mettere

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 ( > LOC3)

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(298)

Luca mise i piatti sul tavolo.

Luca

Luke

mis-e

put.PST-3SG

ART.DEF.M.PL

piatt-i

dish-M.PL

su-l

on-ART.DEF.M.SG

tavol-o

table-M.SG

‘Luke put the dishes on the table.’

★

(299)

Luca mise la pirofila in forno.

Luca

Luke

mis-e

put.PST-3SG

ART.DEF.F.SG

pirofil-a

pyrex_saucepan-F.SG

forn-o

oven-M.SG

‘Luke put the pyrex saucepan into the oven.’

★

(362)

Il miele andava messo nel vino.

ART.DEF.M.SG

miel-e

honey-M.SG

anda-v-a

go-IMPF-3SG

mess-o

put.PP-M.SG

ne-l

in-ART.DEF.M.SG

vin-o

wine-M.SG

‘Honey was to be put into wine.’

★

(503)

La maestra mise Luca all'ultimo banco.

ART.DEF.F.SG

maestr-a

teacher-F.SG

mis-e

put.PST-3SG

Luca

Luke

a-ll'=ultim-o

to-ART.DEF.M.SG=last-M.SG

banc-o

bench-M.SG

‘The teacher put Luke in the last bench.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	PUT	Coding set	Argument type
1	putter	V.subj	A
2	put thing	Ø	P
3	putting goal	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
C Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(305) Il miele veniva/era messo nel vino. ‘Honey used to be put into wine.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(303) I vestiti si mettono nell'armadio in ordine. ‘Clothes are to be put neatly in the wardrobe.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	NNever	y
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(301) Luca si mise lo zaino sulle spalle. ‘Luke put the rucksack on his back.’ ★
U Oblique Subject more info	NNever	n
C Middle Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	–No data	y
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > LOC3)	(304) Si mettono i vestiti in ordine nell'armadio. ‘One tidies/We/You/They (indef.) tidy the clothes in the wardrobe.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (LOC3) a+1
C Direct Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(300) Luca si mise sulla sdraio. ‘Luke lay down on the deckchair.’ ★
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	RRegularly	y		(306) Ci si mette sul divano solo quando il lavoro è finito. ‘One only sits/We/You/They(indef.) only sit on the sofa when work is over.’ ★
C Impersonal Passive more info	RRegularly	y	siPassV' (LOC3) (da+1)	(736) Si è messi in un angolo. ‘One is put//We/You/They (indef.) are put in a corner.’ ★
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > LOC3)	(302) Anna e Luca si mettono reciprocamente lo zaino sulle spalle. ‘Anne and Luke are putting each other’s rucksack on each other’s backs.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

mettere

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples