-ta dig-PST ‘That man dug a hole in the ground.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (346) Darekaga sono otokoni zimeno horaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT zimen=o ground=ACC hor-ase-ta dig-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man dig the ground.’ ★ (368) Darekaga sono otokoni zimenni anao horaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT zimen=ni ground=DAT ana=o hole=ACC hor-ase-ta dig-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man dig the hole in the ground.’ ★	3	true
DIG	hor-u (2)	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (371) Sono zyose:wa imoo hotte iru. sono that zyose:=wa woman=TOP imo=o potato=ACC hot-te dig-GER i-ru be-NPST ‘That woman is digging for potatoes.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (373) Darekaga sono zyose:ni imoo horaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that zyose:=ni woman=DAT imo=o potato=ACC hor-ase-ta dig-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that woman dig potatoes.’ ★	3	true
PUSH	os-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (375) Sono musumega sono otokono senakao osita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sono that otoko=no man=GEN senaka=o back=ACC osi-ta push-PST ‘That girl pushed that man's back.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (376) Darekaga sono musumeni sono otokono senakao osaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT sono that otoko=no man=GEN senaka=o back=ACC os-ase-ta push-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl push that man's back.’ ★	3	true
PUSH	os-u (2)	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (379) Sono otokoga hankoo osita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM hanko=o stamp=ACC osi-ta push-PST ‘That man pressed the stamp (on something).’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (381) Darekaga sono otokoni hankoo osaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT hanko=o stamp=ACC os-ase-ta push-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man press the stamp (on something).’ ★	3	true
BRING	motteik-u	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (385) Sono musumega sense:no tokoroni hono motteitta. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sense:=no teacher=GEN tokoro=ni place=DAT hon=o book=ACC motteit-ta bring-PST ‘That girl brought the book to the teacher.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (386) Darekaga sono musumeni sense:no tokoroni hono motteikaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT sense:=no teacher=GEN tokoro=ni place=DAT hon=o book=ACC motteik-ase-ta bring-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl bring the book to the teacher.’ ★	4	true
STEAL	nusum-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (390) Sono musumega sense:no hono nusunda. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM sense:=no teacher=GEN hon=o book=ACC nusun-da steal-PST ‘That girl stole the teacher's book.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (392) Darekaga sono musumeni sense:no hono nusumaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that musume=ni girl=DAT sense:=no teacher=GEN hon=o book=ACC nusum-ase-ta steal-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that girl steal the book.’ ★	3	true
TEACH	osie-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (395) Sono sense:ga watasini su:gakuo osieta. sono that sense:=ga teacher=NOM watasi=ni 1sg=DAT su:gaku=o mathematics=ACC osie-ta teach-PST ‘That teacher taught me mathematics.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (396) Darekaga sono sense:ni watasini su:gakuo osiesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM sono that sense:=ni teacher=DAT watasi=ni 1sg=DAT su:gaku=o mathematics=ACC osie-sase-ta teach-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that teacher teach me mathematics.’ ★	4	true
HEAR	kikoe-ru	NNever	2	1-nom 2-dat V (400) Bokuniwa sono otoga kikoeta. boku=ni=wa 1sg=DAT=TOP sono that oto=ga sound=NOM kikoe-ta hear-PST ‘I heard that sound.’ ★
COOK	ryo:ri su-ru	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (402) Bokuga sakanao ryo:ri sita. boku=ga 1sg=NOM sakana=o fish=ACC ryo:ri cook si-ta do-PST ‘I cooked the fish.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (403) Bokuwa imo:toni sakanao ryo:ri saseta. boku=wa 1sg=TOP imo:to=ni sister=DAT sakana=o fish=ACC ryo:ri cook s-ase-ta do-CAUS-PST ‘I made my sister cook the fish.’ ★	3	true
BOIL	wak-u	NNever	1	1-nom V (406) Oyuga waita. oyu=ga hot.water=NOM wai-ta boil-PST ‘The water boiled.’ ★
BOIL (tr)	wakas-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (408) Bokuga oyuo wakasita. boku=ga 1sg=NOM oyu=o hot.water=ACC wakasi-ta boil-PST ‘I boiled the water.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (410) Bokuwa imo:toni oyuo wakasaseta. boku=wa 1sg=TOP imo:to=ni sister=DAT oyu=o hot.water=ACC wakas-ase-ta boil-CAUS-PST ‘I made my sister boil the water.’ ★	3	true
SHOUT AT	donar-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (415) Zyose:wa syo:neno donari tuketa. zyose:=wa woman=TOP syo:nen=o boy=ACC donar-i shout-ADV tuke-ta put.on-PST ‘The woman shouted at the boy.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (414) Zyose:wa kareni syo:neno donari tukesaseta. zyose:=wa woman=TOP kare=ni he=DAT syo:nen=o boy=ACC donar-i shout-ADV tuke-sase-ta put.on-CAUS-PST ‘The woman made him shout at the boy.’ ★	3	true
BE HUNGRY	onaka=o sukase-ru	–No data	1	1-nom V (306) Sono syo:nenwa onakao sukasete ita. sono that syo:nen=wa boy=TOP onaka=o stomach=ACC sukase-te empty-GER i-ta be-PST ‘That boy was hungry.’ ★
GIVE	yar-u	NNever	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (173) Watasiga musukoni hono yatta. watasi=ga 1sg=NOM musuko=ni son=DAT hon=o book=ACC yat-ta give-PST ‘I gave a book to my son.’ ★
WIPE	huk-u (2)	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (338) Sono musumega yogoreo huita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM yogore=o dirt=ACC hui-ta wipe-PST ‘That girl wiped the dirt.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (421) Sono musumewa kareni yogoreo hukaseta. sono that musume=wa girl=TOP kare=ni he=DAT yogore=o dirt=ACC huk-ase-ta wipe-CAUS-PST ‘That girl made him wipe off the dirt.’ ★	3	true
ASK FOR	motome-ru	RRegularly	3	1-nom 2-dat 3-acc V (6) Sono syo:nenga sono otokoni okaneo motometa. sono that syo:nen=ga boy=NOM sono that otoko=ni man=DAT okane=o money=ACC motome-ta ask.for-PST ‘That boy asked that man for money.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-dat 3-acc V'caus (91) Darekaga syo:nenni okaneo motomesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT okane=o money=ACC motome-sase-ta ask.for-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy ask for money.’ ★ (418) Darekaga syo:nenni okaneo otokoni motomesaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen=ni boy=DAT okane=o money=ACC otoko=ni *man=DAT motome-sase-ta ask.for-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy ask the man for money.’ ★	4	true
BLINK	mabataki=o su-ru	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (245) Sono musumega mabatakio sita. sono that musume=ga girl=NOM mabataki=o blink=ACC si-ta do-PST ‘That girl blinked.’ ★
COUGH	seki=o su-ru	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (247) Sono otokoga sekio sita. sono that otoko=ga man=NOM seki=o cough=ACC si-ta do-PST ‘That man coughed.’ ★
LEAVE	de-te ik-u	RRegularly	2	1-nom 2-acc V (275) Syo:nenga murao dete itta. syo:nen=ga boy=NOM mura=o village=ACC de-te leave-GER it-ta go-PST ‘The boy left the village.’ ★	4-nom 1-dat 2-acc V'cause (276) Darekaga syo:nen{o/ni} murakara dete ikaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM syo:nen={o/ni} boy={ACC/DAT} mura=kara village=ABL de-te leave-GER ik-ase-ta go-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made the boy leave the village.’ ★	3	true
SCREAM	sakeb-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (287) Otokoga sakenda. otoko=ga man=NOM saken-da scream-PST ‘The man screamed.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (288) Darekaga otokoni sakebaseta. dareka=ga someone=NOM otoko=ni man=DAT sakeb-ase-ta scream-CAUS-PST ‘Someone made that man scream.’ ★	2	true
BE SAD ABOUT	kanasim-u	MMarginally	2	1-nom 2-acc V (301) Koibitowa kareno sio kanasinda. koibito=wa lover=TOP kare=no he=GEN si=o death=ACC kanasin-da feel.sad-PST ‘The lover felt sad about his death.’ ★
BE DRY	kawak-u	MMarginally	1	1-nom V (341) Hukuga kawaite iru. huku=ga cloth=NOM kawai-te dry-GER i-ru be-NPST ‘The clothes are dry.’ ★
RAIN	ame=ga hur-u	RRegularly	1	1-nom V (352) Amega hutta. ame=ga rain=NOM hut-ta fall-PST ‘It rained.’ ★	4-nom 1-acc V'caus (353) Amagoisiga ameo huraseta. amagoisi=ga prayer.for.rain=NOM ame=o rain=ACC hur-ase-ta fall-CAUS-PST ‘Thanks to the ceremony, it rained.’ ★	2	true

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.