sedere

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] ( > LOC2)

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(369)

Mario siede lì, in seconda fila.

Mario

sied-e

sit.PRS-3SG

lì

there

second-a

second-F.SG

fil-a

row-F.SG

‘Mario sits there, in the second row.’

★

(611)

La donna sedeva in disparte per ore.

ART.DEF.F.SG

donn-a

woman-F.SG

sede-v-a

sit-IMPF-3SG

disparte

apart

per

for

or-e

hour-F.PL

‘The woman sat apart from the others for hours.’

★

(612)

I bambini sedevano sui banchi tutto il giorno.

ART.DEF.M.PL

bambin-i

child-M.PL

sede-va-no

sit-IMPF-3PL

su-i

on-ART.DEF.M.PL

banch-i

bench-M.PL

tutt-o

all-M.SG

ART.DEF.M.SG

giorn-o

day-M.SG

‘The children sat on the benches all day long.’

★

(809)

Marco fece sedere Grazia.

Marco

Mark

fec-e

make.PST-3SG

sede-re

sit-INF

Grazia

Grace

‘Mark made Grace take a seat.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	SIT	Coding set	Argument type
1	sitter	V.subj	S
2	sitting place	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
C Passive more info	NNever	y
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	NNever	y
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	NNever	y
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	NNever	y
U Oblique Subject more info	NNever	n
C Middle Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	NNever	y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV' ( > LOC2)	(371) Si siede a tavola compostamente. ‘One sits/We/You/They(indef.) sit up straight at the dining table.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	3 > causV'.subj[3] > 1 ( > LOC2)
C Direct Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	NNever	y
C Impersonal Passive more info	NNever	y
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	NNever	y

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

sedere

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples