trasportare

Coding frame

1 > V.subj[1] > 2 ( > LOC3)

Simplex Verb form

Examples

(283)

Luca trasportò le valigie a casa.

Luca

Luke

trasport-ò

carry-PST.3SG

ART.DEF.F.PL

valigi-e

suitcase-F.PL

cas-a

home-F.SG

‘Luke carried the suitcases home.’

★

(355)

Il ferito va trasportato all'ospedale.

ART.DEF.M.SG

ferit-o

victim-M.SG

go.PRS.3SG

trasporta-t-o

carry-PP-M.SG

a-ll'=ospedal-e

to-ART.DEF.M.SG=hospital-M.SG

‘The wounded person is to be taken to hospital.’

★

(368)

Marco glieli lasciò trasportare.

Marco

Mark

glie-li

DAT.3SG-OBJ.M.PL

lasci-ò

let-PST.3SG

trasporta-re

carry-INF

‘Mark let him carry them.’

★

Verb meaning , Microroles , Coding sets

Coding set

A coding set is the coding means of an argument. If the argument is only flagged (coded by an adposition or case), its coding set consists of the flag. If it is only indexed, the coding set consist of the index-series (e.g. subject marking). If it is both flagged and indexed, it consists of both flag and index-series.

and Argument types

Argument type

Arguments are classified into cross-linguistic argument types: A (argument coded like the 'breaker' of 'break'), P (argument coded like the 'broken thing' of 'break'), S (sole argument of a verb that lacks A and P), I (argument coded like the instrument of 'cut'), L (coded like the sitting location of 'sit'), and X (all others).

#	CARRY	Coding set	Argument type
1	carrier	V.subj	A
2	carried thing	Ø	P
3	carrying goal	LOC	L

Alternations

Alternation

A valency alternation is defined as a set of two different coding frames that are productively (or at least regularly) associated with both members of a set of verb pairs sharing the same verb stem. Alternations may be coded (marked by an affix on the verb, or by an auxiliary, like the English Passive) or uncoded (like the English Dative alternation).

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Alternation name	Occurs	Coded?	Derived Coding frame	Examples
U Object Omission more info	NNever	n
C Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > passV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(286) Il ferito viene trasportato all'ospedale. ‘The injured person is taken to hospital.’ ★
C Conative more info	NNever	y
C Reflexive Passive more info	RRegularly	y	2 > siV'.subj[2] ( > LOC3) ( > daParteDi+1)	(287) I piatti di porcellana si trasportano in apposite scatole. ‘Porcelain plates are transported in the correct boxes.’ ★
U Locative Alternation more info	NNever	n
C Anticausative (coded) more info	NNever	y
C Indirect/Dative Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(345) Mio fratello si trasportò i libri da solo. ‘My brother carried the books by himself.’ ★
U Oblique Subject more info	NNever	n
C Middle Reflexive more info	NNever	y
C Direct Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/2 > siV'.subj[1/2] ( > LOC3)	(586) Gli scimpanzé si trasportano a vicenda sulle spalle. ‘Chimpanzees alternate in carrying each other on their shoulders.’ ★
U Anticausative (uncoded) more info	NNever	n
C Impersonal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	siV'.subj[2] > 2 ( > LOC3)	(285) Si trasportano troppe merci sulle autostrade. ‘One transports/We/You/They(indef.) transport too much goods on the motorways.’ ★ (499) Si trasportarono i libri al quinto piano. ‘We/They (indef.) carried the books to the fifth floor.’ ★
U Causative more info	RRegularly	n	4 > causV'.subj[4] > 2 (LOC3) a+1	(501) Marco lasciò trasportare i libri da Giovanni. ‘Mark let John carry the books.’ ★ (502) Marco gli lasciò trasportare i libri. ‘Mark let himself carry the books.’ ★ (510) Marco glieli fece trasportare. ‘Mark made him carry them.’ ★
C Direct Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y		(284) Con la fantasia mi trasporto in un mondo fantastico. ‘Through fantasy, I take myself to a fantastic world.’ ★
C Impersonal of Reflexives more info	RRegularly	y		(289) Da bambini, con la fantasia ci si trasporta in un mondo fantastico. ‘As a child, one transports oneself/ you transport yourself/ As children we transport ourselves/ you transport yourselves/ they (indef.) transport themselves to a fantastic world through fantasy.’ ★
C Impersonal Passive more info	RRegularly	y	siPassV' (LOC3) (da+1)	(500) Si viene trasportati in un mondo fantastic-o. ‘One is carried/We/You/They (indef.) are transported into a fantastic world.’ ★
U Body part possessor alternation more info	NNever	n
U Possessor-Attribute Alternation more info	NNever	n
U Applicative more info	NNever	n
C Indirect Reciprocal Reflexive more info	RRegularly	y	1/5 > siV'.subj[1/5] > 2 ( > LOC3)	(288) Anna e Luca si trasportavano reciprocamente i libri. ‘Anne and Luke carried each other’s books.’ ★

			*Valency Patterns Leipzig online database* is edited by Hartmann, Iren & Haspelmath, Martin & Taylor, Bradley and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

trasportare

Coding frame × Coding frame The coding frame of a verb contains the information about the way its arguments are coded, either flagged (by adpositions and case-markers on the arguments) or indexed (by person-markers on the verb).

Examples × Example Glossed examples illustrate verbs, coding frames, and alternations.

Coding frame

Examples