jardi ganarrany

Coding frame

1-erg 2-abs LOC3 subj[1].obj[2].V

Complex Verb form

Verb type: AV

Examples

(102)

(Gugu) burrarranyi jardi (birrigud-bina) (marlayini).

gugu

water

burr-arra-nyi

3PL.A:3SG.P-put-PST.IPFV

jardi

full

birrigud-bina

tin-ALL

marlayi-ni

woman-ERG

‘The women used to fill the tin with water (lit. ...fill water into the tin).’

★

(103)

(Gugu) jardi gardany darlubina.

gugu

water

jardi

full

ga-rda-ny

3SG.S-fall-PST.PFV

darlu-bina

hole-ALL

‘The water filled the hole/bowl.’

★

(104)

(...) gugu gayuma jardi, nyarnangarrang.

gugu

water

ga-yu=ma

3SG.S-be.PRS=SUBORD

jardi

full

nyarnangarrang

always

‘(...) the one that is always full of water (lit. the one that water is always full).’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	FILL	Coding set	Argument type
1	filler	NP-erg subj.V	A
2	filling material	NP-abs obj.V	P
3	filled container	LOC	X

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?
C Transitivity alternation of stative predicates more info	MMarginally		y
C Ambitransitive alternation more info	NNever		y
C Verbless/verbal clause with predicative nominal=UV more info	NNever		y
C Telicity alternation more info	NNever		y
C Causative-inchoative alternation of change of location predicates more info	NNever		y
C Causative-inchoative-stative alternation of predicates of location, position and configuration more info	RRegularly		y
C Causative-inchoative alternation of externally caused change of state predicates more info	NNever		y
C Reflexive-reciprocal alternation of IVs more info	–No data	Would be semantically anomalous.	y
U Ditransitive object alternation of IVs more info	NNever		n
C Locative-recipient alternation more info	–No data		y
C Causative-inchoative alternation of "cooking" predicates more info	NNever		y
C Causative alternation of internally caused change of state predicates and non-locative states more info	NNever		y
C Transitivity alternation of motion predicates more info	NNever		y
C Transitivity alternation of activity predicates more info	NNever		y
C Locative-object (applicative) Alternation more info	–No data		y
C Inchoative-causative alternation of change of location predicates more info	NNever		y
C Inchoative-causative-stative alternation of predicates of location, position and configuration more info	NNever		y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

jardi ganarrany

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples