cuocere

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(489)

Anna cuoce sempre la carne nel forno.

Anna

Anne

cuoc-e

cook-PRS.3SG

sempre

always

ART.DEF.F.SG

carn-e

meat-F.SG

ne-l

in-ART.DEF.M.SG

forn-o

oven-M.SG

‘Anne always cooks meat in the oven.’

★

(327)

La carne va cotta lentamente.

ART.DEF.F.SG

carn-e

meat-F.SG

go.PRS.3SG

cott-a

cook.PP-F.SG

lenta-mente

slow-ADV

‘Meat is to be cooked slowly.’

★

(361)

La carne cuoce in cinque minuti.

ART.DEF.F.SG

carn-e

meat-F.SG

cuoc-e

cook-PRS.3SG

cinque

five

minut-i

minute-M.PL

‘The meat cooks in five minutes.’

★

(718)

La carne è cotta.

ART.DEF.F.SG

carn-e

meat-F.SG

be.PRS.3SG

cott-a

cook.PP-F.SG

‘The meat is cooked.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	COOK	Coding set	Argument type
1	cooker	V.subj	A
2	cooked food	Ø	P

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Comment	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever		n
C Passive more info	RRegularly		y	2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	(713) La carne viene cotta lentamente. ‘The meat is cooked slowly.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever		y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly		y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > daParteDi+1)	(714) La carne si cuoce con attenzione. ‘Meat is to be cooked carefully.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever		n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	RRegularly		y	2 > siV'.subj[2]	(712) La carne si cuoce in tre ore. ‘The meat cooks in three hours.’ ★
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	RRegularly		y		(716) Anna si cuoce la carne. ‘Anne is cooking herself meat.’ ★
U Oblique Subject more info	RRegularly		n		(797) Il forno di Anna cuoce bene la carne. ‘Anne's oven cooks meat well.’ ★
C Middle Reflexive more info	NNever		y
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	–No data		y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	RRegularly		n	2 > V'.subj[2]	(711) La carne cuoce da ore. ‘The meat has been cooking for hours.’ ★
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly		y	siV'.subj[2] > 2	(715) Si cuoce la carne con attenzione. ‘One cooks/We/You/They (indef.) cook the meat carefully.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly		n	4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 > a+1
C Direct Reflexive more info	MMarginally		y		(746) Anna si cuoce al sole. ‘Anne is getting burned sunbathing.’ ★
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	NNever		y
C Impersonal Passive more info	MMarginally	This pattern is possible under a different meaning, 'burn'.	y		(544) Quando si è (stati) cotti dal sole si diventa di color rosso intenso. ‘When one is/we/they (indef.) have been burnt by the sun one/we/they (indef.) become bright red.’ ★
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever		n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever		n
U Applicative more info	NNever		n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly		y	1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2	(717) Anna e Luca si cuociono (reciprocamente) la carne. ‘Anne and Luke cook each other the meat.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

cuocere

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples